6061合金吊钩时效强化工艺研究

研究了实际生产中的时效热处理工艺对６０６１合金吊钩强度的影响，对产品采用机械加工后直接人工时效及先固溶再时效的两类时效工艺；测定了强度及硬度值；用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察；比较了不同时效工艺的试样在性能和组织方面的变化；提出了相对较为经济有效的时效强化工艺。     

基于振动时效工艺的正交异性钢桥面板残余应力调控

为减小正交异性钢桥面板焊接残余应力,同时为检验振动时效工艺在桥梁钢结构应用中的有效性,基于足尺模型,采用振动时效工艺对焊接残余应力进行了调整,并通过盲孔法残余应力测试对时效效果进行了评定。结果表明：正交异性钢桥面板焊缝区的残余应力较大,达到或超过材料的屈服强度;振动时效后,面板焊缝区及焊缝表面的残余应力均降低到屈服强度以下,也更加均匀;应力水平越高,振动时效的效果越好;振动时效后,远离焊缝区的应力有少量的增加,但仍保持在较低的水平;建议将振动时效工艺应用到桥梁钢结构焊接残余应力调整中。     

动态时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与力学性能的影响

对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金进行预时效+中温轧制变形+终时效的动态时效工艺处理,采用硬度测试、拉伸性能测试,结合金相显微组织分析和透射电子显微分析,探究动态时效对其力学性能与微观组织的影响。结果表明：动态时效能够提高合金的时效硬化速率,随着变形量的增大,合金的峰时效时间逐渐减小,峰值硬度逐渐增大。动态时效能够改变晶粒形貌,随着变形量的增大,晶粒的纵横比增大,位错数量增多,强化相数量增多尺寸减小,使得合金强度随着变形量的增大而逐渐增大,但伸长率逐渐减小。变形量为50%合金的强度最高,抗拉强度和屈服强度最大,分别为527.4 MPa和467.0 MPa,伸长率保持在较高值9.1%。     

深冲钢连续退火工艺的研究

本文研究了连续温火工艺对深冲钢机械性能的影响。结果表明，均热工艺为８５０℃ × ８０ｓ或８７０℃×４０ｓ时延伸率最高，８７０℃×８０ｓ时屈服强度最低，一次冷却速度影响不明显；过时效工艺对强度影响不明显，３７０℃时效１８０－３００ｓ时延伸率较高。     

热处理工艺对铝合金7A09的力学性能影响

对7A09高强铝合金,采用不同的热处理工艺,分别研究了相同的固熔时间,不同的时效工艺以及不同的固熔时间,相同的时效工艺下的7A09铝合金的力学性能.且对不同热处理后的试样进行拉伸试验,并进行比较.结果表明:铝合金7A09的抗拉强度、屈服强度随着固熔保温时间的延长先增强后减小,当固熔保温时间为1h左右时,铝合金7A09的抗拉强度、屈服强度达到最大值;人工时效的工艺不同铝合金7A09的力学性能不同,双级热时效能够更好的增强铝合金7A09的强度.     

不同时效工艺对Al-Si-Cu-Mg系合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过改变热处理工艺中的时效温度和时间,研究时效工艺对Al-Si-Cu-Mg系合金力学性能和微观组织的影响。发现单级时效的合金随着时效时间的增加,其力学性能先上升后下降,在9 h时达到峰值。与单级时效G.P区不连续析出相比,双级时效G.P区连续析出可以明显缩短时效峰值时间。随着时效时间的增加,Al-Si-CuMg系合金中的强化相θ-相和Q-相发生转变,同时伴随形貌改变,导致其对合金的强化作用逐渐降低。时效效果最理想的时效工艺是第一级低温时效80℃×3 h,此时合金的各项力学性能较为均衡,强度和韧性匹配较好。     

稀土元素及时效工艺对1420合金组织和性能的影响

研究了稀上元素对１４２０铝锂合金在不同时效状态下的力学性能和显微组织的影响，并与不含稀土元素的１４２０合金进行了比较。结果表明：添加微量稀土元素可以阻碍合金的再结晶，细化再结晶晶粒，并促进δ＇相在时效过程中的弥散析出。采用４６５℃固溶，２％预拉伸变形后经１７０℃，２～６ｈ时效，可使含微量稀土元素的１４２０合金获得较好的强度塑性。     

10Cr9Mo1VNb钢手工氩弧焊焊接接头的高温力学性能

文中对10Cr9Mo1VNb钢手工氩弧焊焊接接头进行了高温时效前后的力学性能和持久强度试验。利用透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱仪（EDS）对10Cr9Mo1vNb钢手工氩弧焊焊接接头的显微组织及冲击断口的断裂形貌进行了观察和分析，并外推了焊接接头在625℃下10万h的持久强度为46．07MPa。试验结果表明，焊接接头高温时效前后的显微组织皆为马氏体组织，其力学性能取决于微观组织的变化，高温时效过程中从马氏体基体中析出大量弥散的以M23C6为主的碳化物对持久强度起了重要作用。     

