基于科艾定律的新型燃烧特征方程

为了从热重实验中充分挖掘燃料的燃烧特性信息,从基于科艾(Kooij)定律的热动力学积分方程出发建立了新型燃烧特征方程.新方程与常规燃烧指标对应的基本方程为一般与特殊关系,而燃烧加速度为负数时将导致常规基本方程左右边发生矛盾.在NETZSCH STA409c热重分析仪上对湛江现烧的7种用煤进行了热重实验,其升温速率20 K/min,气氛为空气.实验研究得到因子Ф在燃烧主区与温度呈线性关系,提出用开始燃烧过渡区的波峰(或波谷)温度可表征着火点的新方法.     

运用波动方程计算内燃机爆震燃烧时的热声耦合性质

分析热声耦合领域和内燃机爆震的研究现状,给出根据KIVA燃烧模型推导出的三维波动方程,将之与KIVA相耦合,对一台内燃机爆震燃烧时的声波进行计算.结果显示,燃烧室内声学波动频率很高,且爆震时其幅值可达数个兆帕.对比实测爆震气缸压力高频信号可知,该波动方程可正确计算爆震时燃烧室内声波.对比高速摄影实验结果.声场计算结果和气体获得声功的分布图可知,声场的振荡比火焰传播更快、更复杂;内燃机燃烧的热声振荡没有特定部位稳定声功的输出或输入.最后,总结了常规热声机和内燃机热声耦合性质的异同.     

混煤燃烧特性的试验研究及燃烧特性指数的确定

采用热天平、沉降炉和一维燃烧炉对混煤的燃烧特性进行了测定。根据热重分析试验结果。初步提出了混煤的挥发分释放特性指数P及燃尽指数C_b这两个集合判别指标。运用两指标进行判别与实际的燃烧过程基本吻合。     

印染污泥与木屑混燃特性及动力学

采用综合热重分析法,在不同升温速率及印染污泥与木屑不同比例混合条件下,对印染污泥、木屑及其混合物的燃烧特性进行了研究.结果表明,印染污泥的热重曲线存在4个明显的失重峰,分别与水分的析出、两个挥发分的析出以及固定碳的燃烧阶段相对应.混合试样燃烧过程中,污泥和木屑基本保持各自的挥发分析出特性,其燃烧曲线位于污泥和木屑燃烧曲线之间,且混合试样微熵热重曲线的变化趋势与组成比例较大的成分DTG曲线变化趋势较为接近.污泥与木屑混合后其综合燃烧特性指数SN有所增大,说明挥发分含量越高对应的燃烧特性越好;采用积分法(Coats-Redfern方程)计算得到各阶段燃烧反应的机理方程及相应的活化能参数,分析表明单一印染污泥燃烧的活化能较低,活化能的大小与试样的燃烧阶段是相对应的.     

高温空气燃烧技术中燃烧特性的研究进展

高温空气燃烧(HTAC)技术是集节能与环保的新型燃烧技术,被燃烧界誉为21世纪最有发展前景的燃烧技术之一.讨论了HTAC系统常见的基本类型和燃烧机理,介绍了HTAC的工作原理与主要特点,从火焰特性、温度特性、污染物(NOx)排放特性等3个方面,对HTAC燃烧特性的研究现状和进展进行了系统的阐述,并探讨了需要进一步研究的内容.     

褐煤混煤燃烧特性的热重分析法研究

利用热重分析法对三种褐煤及其混煤的热解、着火和燃尽等燃烧特笥及其活化能进行了研究。试验结果表明,混煤中的单一煤种在混煤燃烧过程中基本保持各自的着火和燃尽特性;而其热解特性和活化能与掺混比例有关。提出了能够表征单煤及混煤燃烧性能的综合燃烧特性指数SN。     

三种催化剂对半焦燃烧特性的影响

用热天平研究了四种半焦的燃烧特性,结果表明：添加催化剂制得的半焦具有较好的反应活性。炭燃烧反应前需要吸附的氧量也相对较小,具有较小的ＭＩ值;并通过燃烧动力学计算发现添加氧化钙制得的半焦燃烧活性最高;最后,提出了平均活化能的概念来作表示半焦燃烧活性的一个指标,提出了平均活化能的概念来作表示半焦燃烧活性的一个指标,并与其它研究者提出的可燃性综合指标Ｓ进行了比较。     

