抽运功率配置对双向喇曼放大器性能的影响

为了研究抽运功率配置对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器性能的影响,基于已有的耦合方程,采用数值仿真方法,分析了不同抽运功率配置对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益、增益饱和以及抽运功率转换效率的影响。结果表明,双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益、增益饱和以及抽运功率转换效率特性均介于同向和反向抽运光纤喇曼放大器之间,并且随着同向抽运功率在抽运总功率中所占比例的升高,增益、增益饱和功率和抽运功率转换效率的数值增加;大信号、抽运功率较大时,抽运功率配置对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器性能的影响显著。这对双向抽运光纤喇曼放大器和光纤激光研究具有一定的参考价值。     

An investigation of the noise figure and conversion efficiency of0.98 μm pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers under saturatedconditions

The results of an investigation of the noise figure and conversion efficiency or erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for unsaturated, moderately saturated, and heavily saturated operation are reported. Quantum-limited 3 dB noise figures result only for small signal operation of low-gain amplifiers. For high gain, partially saturated amplifiers useful as in-line repeaters, bidirectional pumping results in the best combination of noise performance and conversion efficiency while co-propagation of signal and pump produces the best noise performance     

基于掺铒光纤放大自发辐射的宽带光源优化研究

提出并设计了一种双向泵浦、双程结构的掺铒光纤放大自发辐射宽带光源。对该光源的实现方案和优化效果进行了实验研究，并分析了该光源的输出功率转化效率、光谱平坦度以及工作稳定性。结果表明，和前向泵浦ASE输出相比，该结构所产生的宽带光源泵浦转化效率提高8.24%,在不加任何滤波器条件下1 525～1 557 nm之间光谱平坦度提升1 dB,3 dB线宽增加24.56 nm。实现了1 h内光功率和光谱的稳定输出，可为光纤传感、光谱分析等领域提供光源。     

Analysis of distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with fiber background loss

An accurate model for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with fiber background loss applicable to the unsaturated gain regime is presented. Exact analytical solutions are derived for the output pump power, gain, and amplified spontaneous noise as a function of input pump power in the cases of unidirectional or bidirectional pumping. An exact relation is also derived between the pump threshold and the pump required for fiber transparency. Such expressions are particularly useful to model distributed fiber amplifiers and to determine the optimal fiber parameters corresponding to a given pumping scheme. As an example, the analytical solutions are used to study the pump power requirement for distributed fiber amplifiers unidirectionally pumped at 1.48 mu m, and to determine an optimum Er/sup 3+/ absorption coefficient.<>     

单频大功率光纤放大器中抑制受激布里渊散射的理论分析

对单频大功率光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射(SBS)抑制问题进行了分析和模拟。建立了双包层光纤放大器的含有受激布里渊散射效应的传输方程组,并考虑了温度差对受激布里渊增益系数的影响。通过数值求解方程组研究了前向、后向和双向抽运方式下,抽运功率、对流系数、光纤长度和斯托克斯频率偏移对受激布里渊散射增益的影响。在抽运功率、对流系数和光纤长度均相同的条件下,后向抽运方式的受激布里渊增益最小;对流系数或光纤长度的减少会降低受激布里渊增益。计算了总抽运功率为1kW,三段抽运方式下的受激布里渊增益,其结果远远大于增益阈值。因此,设计单频大功率光纤放大器宜采用后向抽运方式,尽量减小光纤外表面空气的对流速度以增加温度差,同时应该尽量缩短光纤长度。     

Analysis of gain difference between forward- and backward-pumpederbium-doped fiber amplifiers in the saturation regime

In saturated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), signal gain and power conversion efficiency are known to be greater in the backward pumping configuration. This study shows that the difference between pumping schemes is primarily an effect of amplified spontaneous emission. It is concluded that the highest conversion efficiency achievable in highly saturated EDFAs is predicted with fair accuracy by ASE noise-free models, but is approached most nearly with backward-pumped EDFAs     

Bidirectional pumping of Er-doped fibers using detuned 980-nmlasers

A two-directional configuration with two fiber Bragg grating stabilized 980-nm lasers pumping an erbium-doped fiber coil and delivering up to 23-dBm output power is presented. Operating conditions leading to stable operation are discussed in terms of pump detuning and power. Configuration with no pump wavelength detuning is also discussed     

