基于TAS/STBC方案的无线传感器网络系统的性能分析

在莱斯衰落信道下,基于发射天线选择(TAS)和正交空时分组码(STBC)方案,研究了无线传感器网络(WSN)系统的平均符号误码率(ASEP)性能。基于标量加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道的方法,推导出了使用多进制正交幅度调制(MQAM)和最小频移键控调制(MSK)的无线传感器网络系统的ASEP性能的精确闭合表达式。然后对不同条件下的系统性能做了数值仿真,数值仿真结果与理论分析结果相吻合,验证了理论分析结果的正确性。仿真结果表明:随着发射天线或接收天线数的增加,系统的ASEP性能得到了很好的改善,当使用16QAM调制,当SNR=12 dB,(3,3;6)系统的误码率是1×10-3,(4,4;8)系统的误码率是3×10-4,(5,5;10)系统的误码率是5×10-5。     

多径信道中OFDM系统的优化设计

多径衰落是多径信道中存在的最大问题.连续相位调制正交频分复用信号(OFDM-CPM)是一种将连续相位调制技术(CPM)应用于正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的新思路,它具有良好的相位平滑转移特性、较高的频带利用率和较低的误码率,它可以有效提高系统的抗多径衰落能力和信道利用率.在多径信道中,对OFDM-CPM信号进行了研究并详细推导出了该系统的数学模型.仿真结果显示,该信号具有比OFDM-PSK信号更优秀的误码率(BER)表现,因此证明了该思路的有效性和可行性.     

车联网中车-车通信系统性能分析

车联网中的车-车通信系统,在未来智能交通中将发挥极其重要的作用,是人们未来生活中不可缺少的一个重要组成部分。文章在双瑞利衰落信道下,研究了使用发射天线选择（transmit antenna selection,TAS）和正交空时分组码（orthogonal space-time block code,OSTBC）的车-车通信系统的平均符号误码率（average symbol error probability, ASEP）性能。利用基于标量加性高斯白噪声（additive white Gaussian noise,AWGN）信道的方法,得到了车-车通信系统使用多进制正交幅度调制（multiple quadrature amplitude modulation,MQAM）和多进制相移键控调制（multiple phase shift keying modulation, MPSK）在接收端的信噪比（signal-to-noise ratio,SNR）表达式。然后对不同条件下的ASEP 性能做了数值仿真,仿真结果表明：随着发射天线或接收天线数的增加,系统的 ASEP性能得到了很好的改善,当使用 QPSK 调制,信噪比为6dB 时,（3,3;6）系统的误码率为2×10^-3,（4,4;8）系统的误码率为2×10^-4,（5,5;10）系统的误码率为2×10^-5。     

空时码在Rician衰落信道下性能分析

基于Alamouti提出的BPSK调制下空时分组码在Rayleigh衰落信道中的简单分集方案。推导出多发射和多接收天线系统中正交空时分组码在Rician衰落信道的BPSK调制下的比特差错率的最小距离球界,并推广到在高阶调制下衰落信道中系统符号差错率的性能。仿真分析和比较了空时分组码的多天线系统中发射和接收天线分集增益,以及信道相关参数的变化对系统误比特性能的影响。     

多径衰落信道下的单载波调制识别算法

针对多径衰落信道条件下单载波调制信号识别效果较差的问题,提出一种基于高阶循环累积量的调制识别算法。根据多径衰落信道下循环累积量的稳健性以及不同循环累积量之间的差异性,构造一组基于三阶和四阶循环累积量的特征向量;利用鲸鱼搜索算法(WOA)优化的支持向量机(SVM)作为分类器,实现对幅度键控(ASK)、相位键控(PSK)和正交幅度(QAM)调制信号的分类识别。仿真结果表明,在信噪比为-1dB时,信号整体识别率均已达90%以上,验证了算法在多径信道下具有较好的鲁棒性。     

