陶瓷/金属复合靶抗侵彻性能的数值模拟方法研究

采用自主开发的欧拉型二维爆炸与冲击问题仿真软件EXPLOSION-2D对钨杆侵彻陶瓷/金属复合靶板进行了数值模拟研究。为了描述陶瓷材料的损伤特性,在软件中嵌入JH-2本构模型及通过平板撞击实验结果拟合得到的高压状态方程。在质点网格法的基础上,给出了在欧拉算法下脆性材料累积损伤、破坏的数值算法。采用上述模型及算法研究了不同陶瓷片厚度条件下陶瓷/金属复合靶板的抗侵彻性能,分析了陶瓷靶损伤演化规律和侵彻过程。数值模拟结果与DOP(侵彻深度实验)结果吻合得较好,验证了该文模型和算法的有效性。     

基于HJC模型高温后大理岩SHPB实验数值模拟研究

为对高温后大理岩动态压缩实验结果进行验证并探索数值模拟方法,采用"参考-计算-试算-调整"的方法基于HJC本构模型对不同温度等级高温处理后大理岩材料模型参数进行确定,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对高温处理后大理岩SHPB实验进行数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与室内实验结果进行对比分析.结果表明,数值模拟结果与...     

冲击压缩下准脆性材料含微裂纹损伤的本构模型

基于准脆性材料中翼型拉伸裂纹的成核准则,运用细观损伤理论推导了翼型裂纹损伤对材料弹性模量的弱化作用.考虑裂纹扩展对材料动态断裂的滞后效应,建立了动态裂纹扩展准则,并给出损伤演化方程,在此基础上建立了准脆性材料单轴冲击压缩下的动态损伤本构模型.结合氧化铝陶瓷材料独特的力学响应和破坏特性,讨论了模型中微裂纹成核参数、微裂纹尺寸对动态断裂强度的影响,并用该模型计算了单轴压缩下氧化铝陶瓷的应力应变曲线,数值结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

陶瓷/纤维复合装甲抗弹丸侵彻性能的试验与数值模拟研究

本工作研究了由碳化硼(B4C)/碳纤维(CF)/超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)组成的复合装甲对抗7.62 mm穿甲燃烧弹的抗侵彻性能.通过实验和数值模拟,系统地研究了陶瓷复合装甲各层对弹丸的作用机理.首先将模拟与实验结果进行比较,验证了模拟方法的可靠性.在此基础上,开展了陶瓷复合装甲的陶瓷面板的材料/厚度数值模拟研究,分别采用氧化铝(Al2 O3)、碳化硅(SiC)、碳化硼(B4 C)作为陶瓷面板,研究了不同厚度陶瓷板的吸能效率,结果表明,以B4 C陶瓷作为面板,当其厚度为10 mm时所得复合装甲的防弹性能最佳.     

Si3N4 陶瓷蠕变性能MSP评价方法的理论与实验研究

基于薄板弯曲蠕变模型,对MSP(Modified Small Punch)蠕变试验进行了理论研究,建立了材料蠕变应力指数n的评价公式. 采用有限元分析软件MARC对MSP蠕变试验进行了数值模拟,将数值模拟采用的n值与评价结果n值进行了比较,12Cr1MoV钢和含Cr9%的钨合金钢分别相差1.6%和2.7%;SUS304不锈钢的MSP蠕变试验结果与传统单轴拉伸蠕变实验结果相差仅为2.9%,数值模拟结果的一致性与两种实验结果的吻合验证了理论公式的有效性. 在此基础上,通过对多孔Si3N4陶瓷蠕变性能的研究,发现多孔Si3N4陶瓷在温度为1000℃条件下不仅具有较好的延展性,而且有较大的蠕变变形;应用材料蠕变应力指数的理论公式,得到了多孔Si3N4陶瓷材料的应力指数. 研究结果表明,MSP蠕变试验方法在非金属材料高温蠕变性能的评价上具有广阔的应用前景.     

金属韧性断裂准则的数值模拟和试验研究

对不同外形的45钢试件进行了拉伸、压缩和扭转等材料试验,对工程中常用的5个韧性断裂准则的适用范围进行了对比研究,并采用Gurson-Tvergaard(GT)多孔材料本构模型对试验过程进行了数值模拟.指出目前使用的断裂准则都不可能对材料在多种变形条件下给出一个固定临界值.根据金属成形工艺特点,综合考虑拉伸型和剪切型2种不同韧性断裂机制,提出一个统一的韧性断裂准则形式.试验和数值计算结果证明了该准则的有效性和普适性,进而利用单向拉伸和扭转试验确定的材料常数合理地预测压缩过程中的韧性断裂现象.     

摩擦对高坯料压缩稳定性的影响

采用刚塑性有限元法,对高坯料在平模间的压缩过程建立了刚塑性有限元模型并进行数值模拟,探讨数值模拟过程中横向扰动力的施加方法,对模拟结果进行了分析,最终获得了摩擦因子对坯料压缩稳定性的影响规律.     