时效制度对7475铝合金挤压件组织与性能的影响

通过对不同时效制度下的常温接伸性能、硬度、电导率、抗应力腐蚀性能等的测试及微观组织的观察,分析了不同时效制度对7475铝合金扩压型材的微观组织与综合性能的影响,研究结果表明,单级峰值时效（T6）具有很高的强度,但抗应力腐蚀性能较差;双级时效（T76,T73）由于晶界析出物呈粗大和孤立分布,具有较强的抗应力腐蚀性能,但由于过时效时晶内析出相尺寸增大,强度有较大幅度的下降;沿变形方向带状分布的粗大难熔硬相质点对合金塑性有较大的影响,是断裂过程中裂纹的主要发源地。     

600℃长期时效对ZG1Cr10MoWVNbN耐热钢组织的影响

由于ZG1Cr10Mo WVNb N耐热钢在长期高温环境下工作,其长期高温时效性能将变得非常重要。采用600℃下保温17 000 h的长期时效热处理工艺,并对时效前后碳化物显微组织性能变化及析出物对力学性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,600℃长期时效后,马氏体板条变宽、板条间的界面变得模糊;时效前后,ZG1Cr10Mo WVNb N钢的力学性能有不同程度的下降,其中塑性指标和冲击功下降较大;时效后,在马氏体板条内析出的Nb C碳化物颗粒尺寸仍保持细小,是主要的高温强化相,使钢保持良好的高温性能,可减少合金高温性能的衰退,析出相M23C6碳化物,明显长大,导致马氏体组织出现劣化,强度降低。     

Low temperature degradation of alumina-toughened zirconia in artificial saliva

The long-term aging behavior of an alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) ceramic in artificial saliva hydrothermal atmosphere was determined and compared with that of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals doped with 3mol% Y₂O₃ (3Y-TZP). The specimens of 3Y-TZP and ATZ were aged in distilled water and artificial salivary respectively at 134 °C. Monoclinic phase content was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Specimen strength was determined by a biaxial bending test. Surface screening was done using an atomic force microscope (AFM). No statistically significant influence of any treatment on strength was demonstrated for either material. However, XRD measurements revealed ATZ’s anti-aging properties were much better than TZP after the aging treatment. Therefore, ATZ can be applied to the field of dentistry. Artificial saliva in ceramic surface sediments may be useful for strengthening ceramics.     

热处理对桑蚕丝结构和性能的影响

以市售桑蚕丝织物为研究对象,蚕丝样品分别在50、100、150和200℃条件下进行加速热老化,对老化丝织物样品进行了断裂强力和白度测定,利用电镜和XRD表征手段考察了热老化处理对样品结构和性能的影响.结果表明:热处理后,丝纤维的形貌完整性和结晶度随着热处理温度的增加以及处理时间的延长而下降,热老化处理严重时纤维表面出现裂隙,甚至断裂.由于热老化使纤维结构产生破坏和损伤,织物断裂强度下降.     

T6I6二次时效对A356铸造铝合金力学性能的影响

为了解决热处理后材料的强度和塑性变化规律相反的问题,在T6热处理制度的基础上开发了一种新型的T6I6二次时效制度.研究结果表明：采用T6I6热处理制度可以同时提高A356铝合金的强度、塑性、弹性模量和硬度.在相同的自然时效条件下,材料的强度、弹性模量和硬度随着第一次人工时效时间t1的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势.延伸率既随着第一次人工时效时间的增加而增加,又随着中间自然时效时间的延长而增大.屈服强度和抗拉强度分别在t1为10min和20min时达到最大值237.38MPa和320.15MPa,增幅达到27.53%和15.24%;当t1=120min且t2=8周时,延伸率达到最大值13.63%.这主要是因为T6I6中的自然时效阶段形成大量的GP区,在随后的人工时效过程中析出大量细小高密度的β相.     

Effect of sintering temperature on aging resistance and mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP dental ceramic

In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on aging properties and mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP dental ceramic in simulated oral environment,3Y-TZP nanopowder compacts were pressurelessly sintered at 1 350 ℃,1 400 ℃,1 450 ℃,1 500 ℃,respectively,then were treated by soaking in artificial saliva(65 ℃,pH=7)for two months.The treated specimens sintered at 1 350 ℃ showed there was no phase transformation but whose strength and toughnesswere significantly improved(P<0.05),while those sintered at 1 400 ℃-1 500 ℃ revealed a small amount of phase transformation and insignifi cant mechanical reinforcement(P>0.05).No micro-cracks were detected but increment in lattice volume was found in all specimens.Lowering sintering temperature favors aging resistance and mechanical reinforcement of 3Y-TZP in a simulated oral environment.     