多点抽运双包层光纤激光器理论及数值分析

大功率双包层光纤激光器采用分布式多点抽运有利于功率扩展和输出特性的优化.采用数值模拟的方法分别计算了正向多点抽运和反向多点抽运,得出了不同抽运光反射限制和不同的光纤长度条件下抽运点数与输出功率的关系,以及不同抽运点数和不同抽运光反射限制下的光纤最佳长度,并进一步得出,多点抽运时,通过在双包层光纤内包层写入光栅的方法对抽运光进行反射限制可以大大改善光纤激光器的输出特性.这些结论对多点抽运双包层光纤激光器的结构优化具有指导意义.     

Pump power calculation for parametric diodes with variable series resistance

Relations are given for the pump power lost in a parametric diode with voltage-dependent series resistance. It is shown that in the case of voltage pumping, unlike current pumping, the effective resistance for the pump power calculation is different from the average value.     

单级结构C+L波段掺铒光纤宽带光源

报道了利用双向抽运单级掺铒光纤结构研制的高效率C L波段放大自发辐射(ASE)宽带光源。实验表明,该结构在一定的掺铒光纤长度范围内,均可通过调节前后向抽运功率来获得带宽达80 nm(1525~1605 nm)光谱平坦的C L波段宽带光源。光源的抽运转换效率与掺铒光纤长度、前后向抽运功率分配有关。选择所需的最短掺铒光纤长度制作光源,既可以节省光纤,降低成本,还可以提高抽运转换效率。利用该光源结构获得了输出功率为13.5 dBm,抽运转换效率达23.2%的高效率C L波段放大自发辐射宽带光源。     

Optimum pumping scheme of dual-stage triple-pass erbium-doped fiber amplifier

The optimization of pump power for a new configuration of dual-stage triple-pass Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is successfully demonstrated. This configuration incorporates two-stage amplifiers with two independent 980-nm pump lasers. The first-stage amplifier consists of double-pass amplification to obtain high gains and the second-stage amplifier is single-pass amplification in backward pumping schemes. The maximum gain that obtained in the experiment does not have the minimum noise figure. Therefore, the optimum operating point is defined based on the ratio of gain to noise figure. The relationship between the pump-power distributions in the proposed configuration shows that the optimum pump ratio of the first-stage pump laser to the total pump power is around 0.3 to 0.5 depending on the signal powers.     

分布拉曼光纤放大的实验研究

采用符合ITU-T标准的G波段40信道波分复用(WDM)光源对分布式拉曼放大器(DRA)的特性进行了实验研究。对不同抽运方式及不同光纤长度的分布式拉曼放大器性能作了较为详细的报道。在抽运功率相同的条件下，选用50km单模光纤对比研究了不同抽运方式的拉曼放大器增益和噪声。通过对不同光纤长度的分布式拉曼放大器的实验研究发现，在较低抽运功率且输入信号功率较低的情况下，随着光纤长度增加，拉曼增益也增加，有效噪声系数减小。研究了分布式拉曼放大器对波分复用通信系统信噪比的改善，实验发现不同抽运功率下，拉曼放大器对系统信噪比的改善随抽运功率增加而增加，但是不成线性关系，而且最终会出现饱和。     

Influence of gain saturation, gain asymmetry, and pump/probedepletion on wavelength conversion efficiency of FWM in semiconductoroptical amplifiers

The effects of gain saturation, gain asymmetry, and pump/probe depletion on the conversion efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers are studied analytically and numerically. The power dependence of FWM coupling coefficients and ultrafast relaxation-related gain mechanisms are included in the model. By studying the FWM efficiency in the transition from unsaturated to strongly saturated regions, it is seen that gain asymmetry results in deviation from small-signal models when the pump-probe detuning and pump powers are small. At high pump injection or gain conditions, it is also shown that the small-signal model breaks down even for relatively large detuning frequencies. Probe depletion is also seen to be critical under saturated conditions and an upper bound is derived for ranges of input pump power, pump-probe detuning, and gain for a given amplifier under which the small-signal model is valid     