前驱体热解氮化硼/碳化硅复相泡沫陶瓷的抗氧化与高温隔热性能研究

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)和三甲胺基环硼氮烷聚合前驱体(PBN)进行共聚合制得复合前驱体, 以此为原料采用高压裂解发泡技术制备了一种氮化硼/碳化硅(BN/SiC)复相开孔泡沫陶瓷. 由包含不同比例组分的起始前驱体所制得的泡沫陶瓷的孔隙直径在1~5 mm, 体积密度在0.44~0.73 g/cm³之间. 对该陶瓷材料的微观结构和性能的研究表明, 由于BN相的引入使得BN/SiC复相泡沫陶瓷在800~1100℃的抗氧化性能有了显著的提高; 其压缩强度随着引入BN比例的增加而提高, 约为纯SiC泡沫陶瓷的5~10倍. 其中以组分重量比为1:1的起始复合前驱体所制备BN/SiC复相多孔陶瓷在1500℃时的导热系数仅为4.0 W/(m·K); 对其进行隔热性能测试, 材料热面中心温度为1400℃时, 其背面中心温度仅为280℃; 采用有限差分法数值模拟背部升温历程, 将其有效导热系数代入计算模型, 得到材料背部中心温度升温历程的数值模拟结果, 与实际升温历程基本一致.     

砂浆材料SHPB实验及惯性效应的数值模拟研究

进行了砂浆材料在不同应变率下的SHPB实验,拟合实验数据得到了动态强度放大因子DIF随应变率变化的关系曲线。基于实验测得应变率时程曲线,采用简化有限元模型,对实验进行了数值模拟。该文探讨了动态压缩实验中惯性效应产生的原因,并基于数值模拟对本实验中惯性效应对材料动态强度的影响进行了剥离,得到了砂浆材料动态强度放大因子随应变率变化的固有特性曲线,并将该固有特性曲线作为数值模拟中应变率效应的输入,计算结果与实验得到的应力-应变曲线吻合较好。进一步通过比较输入CEB推荐曲线和已有半经验公式的模拟结果,验证了所提出砂浆材料动态强度放大因子固有特性曲线的优越性。     

冲击载荷作用下岩石材料模型实验验证

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元程序建立计算模型,模拟了岩石靶板在冲击载荷作用下的动态响应过程,给出了岩石靶板在不同冲击速度下其内部不同Lagrangian位置处的应力-时间响应曲线,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.通过对模拟结果和实验结果的对比分析可知,冲击载荷作用下纵向冲击压缩波和横向稀疏卸载波的双重作用是导致岩石靶板破坏的主要原因,这对进一步开展岩石材料动态力学性能研究提供了重要的指导.     

Investigation of the Thermal Shock Behavior of Ceramic Using a Combination of Experimental Testing and FE‐Simulation Methods

Thermal shock behavior of ceramics plays a decisive role in their broad industrial applications. For enhanced understanding of damage and failure mechanism under thermal shock loading, in the present work, a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation methods has been used. The thermal shock behavior of the alumina (99.7%) disk samples has been investigated by using a plasma test stand: the bottom of the ceramic disks were locally heated in the center by plasma beam; during the heat treatment the temperature distribution at the top of the sample was recorded with a thermographic system. To characterize the thermal shock resistance, a thermomechanical simulation was subsequently carried out. It calculates the temperature and stress distribution within the ceramic disks. The calculated critical thermal tension stresses are reported, which led to the failure of the ceramic disks under thermal shock loading. The effect of the sample thickness on the temperature and stress distribution is presented. Compared with the experimental results the simulated results show excellent agreement. As conclusion, it is possible to determine the thermal shock behavior of ceramic materials by the combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation.     

SHOCK COMPRESSION PROCESSING OF POWDERS

Shock compression processing is emerging as a novel technique for fabrication of esoteric materials. Not only can metal and ceramic powders be dynamically consolidated, but both equilibrium and non-equilibrium structures can be synthesized under the high pressure regime during the passage of shock waves of sufficient magnitude and duration. The shock waves can be generated by impact from a plate (accelerated by compressed gas or detonation of explosive) or direct contact with explosives. Very hard metallic and ceramic powders, as well as those powders that cannot be processed by conventional powder processing techniques can be easily compacted to solid densities. The bonding mechanisms in shock compaction involve the rapid and intense deposition of shock energy, preferentially at interparticle regions, resulting in extensive plastic deformation. This may lead to interparticle welding due to partial melting or simply solid-state diffusional bonding.

Shock compression processing technology will be reviewed with emphasis on the processing aspects. Specific examples of shock compaction of RSP alloys and ceramics will be presented, and feasibility of commercialization of the technique will be discussed.     

