改进的QPQ技术在高速钢刀具上的应用

介绍高速钢刀具强韧化处理的几种常规方法,分析了QPQ技术处理高速钢刀具的基本原理以及三种改进的QPQ技术,包括循环QPQ技术、深冷和QPQ的复合处理技术、激光硬化和QPQ的复合处理技术,并列举了改进的QPQ技术存在的主要问题。     

《QPQ技术的原理与应用》

<正>由成都工具研究所李惠友教授级高级工程师等著"QPQ技术的原理与应用"一书已于2008年7月由机械工业出版社正式出版。作者编著的"QPQ盐浴复合处理技术"一书自1987年出版后受到QPQ技术的用户和广大读者的欢迎,     

QPQ技术在枪械上的应用

QPQ复合处理技术是一种新的金属盐浴表面改性强化技术,可以大幅度提高金属表面的耐磨性和抗蚀性,而工件几乎不变形,处理过程无公害.文章介绍了QPQ技术在枪械上的应用.QPQ处理后枪机心部硬度降低,寿命试验时会因此被打塌;而发射机架由于壁厚较薄,在氮化时会被"完全硬化",导致材料脆断.经过多次试验我们解决了上述2个问题.该技术已成功地应用于CF98外贸手枪上.     

QPQ处理与普通调质处理的混凝土泵车臂架连接销轴疲劳试验对比分析研究

针对混凝土泵车臂架连接销轴在使用过程中生锈的问题,提出了对销轴进行QPQ处理的方法。为验证方法的可行性,基于疲劳可靠度理论,使用最大弯矩法计算混凝土泵车臂架连接销轴的疲劳许用载荷,设计试验工装,模拟销轴的装配结构及实际工况,对QPQ处理与普通调质处理销轴的疲劳寿命进行了试验对比分析。试验结果表明:QPQ处理对混凝土泵车臂架连接销轴的表面硬度及疲劳寿命影响较小,为臂架连接销轴的设计计算及表面处理提供了参考和依据。QPQ处理的销轴已在某型号混凝土泵车上试制使用,效果良好。     

复合盐浴渗氮QPQ处理新技术的发展与应用

本文结合作者应用复合盐浴渗氮QPQ处理新技术的实际情况,综合阐述了国内外复合盐浴渗氮QPQ睡理新技术的起源和发展,扼要介绍了复合盐浴渗氮QPQ处理新技术的主要工艺性能特点、工艺情况和在国内许多行业领域的应用情况,指出了复合盐浴渗氮QPQ处理新技术的推广应用尚存在的问题和今后发展的方向。     

一种高效金属表面改性技术：QPQ盐浴复合处理技术之一

QPQ盐浴复合处理技术是一种可以同时大幅度提高金属表面耐磨性和抗蚀性的新的金属表面强化改性技术,其技术核心,即无公害盐浴配方由德国迪高沙(Degussa)公司独家垄断,成都工具所高级工程师李惠友等同志经过十多年的不懈努力,独立开发了成分独特的盐浴配方,而且形成了成套专用技术。专家鉴定确认这项技术达到了国际先进水平,无公害水平优于国外技术。该项目为“九五”期间国家重点推广项目,并获四川省科技进步一等奖,国家科技进步二等奖。为了使读者较全面地了解QPQ技术,从本期起,将分五次介绍这项技术,供大家学习、参考。     

QPQ盐浴复合处理技术

“QPQ”为英文Quench—Polish—Quench的缩写,原意为淬火(快冷)—抛光—淬火(快冷),现在已成为一个专用名词,并非原含义。 QPQ盐浴复合处理技术是一种新的金属盐浴表面强化改性技术,在两种不同性质的盐浴中使金属表面渗入多种元素,使其耐磨性、抗蚀性比常规技术提高10倍。     

无公害盐浴复合处理的开发

盐浴复合处理是西德Degussa公司独家垄断的80年代新工艺。本所独立开发了成份独特的盐浴配方CN~(-1)<0.2％,无公害水平达到国际领先地位。该工艺强化效果显著,其中直柄钻头可提高寿命3倍以上,超过优等品寿命指标25％以上,同时具有设备投资少,操作方便,刀具外观漂亮等优点。现在正在向各类工具机械零件领域推广。并在此基础上试验成功了世界最新盐浴技术——QPQ新工艺。     

汽车零件表面改性的QPQ复合表面处理技术研究

研究了汽车零件常用材料SUM24和SUH38经QPQ盐浴复合氮化处理后渗层结构和表面性能.结果表明,QPQ处理后氮化层组织由外向内依次为氧化膜层、化合物层和扩散层.随着基体中Cr、Mo强氮化物形成元素增多,化合物层厚度增加,扩散层尺寸减小.QPQ处理后工件表面耐腐蚀性、硬度和变形量均优于相同条件下常规液体氮化处理.     

