农机农艺融合 实现吐鲁番葡萄生产机械化

<正>新疆吐鲁番地区葡萄种植历史悠久、源远流长,最早的葡萄种植可追溯到2000多年前。现吐鲁番地区葡萄种植面积达3.07万hm(246万亩),占全国葡萄种植面积的16%,新疆葡萄种植面积的48%。但是,吐鲁番地区葡萄的生产管     

清徐葡萄病虫害防治技术

清徐县位于山西省中部,是中国传统葡萄名产地之一,素有"葡萄之乡"美称。清徐葡萄以其品质优、产量大而久负盛名。全县葡萄种植面积达0.33万hm2,总产量一般在5万t左右。是山西省最大的葡萄产区,和新疆吐鲁番、河北宣化、安徽萧山并列为全国四大葡萄产地之一。近年来,随着葡萄种植面积的进一步加大和本地果农种植习惯、土壤、气候等因素的影响,葡萄病虫害的发生有加重趋势,给葡萄生产构成了威胁。通过我们对葡萄病虫害发生情况的系统调查,掌握了其发生规律,为葡萄病虫害的防治提供了科学依据。     

新疆葡萄生产机械应用现状及发展方向

通过新疆葡萄生产历史和现状的调查研究,发现与内地葡萄生产省的葡萄生产机械化相比存在较大差距,提出了发展新疆葡萄生产机械化必须按三步走的形式逐步实现新疆葡萄生产全程机械化.     

浅谈葡萄霜霉病的发生与防治

葡萄霜霉病是葡萄生长期的主要病害,通过对葡萄霜霉病的症状、发生条件及规律的分析,提出综合防治的方法,以提高葡萄生产效益.     

微生物技术在设施葡萄土壤改良中的探究与应用

随着我国对农业经济发展关注力度的加大,葡萄产业也受益颇丰,现阶段我国葡萄产业发展迅猛,也带动了相关产业链的发展,对此社会对高品质葡萄的需求量迅速增大,对葡萄的要求标准也越来越高。为有效提升葡萄的产量及品质,我国也大力开展设施葡萄的建设,但是在实际的葡萄栽培工作中发现,大量的施肥等问题对现有的设施葡萄土壤产生了较为严重的伤害,导致近年来葡萄品质急剧下降的问题,不利于设施葡萄的长远发展,因此对设施葡萄土壤进行改良成为了当前设施葡萄发展的首要任务。微生物技术有助于实现土壤快速改良,对设施葡萄土壤改良有着重要意义,也对此进行简要探究,并提出几点土壤改良合理利用微生物技术的参考性建议。     

大棚葡萄绕蔓坠枝栽培管理技术

针对目前葡萄栽培中存在的问题,将大棚葡萄绕蔓坠枝栽培技术合理运用到实际栽培中,不仅能够解决因地域气候寒冷采用葡萄不下架的防冻方式,还能避免春寒秋雨对葡萄栽培的破坏。基于此,简单分析葡萄品种及园地的选择,并探讨大棚葡萄绕蔓坠枝栽培技术要点,以供参考。     

基于双目视觉定位的智能葡萄采摘机设计

针对传统人工采摘葡萄效率低、人力成本高的问题,本文设计了一款基于双目视觉定位的智能葡萄采摘机。分析人工采摘葡萄过程中的托住葡萄、剪裁葡萄柄和收集葡萄一系列动作,设计了基于可沿环形运输臂运动的袋装装置和夹持装置的葡萄托住机构、末端执行器带剪子的六自由度机械臂葡萄剪裁机构和采用滚珠丝杠原理实现葡萄分装的葡萄收集机构。利用Solidworks建立了基于双面视觉定位的智能葡萄采摘机三维模型,系统仿真了采摘机的葡萄采摘、封装、运输功能,输出目标葡萄串的运动轨迹,可实现采摘、封装和运输为一体的自动化操作;驱动机构采用市面上成熟产品具备较大安全设计余量,基于ANSYS Workbench软件对主要受力部件进行了分析校核,对结构方案设计及材料选型进行了验证分析。结果表明,该设计方案可满足使用需求,具有较强的工程实施价值,可为其他类似自动化产品设计提供参考。     

葡萄埋藤机械化技术探讨

我国葡萄种植由于地理原因,每年必须用土将葡萄藤掩埋起来,防止葡萄藤冬季冻伤和风干.葡萄埋藤作业是葡萄种植生产过程中劳动强度大,质量要求高,时间性强的作业,通过分析葡萄埋藤机械化现状,阐述了葡萄埋藤作业机械化技术的发展方向和推广葡萄埋藤机械化的意义.     

无公害葡萄生产中的病虫害综合防治技术

葡萄是深受大众喜爱的一种水果,在市场上的受欢迎程度比较高,而且葡萄是葡萄酒等产品的重要原料。随着葡萄营养价值的研究深入,越来越多的人认知到了葡萄的价值,其市场需求量也有了显著的增加,所以葡萄有着非常大的市场潜力。当然,在绿色理念影响下,人们对葡萄的绿色生产有了更多的关注,也研究分析了更多的无公害葡萄种植技术,从研究实践来看,葡萄无公害生产与病虫害的有效防治有一定联系,所以基于无公害葡萄生产的具体需要,讨论分析病虫害综合防治技术有突出的现实价值。分析研究无公害葡萄生产中的病虫害综合防治技术,旨在为实践工作提供指导和帮助。     

东华牌3WZ系列自走式葡萄喷药机

近年来,随着人民生活水平的提高,外来文化思潮的影响,红酒越来越流行,红酒文化在我国也慢慢积淀,葡萄酒渐渐走进了中国大众的消费领域,消费量不断增加。而国内酿酒葡萄生产也正朝着“区域化,基地化,良种化”方向发展。目前在我国东部、中部、西部三大地域逐渐形成了10大块计61万hm2,生态条件差异巨大,风格迥异的葡萄种植区域。目前我国葡萄种植、管理和收获基本以人工为主,这与国外的全程机械化种植差别巨大,尤其是葡萄喷药,国外葡萄喷药早已实现机械化。随着国内葡萄种植面积的不断扩大,葡萄种植管理急需引进或自主研发适合我国葡萄种植的农业机械。同时葡萄的植保作业的农艺要求既要求药液尽可能多地覆盖植株及叶面,又要求雨后必须马上喷施。传统针对葡萄喷药机型为悬挂式风送喷药机,该机型利用拖拉机牵引在两行葡萄中间行走,喷洒面积为两行葡萄的内侧面,换算成行数只能喷洒一行,效率低,葡萄内部叶片不能喷洒到位,农药浪费高。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.