基于AVR单片机的机载惯性稳定云台设计

针对多旋翼无人机在航拍时,画面会随着巡航时俯仰、横滚等飞行动作而变得不稳定的问题,设计了一种基于AVR单片机和MEMS陀螺仪的机载惯性稳定云台。该云台利用经卡尔曼滤波(Kalman Filtering)的陀螺仪输出数据对飞机在三个轴向上的角速度变化进行监测和判断,驱动步进电机对云台姿态进行实时反向补偿,实现这一系统使摄影机拍摄的画面能够时刻保持稳定。实验结果表明,系统稳定、可靠、性能良好。     

小型无人机机载两轴云台设计与实现

针对小型无人机功率和载荷有限这一特点,本文设计了一套小型无人机机载两轴云台,采用集成了三轴陀螺仪、三轴加速度计MPU6050作为云台姿态反馈元件,使用互补滤波进行姿态解算。由于传统小型无人机的云台采用伺服舵机作为驱动电机,舵机内部减速齿轮的回滞误差会导致拍摄画面晃动,因此采用无刷电机直接驱动云台。为了测试该系统的有效性,通过小型四旋翼挂载该两轴云台拍摄实验,实验结果表明该云台使拍摄画质更加平稳,验证了该系统的有效性。     

基于Kalman滤波算法的姿态传感器信号融合技术研究

针对应用三轴陀螺仪和三轴加速度传感器的四旋翼飞行器姿态角测量问题,提出了基于Kalman滤波算法的姿态传感器信号融合方法。该方法将陀螺仪输出的角速度误差作为时变误差处理,认为陀螺仪输出的角速度误差与其所测角速度及上一时刻的角速度输出误差相关,并据此建立陀螺仪测量线性方程,在此基础上,应用Kalman滤波算法,以加速度计输出的姿态角对陀螺仪测量的姿态角进行修正,从而达到姿态角准确测量的目的。实验结果表明：应用Kalman滤波算法对加速度传感器和陀螺仪信号融合后可有效消除姿态角测量累积误差并显著改善姿态角测量的动态特性。     

基于互补卡尔曼滤波的三轴自稳云台设计

文章设计了一套基于卡尔曼互补滤波三轴自稳云台系统,系统以STM32F103RBT6处理器为控制核心,通过IMU(惯性测量单元)获得的云台当前空间角度信息,经过互补卡尔曼滤波算法处理后,经PID调节SPWM的占空比,达到实时调整三轴云台无刷电机,消除云台抖动,实现云台自稳功能。     

膛内惯性测速系统设计

弹丸的膛内运动参数可以反映火炮工作状态特性,针对常规火炮弹丸内弹道运动测速需求,设计了基于MEMS加速度传感器和姿态传感器的膛内惯性测速系统;采用Kalman滤波和四元数姿态解算算法对传感器数据进行FPGA片上处理,实现了从弹丸挤进到出膛运动过程的时间记录,成功获取弹丸内弹道运动过程中加速度、速度和位移变化;实验结果表明,相对激光区截测速方法,该系统出膛速率测量误差小于2.93%;相对火炮身管原参数,出膛位移测量误差小于1.85%,为内弹道过程弹丸运动参数测量获取提供了技术支持,对火炮系统设计评估具有重要意义。     

基于自适应滤波的MEMS姿态确定方法

针对消费类电子设备对姿态测量系统的需求,本文提出了一种基于MEMS加速度计、陀螺仪和磁强计的九轴姿态确定算法.针对实际系统中传感器量测噪声未知的情况,首先介绍了一种基于矢量观测器的矩阵Kalman滤波姿态确定算法,然后利用残差匹配技术,设计了一种基于残差匹配的自适应滤波方法.论文采用自适应滤波对传感器量测噪声进行估计,并将估计的量测噪声代入线性矩阵Kalman滤波算法,有效解决了线性矩阵Kalman滤波需要准确量测噪声统计信息的缺陷.最后设计了仿真实验验证本文提出的算法,并将其与线性矩阵Kalman滤波算法比较.仿真结果表明,自适应矩阵Kalman滤波的姿态旋转误差角为0.6091°,标准差为0.3009°,能够有效的估计传感器量测噪声,并具有更高的姿态确定精度和稳定性.     

数据采集的硬件自校准方法与FPGA实现

为消除数据采集系统中的失调误差和增益误差,满足系统实时性要求,提出了一种基于FPGA的数据采集自校准方法.该方法给出了适于硬件处理的数据自校准模型,并在FPGA中采用硬件流水结构,解决了硬件除法、校准参数自适应等问题,实现了对采集数据的均值滤波、自适应校准功能.实验结果表明,该方法能提高数据采集系统的精度和实时性能.     

基于六轴MEMS器件姿态测量系统

为了解决噪声和漂移等原因造成的误差不断累积的问题,针对陀螺仪的静态性能以及加速度计的动态性能,提出了一种利用六轴MEMS器件对照相机三脚架的稳定测量系统,介绍了MEMS器件的工作原理,介绍硬件系统和软件系统,完成了基于ADXR450陀螺仪和ADXL355加速度计的检测硬件系统设计,通过传感器获取角速度加速度信息,采用不同的滤波方式对输出结果进行了分析,比较卡尔曼滤波和一阶RC数字滤波;经比较,卡尔曼滤波实时性更好,一阶RC滤波动态响应更好;实验证明,系统静态下更适用于一阶滤波,计算出姿态测量角度误差在0.104°以内,得到理想的姿态信息,能有效地提高检测目标姿态的精度。     

一种基于FPGA和PCI总线的天文图像实时采集与处理系统的设计

提出了一种基于FPGA和PCI总线的天文图像实时采集与处理系统设计;其包括硬件结构、FPGA数据获取和传输逻辑.该系统能够在FPGA中实现对最高峰值是660 MB/s,均值为200 MB/s,帧速率是2500 帧/s的高速CMOS相机天文图像数据的实时采集和处理,并由桥接芯片PCI9656通过PCI总线传输给PC机进行进一步处理.     

基于北斗/iNEMO的航姿测量系统设计

基于北斗接收机和i NEMO惯性传感器模块,设计了一种可用于载体运动姿态方位解算的传感信息采集微系统。针对两个导航单元存在输出数据格式、速率和接口完全不同的问题,采用双CPU+FPGA+Flash的硬件架构,并由两个处理器协同工作完成了多路大容量导航参数的实时采集、处理和存储。同步计数器将北斗输出的1PPS脉冲作为清零信号,同时考虑到i NEMO没有固定的时间参考系,在i NEMO数据中加入北斗时标信息,由硬件逻辑电路实现了子单元数据在整秒时刻的同步。试验验证了北斗1PPS秒脉冲信号的同步偏差不会影响后续滤波的精度,且该模块能稳定地输出带时间标记的三轴加速度、陀螺传感器和磁传感器数据。通过解算可得到载体位置、速度、姿态等信息。该系统体积小、功耗低、鲁棒性好,设备可重复使用,不仅能够满足单一飞航装备测试的要求,还可以结合多传感器信息融合技术,进一步提高多目标导航定位的时空精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。