QPQ处理对3J21弹性合金性能的影响

以3J21弹性合金作为研究对象,采用570℃的QPQ工艺对3J21合金进行不同时长的处理,研究QPQ处理对其性能的影响。通过维氏显微硬度计、光学显微镜、XRD衍射分析仪分别检测了3J21处理后的表面维氏显微硬度、断面维氏显微硬度、渗氮层厚度和相结构组成。结果表明：3J21合金经QPQ处理后,表面硬度得到了显著提升;断面硬度随着QPQ处理的时间延长,下降趋势变缓;渗氮层深度随着处理时间的延长而增加;通过XRD衍射图谱观察到,由于渗层浅,各相衍射峰强度较低,主要由α″相、Ni₃N、CrN和Co₂N等固溶相构成渗层。     

不锈钢盖拉深的模具设计与数值模拟

用D ynaform软件对不锈钢盖成形过程进行了模拟,通过模拟,使拉深工艺与模具结构更合理,减少了试模、修模的次数,防止了缺陷,降低了生产成本。模拟结果与拉深产品相吻合,产品质量良好,满足了生产要求。     

液压挖掘机保护结构计算机仿真与实验

液压挖掘机司机保护结构对于保证操作人员的安全是十分重要的,加装司机保护结构是国产挖掘机进入欧美市场的必要条件．为使挖掘机司机保护结构制造企业在设计阶段掌握产品性能,避免设计失误,采用动态模拟方法对挖掘机司机室顶部保护结构受落物冲击过程进行了仿真,对前保护结构进行了静态模拟．建立了保护结构的非线性有限元模型,讨论了接触算法和载荷施加方法,得出了顶保护结构受冲击点的位移时间历程曲线以及前保护结构在载荷下的位移和吸能曲线．在实验台上对该结构进行了试验,试验结果和仿真结果吻合较好．保护结构的仿真为结构设计提供了依据．     

Vibration of circular plate with multiple eccentric circular perforations by the Rayleigh-Ritz method

The free vibration of a circular plate with multiple perforations is analyzed by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Admissible functions are assumed to be separable functions of radial and tangential coordinates. Trigonometric functions are assumed in the circumferential direction. The radial shape functions are the boundary characteristic orthogonal polynomials generated following the Gram-Schmidt recurrence scheme. The assumed functions are used to estimate the kinetic and the potential energies of the plate depending on the number and the position of the perforations. The eigenvalues, representing the dimensionless natural frequencies, are compared with the results obtained using Bessel functions, where the exact solution is available. Moreover, the eigenvectors, which are the unknown coefficients of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, are used to present the mode shapes of the plate. To validate the analytical results of the plates with multiple perforations, experimental investigations are also performed. Two unique case studies that are not addressed in the existing literature are considered. The results of the Rayleigh-Ritz method are found to be in good agreement with those from the experiments. Although the method presented can be employed in the vibration analysis of plates with different boundary conditions and shapes of the perforations, circular perforations that are free on the edges are studied in this paper. The results are presented in terms of dimensionless frequencies and mode shapes.     

Economics and success factors of flexible manufacturing systems: The conventional explanation revisited

This article analyzes costs and relative benefits of several hundred flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) in the world. The analyses are based on the computerized data bases, which make it easy to correlate different cost and benefit indicators with each other and to look for regular patterns and tendencies in the applications. Both investment cost distributions and the system complexity distributions are analyzed. The relative benefits and advantages and their relationships are shown. Finally, technical and economic explanations for successful implementation strategies are given.The results show that there are two classes of economically successful systems. The small-scale and technically compact systems are usually used in small-batch production for the replacement of semimanual production. The main benefits are increased capacity and productivity as well as quality improvements. The large-scale and technically complex systems are used in large-volume production for the replacement of fixed automation and transfer lines. The benefits are mainly due to the increased potential for flexibility and capital savings.     