Dynamic behavior of selected ceramic powders

An experimental setup has been developed on the continuous recording of the stress profiles in ceramic powders subject to shock loading with manganin gauges. A series of plate impact experiments on highly porous ceramic powders such as Al₂O₃, SiC and B₄C were conducted at the laboratory's single stage powder gun facility. The relationship between shock wave velocity and particle velocity was measured to obtain the Hugoniot data. Plate impact onto powder sample experiments were conducted at loading stresses ranging from 1.6 to 4.2 GPa. The experimental results show that the shock wave speeds in various ceramic powders vary between 1 and 2 km/s. Linear Hugoniot relations between shock velocity (D) and particle velocity (u) are observed. The loading stress–specific volume form of Hugoniot relations (P–V) was constructed using the data from quasistatic compression test results, Hopkinson bar dynamic compression test results and powder gun plate impact experiment results. The P–V diagram shows that the crush strength of ceramic powders is comparable to the loading stress level. The B₄C and SiC powders with bigger particle size more easily reach the solid state Hugoniot than the powders with smaller particle size at the same loading condition. In the case of Al₂O₃, the material shows less sensitivity to particle size difference at the same level of loading rate as compared to B₄C and SiC.     

基于小波、小波包两种方法的爆破振动信号对比分析

在小波、小波包的理论基础上,结合某市城市建设中基岩爆破中振动监测数据,采用这两种方法对同一爆破振动信号在信号去噪、对细节信号的处理、信号的分解与重构方面将两种方法的应用和效果进行了对比。分析表明,采用小波包技术研究爆破地震波信号比小波分析技术有更强的灵活性,能更加完整地反映爆破振动信号的特征。     

爆炸荷载作用下坑道结构振动响应及影响因素分析

根据爆炸荷载条件下的模型坑道试验,运用LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件,对试验中典型坑道段在顶爆和侧爆作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟计算,研究了模型坑道结构在爆炸荷载下的最大振动加速度分布特征,并与试验结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,计算结果和实测结果基本吻合,能够真实反映爆炸荷载下坑道结构的振动响应。最后对不同单个影响坑道振动的截面形状参数进行了一系列数值计算,分析了在相同爆炸荷载下单个特定参数对坑道振动影响规律。     

Mesoscale simulation on the shock compression behaviour of Al–W-Binder granular metal mixtures

The mesoscale characteristics of granular metal mixtures have considerable influence on their shock compression properties. However, it is difficult to use traditional research methods, such as theoretical analysis and experiments, to investigate granular metal mixtures in mesoscale. In this study, a mesoscale simulation method, which follows the real morphology distribution, is introduced to investigate the shock compression behaviour of granular metal mixtures based on the mesoscale characteristics. Numerical studies on the compressive processes of typical granular metal mixtures were conducted in mesoscale. The relationship between particle velocity (U_p) and shock velocity (U_s), which is the bridge between mesoscale and macroscale, is established and validated against the experimental results. The influence of mesoscale characteristics of an Al–W-Binder granule metal mixture on the shock compression behaviour has been analyzed based on the simulation results. It has been shown that the simulation results correlate reasonably well with the corresponding experimental results. The numerical studies presented can be used to predict dynamic response of granular metal mixtures with different mesoscale characteristics over a wide range of pressure.     

弹体侵彻陶瓷/金属复合靶板问题的研究

针对弹体侵彻陶瓷/金属复合靶板的问题,将弹体的墩粗变形、陶瓷面板碎裂及陶瓷锥的形成变化和金属背板的变形结合起来,建立了可变形弹体垂直侵彻陶瓷/金属靶板的理论分析模型。利用大型非线性有限元程序LS-DYNA3D,对平头弹侵彻陶瓷/金属复合靶板的问题进行数值模拟,得到了陶瓷/金属复合靶板受弹体侵彻的变形过程。最后给出了典型位置的位移随时间的变化曲线,理论模型分析结果和数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,吻合很好。说明理论分析模型的正确性和数值模拟结果的可靠性,可以为复合靶板的设计提供有利依据。     

立方氮化硅的冲击波合成实验研究

以α-Si₃N₄粉体作原材料, 采用炸药爆轰平面飞片加载 装置和样品回收技术进行了冲击波合成实验, 完整回收到合成样品, 经过酸处理, 对回收样品进行X射线衍射分析, 结果表明: 当加载压力超过50GPa而且冲击温度约3600～5000K时, α-Si₃N₄可以较完全地转化为γ-Si₃N₄. 本实验的研究结果建立了一种冲击压缩技术可单次合成克量级的立方氮化硅, 为进一步开展立方氮化硅的性能研究奠定了基础.     

Strength Properties of Aluminum-Oxide Ceramics Prepared by the Additive Manufacturing Method under Shock-Wave Loading

Aluminum-oxide ceramic samples have been prepared by additive manufacturing with subsequent sintering. The Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength of the ceramics are determined by analyzing the full wave profiles of the samples recorded using a laser interferometer upon their shock compression with amplitudes of 6.8 and 13.8 GPa.     

冲击波在泡沫铝中的传播和衰减特性

用平面冲击波实验对相对密度为0.396的开孔泡沫铝的冲击波压缩特性进行了研究,采用PVDF传感器技术测量并分析了泡沫铝中的冲击波应力波形及其传播速度.在泡沫铝样品中不同位置处记录的应力波形显示随着在泡沫铝中传播距离的增加,冲击波应力峰值迅速衰减,归一化的冲击波应力峰值随传播距离呈指数关系变化,另外,冲击波的传播速度也随距离的增加而呈线性关系减慢.