基于人工神经网络的煤粉燃烧特性预测模型

煤质常规分析指标与燃烧特性参数的综合运用有利于指导电厂的优化运行。对81个煤样进行了热重分析实验并获得燃烧特性参数,利用人工神经网络建立基于煤质分析数据的燃烧特性参数预测模型,并通过相关性分析、遗传算法和多次预测取平均的方法对模型进行优化。结果表明:优化建立的着火稳燃特性指数(R_w)预测模型的拟合度(R~2)为0.957,10个预测样品的平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.15;燃尽特性指数(R_j)预测模型的R~2为0.938,MAE为1.17。在生产现场利用常规分析快速预测煤粉的燃烧特性。     

不同气体燃料燃烧特性及热特性分析

由于气体燃料容易实现燃烧过程精确控制及燃烧的清洁化,文章采用数值计算的方法,对6种常见气体燃料的燃烧特性及热特性进行理论计算,并通过改变空气过量系数、空气预热温度、富氧度等燃烧条件对其燃烧特性及热特性进行对比和分析.结果表明,预热温度每提高200℃,对于天然、焦炉煤气和沼气来说,可提高燃烧温度约90℃,高炉煤气和发生炉...     

印度CFB锅炉煤种燃烧特性试验研究

印度当地煤种特性与我国煤种特性相差较远。根据印度项目需要,对印度CFB锅炉燃用煤种进行燃烧特性的试验研究。通过煤种的常规分析,获得了试验煤种的基本特性数据;通过热重试验,得到了试验煤种的着火特性、燃尽特性和热解特性;通过流化床试验台热态试验,获得了不同入炉煤粒径分布下,煤种的燃尽特性和灰渣比。试验结果对实炉的设计、调试具有重要的参考价值。     

内燃机燃烧技术综述

分析了传统内燃机的燃烧技术特点;对围绕节能、环保两大主题而发展的内燃机新技术做了概述,并着重分析了内燃机的新燃烧技术,该新燃烧技术试图吸收现有压燃式以及点燃式发动机的各自优点,使内燃机的燃油经济性以及排放性能得到进一步改善;对新燃烧技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

燃烧参数影响高温空气燃烧特性的数值分析

高温空气燃烧技术具有高效节能和低NOx排放等多重优越性，是一种新型燃烧技术。为了深入研究高温空气燃烧机理和低氮氧化物排放特性，将湍流N—S方程与扩散燃烧模型和热力型NO生成模型相结合，研究了低氧浓度条件下，燃烧参数，如燃气供应量，过量空气系数，进口空气预热温度以及进口空气氧含量对燃烧的影响，为发展高温空气燃烧技术提供了理论依据。     

基于相空间重构的锅炉炉膛火焰信号分析

采用混沌和分形理论对实测锅炉炉膛火焰信号进行了定性分析和定量计算,通过相空间重构得到了稳定燃烧和不稳定燃烧两种工况下燃烧火焰时间序列的相平面图和关联维。分析计算结果表明:在稳定燃烧状态下,火焰信号的二维相平面图比较宽,关联维在6.5855～6.8415之间;在非稳定燃烧状态下,火焰信号的二维相平面图比较窄,关联维在5.8843～6.0907之间。两种工况下,火焰时间序列的相平面图和关联维有明显的差异,稳定燃烧时的关联维总比不稳定燃烧时的关联维大得多,因此,采用关联维作为火焰燃烧状态识别的特征参数。文中所提出的燃烧诊断方法为发展新型光学式火焰检测器提供了一种行之有效的解决方案。     

A general flamelet transformation useful for distinguishing between premixed and non-premixed modes of combustion

The flame index was originally proposed by Yamashita et al. as a method of locally distinguishing between premixed and non-premixed combustion. Although this index has been applied both passively in the analysis of direct numerical simulation data, and actively using single step combustion models, certain limitations restrict its use in more detailed combustion models. In this work a general flamelet transformation that holds in the limits of both premixed and non-premixed combustion is developed. This transformation makes use of two statistically independent variables: a mixture fraction and a reaction progress parameter. The transformation is used to produce a model for distinguishing between premixed and non-premixed combustion regimes. The new model locally examines the term budget of the general flamelet transformation. The magnitudes of each of the terms in the budget are calculated and compared to the chemical source term. Determining whether a flame burns in a premixed or a non-premixed regime then amounts to determining which sets of these terms most significantly contribute to balancing the source term. The model is tested in a numerical simulation of a laminar triple flame, and is compared to a recent manifestation of the flame index approach. Additionally, the model is applied in a presumed probability density function (PDF) large eddy simulation (LES) of a lean premixed swirl burner. The model is used to locally select whether tabulated premixed or tabulated non-premixed chemistry should be referenced in the LES. Results from the LES are compared to experiments.     