Mathematical modeling of fluxgate magnetic gradiometers

Issues of designing fluxgate magnetic gradiometers are considered. The areas of application of fluxgate magnetic gradiometers are determined. The structure and layout of a two-component fluxgate magnetic gradiometer are presented. It is assumed that the fluxgates are strictly coaxial in the gradiometer body. Elements of the classical approach to the mathematical modeling of the spatial arrangement of solids are considered. The bases of the gradiometer body and their transformations during spatial displacement of the gradiometer are given. The problems of mathematical modeling of gradiometers are formulated, basic mathematical models of a two-component fluxgate gradiometer are developed, and the mathematical models are analyzed. A computer experiment was performed. Difference signals from the gradiometer fluxgates for the vertical and horizontal position of the gradiometer body are shown graphically as functions of the magnitude and direction of the geomagnetic field strength vector.     

卷到卷制造中基板横向振动研究进展

运动基板的横向振动问题已经成为严重限制卷到卷制造效率和质量的关键。详细介绍了卷到卷制造中运动基板横向振动问题的研究概况。讨论了运动基板横向振动的建模方法,以Hamilton原则为例,推导了基板横向振动的控制方程,结合解析求解和数值求解方法,计算横向振动的频率和模态。分析了基板张力、速度、材料特性、中间支撑和外界环境等因素对基板自由振动特性及动态稳定性的影响。研究了基板参数振动特性,考虑基板张力和速度两个主要参数的波动,阐述了基板横向振动被动控制和主动控制方法。联合基板纵向张力控制和侧向纠偏控制,讨论了横向振动控制在卷到卷制造中的工程应用。最后,展望卷到卷制造工程应用中基板横向振动研究的关键问题。     

液阻悬置动态特性实验方法及实测分析

论述了液阻悬置及其主要部件的静态和动态力学特性的实验测试和数据处理方法，探讨了液阻悬置特性的评价参数；对惯性通道一活动解耦盘式、惯性通道式液阻悬置及其橡胶主簧进行了静态和动态力学特性测试，分析了液阻悬置的三向静刚度与其橡胶主簧的三向静刚度的关系，研究了预载荷、激振幅值和激振频率对液阻悬置及其橡胶主簧动态力学特性的影响；对惯性通道-活动解耦盘式和惯性通道式液阻悬置的动态特性进行了比较分析，研究了活动解耦盘对液阻悬置动态特性的影响；在不同的激振工况下，测量了上液室的动态压强和温度。     

工程设计的发展趋势和未来

论述了工程设计的发展趋势。介绍了未来社会环境与需求，现代设计概念与方法学和工程设计管理。     

液压柱塞泵运动副磨损特性研究综述

针对液压柱塞泵的3对主要运动副:柱塞-缸体副(柱塞副)、缸体-配流盘副(配流盘副)、斜盘-滑靴副(滑靴副),对国内外围绕3对运动副磨损特性相关的研究进行了汇总和总结。柱塞泵运动副间隙的润滑形式为粘弹性动力润滑(EHL),磨损特性与油膜、介质、污染、运动副材料及表面形貌等密切相关。主要介绍了柱塞泵运动副的润滑磨损理论研究,影响磨损特性的运动副油膜特性相关研究成果,以及适用于柱塞泵运动副的磨损模型。对比分析了柱塞泵磨损特性研究常用的解析方法、仿真方法、实验方法,介绍了每种方法的优势及局限性。最后对影响柱塞泵运动副磨损特性的关键因素进行了总结,给出了有待解决的问题及研究方案。     

Resonance methods for microwave studies of dielectrics (Review)

The general properties of microwave resonators with dielectric inclusions, which are important in dielectric measurements, are described. The methods for measuring the permittivity and dielectric losses in isotropic and uniaxial dielectrics with the use of cavity, open, and dielectric resonators are considered. Approximations that are often used in the theory and practice of measurements and limit accuracy are analyzed. The formulas used in calculations and results of measurements of the dielectric parameters of various samples, including films, coatings, and substrates, in the range 1.5–75.0 GHz are presented. The possibilities of local measurements and measurements of parameters of media are discussed.