Effect of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded SSM7075 Aluminium Alloy

7XXX series aluminium alloys generally present low weldability by fusion welding methods because of the sensitivity to weld solidification cracking, vaporization of strengthening alloys and other defects in the fusion zone. Friction stir welding(FSW) can be deployed successfully with aluminium alloys. We presented the effect of post-weld heat treatment(PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SSM7075 joints. Semi solid plates were butt-welded by FSW at a rotation speed of 1110 r/min, welding speeds of 70 and 110 mm/min. Solution treatment, artificial aging, and T6(solution treatment and artificial aging combined) were applied to the welded joints, each with three samples. It was found that the T6 joints at the speed of 70 mm/min yielded the highest tensile strength of 459.23 MPa. This condition best enhanced the mechanical properties of FSW SSM7075 aluminium alloy joints.     

Effect of Heat Treatment on High Temperature Stress Rupture Strength of Brazing Seam for Nickel-base Superalloy

In order to enhance the high-temperature stress rupture strength of brazing seam by heat treatment, it was diffusion treated, then solution heat treated, and finally aging treated. The microstructure of brazing seam especially morphology of y' phase and boride was observed and the strength of brazing seam was measured in this process. The results show that heat treatment can enhance high- temperature stress rupture strength by improving the microstructure of brazing seam. The strength of brazing seam after solution heat treatment decreases in comparison with that only after diffusion treatment while aging treatment after solution heat treatment increases the strength of brazing seam.     

湿热环境对FRP加固混凝土结构耐久性能的影响

对湿热环境下纤维增强塑料(FRP)力学性能以及FRP与混凝土粘结性能进行了试验分析,探讨了湿热环境对FRP加固混凝土结构耐久性能的影响.试验结果表明,湿热环境对GFRP力学性能有较大影响,对CFRP力学性能基本没有影响;湿热环境对FRP与混凝土的粘结性能有较大不利影响,对FRP加固混凝土结构耐久性能有不利影响.     

锈蚀钢筋与混凝土黏结机理试验研究

通过对混凝土试块中不同直径和保护层厚度的变形钢筋和光面钢筋进行拔出试验,得到了不同类型试件的平均黏结应力-平均滑移关系曲线.描述了各种试件的破坏过程,对锈蚀钢筋混凝土黏结性能退化机理进行了分析,阐述了不同加速锈蚀方法、锈蚀程度、钢筋直径、保护层厚度以及箍筋等因素对钢筋与混凝土的黏结性能的影响,发现随着锈蚀程度的增加,黏结性能先是略有提高,然后逐渐出现明显的退化;加速方法对锈蚀钢筋混凝土试件的黏结性能影响也较大,相同裂缝宽度下,恒电流加速试件的极限荷载比人工气候加速条件下要低很多.     

Long-term antibacterial properties and bond strength of experimental nano silver-containing orthodontic cements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long time antibacterial properties and shear bond strength of experimental nano silver-containing cements (NSC). Nano silver base inorganic antibacterial powder was added to the reinforced glass ionomer cement at five different weight ratios to obtain a series of nano silver-containing cements, then the antibacterial properties of three orthodontic cement products and five NSC samples were evaluated by the direct contact test (DCT) and the agar diffusion test (ADT). The DCT, which was based on turbidness determination of bacterial growth in 96-well microtiter plates, was performed in both fresh and aged for 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks tested materials. The shear bond strengthes of three orthodontic cement products and five NSC samples were examined using a universal testing machine. The ADT results indicated that there were no significant differences between NSCs and ORTHO LC fresh specimens. In the DCT experiment, all fresh silver nanoparticles-containing tested samples presented powerful antibacterial properties, but they gradually lost the effective antimicrobial agents with the extension of aging time. Finally, none of the tested materials maintained its antibacterial property after aging for 8 weeks. A gradually decreasing trend of bond strength presented with the increasing incorporation of nano silver base inorganic antibacterial powder into the glass ionomer cement, even though all the tested material specimens reached the ideal bond strength range. We may conclude that NSCs can contribute to decrease the demineralization rate around brackets without compromising bond strength.     

Effect of Aging on Fracture Toughness and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Forged 7475 Aluminum Alloy

The effects of two-stage aging and retrogression and reaging heat treatment on the fracture toughness and stress corrosion cracking resistance of 7475 alloy were studied. The fracture toughness, conductivity and strength of samples of nine groups under duplex aging conditions and three retrogression and reaging heat treatments were also measured. Incorporating the microstructure and property, we found that when the condition of the first order aging kept identical, the fracture toughness and stress corrosion cracking resistance increase with aging time and the second aging temperature. The optimal treatment conditions are （ 115℃×7h ＋ 185 ℃×13h） among all tested two-stage aging treatments. Although the 7475 alloy treated by RRA method shows the highest strength and its stress corrosion cracking resistance after twenty minutes retrogression can also reach the same level as those by the optimal treatment of （115℃×7h＋ 185℃×13h ）, the fracture toughness is even low.