NT6135ZR柴油机燃烧室的设计

为了满足NT6135ZR柴油机动力性及经济性要求,移植奥地利AVL公司快速燃烧技术,改进设计了NT6135ZR柴油机燃烧系统.重点介绍了NT6135ZR柴油机燃烧室的结构特点、设计思路及试验结果.     

基于径向基函数神经网络的内燃机气缸压力识别

提出了一种新的利用内燃机缸盖振动信号识别气缸压力的径向基函数（radial basis function,RBF）神经网络方法。首先,给出了该方法的实现原理与步骤,并根据内燃机的工作特性,对径向基函数神经网络的参数进行了有效的设置,建立了完整的内燃机缸盖振动信号与气缸压力之间的非线性映射关系;然后,对试验数据进行了处理。结果表明,这种方法不仅在压力波形而且在特征点的数值上都具有较高的识别精度并有较强的鲁棒性。最后,对有关问题进行了讨论。     

Ag/Co3O4 as an effective catalyst for glycerol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium

Herein, we report two different modes of combustion synthesis to prepare Ag/Co3O4 for glycerol electro-oxidation reaction. The synthesis technique allows us to deposit and disperse cobalt on the surface of silver and understand the effect of silver-cobalt interactions on the electrocatalytic performance. The bimetallic AgCo catalyst was synthesized via conventional solution combustion (AgCo-SCS); in addition, a novel second wave solution combustion synthesis (AgCo-SWC) was also used to synthesize a sample with a higher degree of surface alloying between the elements. XRD results of AgCo-SWC show peak shifts in 2θ to indicate the formation of a solid solution alloy that could improve the structural and electronic characteristic of the material. In AgCo-SCS, smaller Ag particles are found to be more on the surface, while in AgCo-SWC, Ag particles were largely covered with cobalt particles. The electro-oxidation results indicate that AgCo-SWC has improved electrochemical properties in terms of higher oxidation current and lower onset potential, which makes it an ideal candidate for glycerol oxidation reaction.     

稻壳燃烧特性与动力学模型的研究

采用热重分析仪,在空气气氛下对稻壳的燃烧热失重状况进行了研究,并分析了四种升温速率（5,10,20,50℃／min）对燃烧特性指数的影响。利用Coats-Redfern模型,Freeman—Caroll模型和Flynn—Wall-Ozawa模型分别计算了稻壳燃烧的活化能及频率因子。实验表明：随着升温速率的升高,燃烧性能得到良好改善,但反应起始温度和终止温度由于受热滞后性影响,向高温区偏移使着火温度升高。模型计算结果表明：稻壳燃烧的表观活化能较低,升温速率对活化能的影响并不明显,Coats—Redfern模型、Freeman-Caroll模型可用于估算,Flynn—Wall—Ozawa模型可作为重要数据参考。     

Scalar gradient behaviour in MILD combustion

The results of three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of Moderate, Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) and conventional premixed turbulent combustion conducted using a skeletal mechanism including the effects of non-unity Lewis numbers and temperature dependent transport properties are analysed to investigate combustion characteristics using scalar gradient information. The DNS data is also used to synthesise laser induced fluorescence (LIF) signals of OH, CH₂O, and CHO. These signals are analysed to verify if they can be used to study turbulent MILD combustion and it has been observed that at least two (OH and CH₂O) LIF signals are required since the OH increase across the reaction zone is smaller in MILD combustion compared to premixed combustion. The scalar gradient PDFs conditioned on the reaction rate obtained from the DNS data and synthesised LIF signals suggests a strong gradient in the direction normal to the MILD reaction zone with moderate reaction rate implying flamelet combustion. However, the PDF of the normal gradient is as broad as for the tangential gradient when the reaction rate is high. This suggests a non-flamelet behaviour, which is due to interaction of reaction zones. The analysis of the conditional PDFs for the premixed case confirms the expected behaviour of scalar gradient in flamelet combustion. It has been shown that the LIF signals synthesised using 2D slices of DNS data also provide very similar insights. These results demonstrate that the so-called flameless combustion is not an idealised homogeneous reactive mixture but has common features of conventional combustion while containing distinctive characteristics.