移动无线传感器网络系统在n-Rayleigh信道下的性能分析

在n￣Rayleigh信道下,研究了使用选择合并( SC)接收的移动无线传感器网络系统的平均符号误码率( ASEP )和信道容量。基于矩生成函数( MGF)方法,推导了系统采用相干检测的相移键控调制( PSK),正交幅度调制( QAM),脉冲幅度调制(PAM)等数字调制方式的ASEP的精确表达式。同时,也得到了系统信道容量的精确表达式。然后对不同条件下的ASEP和信道容量性能做了数值仿真,理论分析结果与仿真结果相吻合,验证了理论分析结果的正确性。仿真结果表明：随着分集支路数的增加,系统的ASEP和信道容量性能得到了很好的改善,当使用QPSK调制,信噪比为16 dB时,分集支路数L＝1,系统的误码率是6×10－2,信道容量是4(bit/s)/Hz;分集支路数L＝2,系统的误码率是1×10－2,信道容量是5.1(bit/s)/Hz;分集支路数L＝3,系统的误码率是2×10－3,信道容量是5.8(bit/s)/Hz。     

正交频分复用系统的性能仿真分析

正交频分复用(OFDM),因为它在无线多径衰落信道下具有较好的传输特性,正越来越受到人们的关注;OFDM是一种先进的抗符号间干扰(ISI,Inter—Symbol Interference)的高速传输技术;文中对其技术特点原理进行了研究,利用Simulink进行OFDM系统链路级的仿真,在不同的信道情况条件下,分别采用MQAM(多进制正交幅度调制)与MPSK(多进制相位调制)两种调制方式进行仿真,并且分析仿真结果,得到两种调制方式在OFDM系统中的性能对比。     

多径衰落信道下OFDM系统的仿真性能分析

构建了正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的仿真模型,给出了具体信道的参数.在不同信道传输环境下,对不同调制方式和不同移动速度下的OFDM系统性能进行了分析比较,在仿真结果的基础上给出了OFDM系统抗多普勒频移的参考方案,采用的信道模型基于ITU-R M.1225 Channel B瑞利(Rayleigh)衰落信道.最后,在基于COST 207的信道模型下,对四种典型环境的OFDM系统进行了仿真研究,并对其结果作了讨论分析.结果表明:在多径衰落信道下,OFDM系统可以有效克服多径衰落和多普勒频移,能够应用于未来的通信系统.     

瑞利衰落信道下基于USRP的实测信号识别算法

非协作通信环境中,针对平坦瑞利衰落信道下多进制正交幅度调制信号(Multiple Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,MQAM)的调制识别进行了研究。首先阐述和分析了平坦瑞利衰落信道下基于高阶累积量进行调制识别的原理,然后利用各阶累积量比值的方法构造出3个单特征参数和1个联合特征参数,最终实现了4QAM、16QAM、32QAM和64QAM信号的识别,并分析不同条件下算法的识别性能。通过LabVIEW+USRP软硬件结合的方式,在实际信道环境条件下对文中算法进行验证。实验结果表明,当信噪比为10 dB时,信号平均识别率接近90%,故具有一定的实用价值。     

补码键控正交频分复用系统仿真研究

补码键控-正交频分复用(CCK-OFDM)技术是无线局域网标准IEEE802.11g指定的调制方式之一,结合了补码键控(CCK)调制和正交频分复用(OFDM)技术的性能优势,增强了抗多径、抗窄带干扰、抗频率选择性衰落的能力,在未来可兼容性、高速率的无线局域网数据传输中起着重要作用.文章在回顾了CCK、OFDM技术基本原理的基础上,提出了CCK-OFDM系统的仿真流程,并运用Matlab在高斯信道环境和典型的多径信道环境进行了蒙特卡罗仿真.结果表明,在不降低编码效率的条件下,CK-OFDM系统性能较OFDM系统有大约3dB的改善.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.