A digital miniature pump for medical applications

This paper describes the principle, design, control and performance of a novel miniature linear peristaltic pump. Exhibiting dual and bi-directional feed capabilities that allow the simultaneous pumping of two distinct fluids at measured and precise flow rate, the pump consists of two resilient tubes and two directly actuated pumping units. Both of the two flexible tubes are placed in the pumping units in such a way that when a pumping element reciprocates in any direction to collapse one adjacent segment of the tubing, it will release the other adjacent segment of the same tubing at the same time. The two pumping elements reciprocate in a sequence so that fluid in the flexible tubing is continuously pumped in preset direction. For each pumping element, two reflective optical sensors are used to detect its position. Based on the output of the four position sensors, a digital logical control circuit is built for the pump. Experimental results show that this kind of miniature pump has potential applications in portable infusion/suction systems.     

Femtosecond soliton transmission characteristics in an ultralongerbium-doped fiber amplifier with different pumping configurations

The transmission characteristics of femtosecond optical solitons in an 18.2 km-long erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) have been investigated in detail by changing the pumping configuration. With backward pumping, a lossless transmission of 440 fs solitons at 1.55 μm has been realized with a pump power of 16 mW. The output pulsewidth is determined by the spectrum modified by the soliton self-frequency shift. In a bidirectional pumping configuration, 440-fs soliton pulses have been transmitted for a total pump power of 38 mW, where the output pulse width is determined by the original 1.55 μm spectrum. Although a femtosecond soliton is very weakly trapped in the EDFA-gain bandwidth of 1.55 μm and the soliton self-frequency shift inevitably occurs, the femtosecond pulse component still exists at 1.55 μm, and a pulse can be successfully transmitted with a gain of 11 dB and very little pulse broadening     

Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers

We report on the characterization of a recently introduced dual-wavelength pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers using 800 and 1050 nm. Using a counterpropagating pump configuration, 180 mW of total pump power yielded 27-dB small-signal gain and less than 5-dB noise figure. Furthermore, using optical frequency domain reflectometry, the distributed gain in this configuration was evaluated, allowing for optimization of the doped fiber length.     

高冲程薄片激光器抽运结构的设计

为了实现薄片激光器高吸收转换效率的目的,采用多次抽运吸收的方式,结合光斑离轴非对称反射抛物面和光斑对称分布非球面的抽运结构,提出了一种可以提高非球面光束分布占空比的高冲程抽运的新方法。设计了多种不同抽运冲程的结构,使用ZEMAX模拟验证了24冲程抽运时的光路分布和光斑位置图,通过比尔吸收定律理论计算了不同抽运冲程下薄片晶体对抽运光的吸收效率。结果表明,所设计的24冲程、36冲程、40冲程和80冲程的抽运结构,其中36冲程的吸收效率的性价比最高。该研究对高功率、高冲程、小体积的抽运结构设计具有指导作用。     

Noise performance evaluation of distributed erbium-doped fiberamplifiers with bidirectional pumping at 1.48 μm

An accurate model for unsaturated fiber amplifiers with fiber background loss is used to determine optimal parameters for distributed amplification in erbium-doped fibers. Pump power at 1.48 μm and erbium-doping levels required for transparency are studied for both unidirectional and bidirectional pumping schemes. An optimal erbium absorption coefficient which minimizes the required pump power is found. However, this case corresponds to the highest amplifier noise figure. The authors conclude that, in practice, distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are not significantly advantageous compared to 980-nm-pumped lumped amplifier schemes     

双包层光纤放大器小信号时放大的自发辐射特性研究

基于速率方程,针对不同的泵浦方式,对双包层Er^3＋／Yb^3＋共掺光纤放大器小信号放大时放大的自发辐射（ASE）特性进行了全面研究。研究结果表明：反向泵浦时,ASE＋输出功率大于ASE-输出功率,各波长分量对ASE＋输出功率的贡献大于该波长分量对ASE-输出功率的贡献;增加纤芯数值孔径,无论正向泵浦还是反向泵浦,ASE输出功率都单调减小;当包层对芯径面积之比小于某一特定值时,对于反向泵浦,ASE＋输出功率大于ASE-输出功率。这些特点显示了小信号放大时ASE与大信号放大时ASE所存在的差异。