碳四抽余液及炼厂碳四馏分液相加氢异构化研究

本工作研究了丁烯-1的加氢异构化反应。采用硫化了的Pd-Al_2O_3催化剂,以碳四抽余液和炼厂碳四馏分为原料,在液相中进行异构化反应,使丁烯-1转化为丁烯-2。对催化剂的硫化和还原温度、异构化反应工艺参数进行了系统的条件试验,并对原料中所含硫、水等杂质的影响进行了考察。在液体空速为25小时~(-1),反应器进口温度为25—65℃,反应压力为15公斤/厘米~2(表压),H_2/C_4(气)=2-3％的条件下,丁烯-1的转化率可达到理论平衡转化率,即94-96％,选择性93—95％,并可脱除原料中所含的炔烃和二烯烃。     

新型增塑剂二丙基庚醇生产原料—煤基碳四物料选择性加氢工艺的研究

介绍了关于新型增塑剂二丙基庚醇生产原料—煤基碳四物料选择性加氢工艺方法,通过采用专有选择性加氢催化剂结合两段加氢工艺的研究,不但保证二烯烃的脱除深度≤1ppm,丁烯-1收率≥99.5%的指标能满足大规模的工业化生产的需求。     

碳四烯烃制丙烯催化剂及其工业应用

研究碳四烯烃催化裂解制丙烯BOC-1催化剂的放大制备及其工业应用,详细介绍催化剂放大制备后实验室小试和工业应用评价结果。BOC-1催化剂在工业生产装置中运行和再生性能良好,丙烯单程收率28.5%,碳四烯烃转化率82.1%,催化剂使用周期17天,各项性能指标均超过洛阳炼化宏力化工有限责任公司的工业催化剂水平,适合进一步推广使用。建立由烯烃催化裂解、吸收稳定、气分、MTBE醚化和烷烃分离5个单元组成的碳四烯烃资源综合利用工艺流程,并使用VMGSim流程模拟软件进行模拟计算。结果表明,采用新工艺流程,碳四烯烃综合利用率99.3%,聚合级丙烯收率35.19%。     

碳三馏分选择加氢催化精馏及催化剂的研究

对碳三馏分选择加氢催化剂及工艺条件进行了研究,塔径100mm碳三催化精馏塔试验结果表明,含有3 17%(摩尔分数)丙炔和丙二烯的碳三馏分经过催化精馏加氢,塔顶碳三馏分中的炔烃、二烯烃可脱除至≤10μmol mol,丙烯收率≥102%。经262h考核,催化剂仍保持良好的活性和选择性。     

碳四烃类资源综合利用现状及展望

对抽余碳四烃的利用现状进行了综述,重点介绍了正丁烷、异丁烷、正丁烯、异丁烯,以及含炔碳四烃的利用现状。同时,对碳四烃的下游产品,特别是,乙烯和丙烯的生产工艺路线进行了对不分析。最后,对碳四烃类资源的综合利用进行了分析。     

碳四烯烃叠合技术及工业应用

国家乙醇汽油推广实施进展前提下,对碳四烯烃叠合技术、叠合催化剂研发及碳四烯烃叠合工业应用进行了详细介绍.     

碳四烯烃齐聚催化剂研究进展

综述了碳四烯烃齐聚反应中各类齐聚催化剂的研究进展情况,介绍了不同催化剂上碳四烯烃齐聚反应的机理,并对齐聚催化剂的发展方向进行了展望。开发出性能更加优异的催化剂,特别是通过对催化剂的微观结构和宏观性能的设计和调整,提高催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性等性能,是今后的主要研究方向,同时,开发资源利用率高、低投资和低生产成本的碳四烯烃齐聚工艺也非常关键。     

C4馏分中丁二烯选择性加氢镍基催化剂制备和应用

催化裂化装置产生的C4馏分中含有微量丁二烯,在后续加工过程中为有害杂质,需要除去,采用选择性加氢脱除二烯烃是一种有效的方法。研究了一种非负载型非贵金属镍基催化剂的制备方法,采用XRD、TEM、FT-IR和TG-DTG-DTA等考察催化剂制备条件对晶相结构及形貌特征的影响,并在高压固定床反应装置上考察催化剂对C₄馏分中丁二烯选择性加氢脱除的催化反应性能。结果表明,采用碱镍物质的量比为1.05和温度120 ℃条件下合成的镍催化剂前驱体,在90 ℃制备的催化剂性能最优。在氢压1.0 MPa、反应温度60 ℃、氢油体积比20和液时空速2.0 h^-1条件下,制备的镍基选择性加氢催化剂能将C₄馏分中低含量丁二烯烃完全脱除,具有良好的二烯烃选择性加氢活性。     

粗石脑油中二烯烃的选择性加氢脱除

预加氢反应单元作为重要的重整原料预处理单元,粗石脑油中的二烯烃属于高度不饱和烃,易在预加氢系统结焦,导致系统压降上升,催化剂堵孔失活,制约装置长周期平稳运行。本文选用国外2种典型的二烯烃加氢催化剂,采用选择性加氢技术,实现了二烯烃的深度脱除,从而抑制结焦反应,延长装置的整体开工时间。     

FO-35T催化汽油脱二烯烃催化剂实验室研究

通过FO-35T脱二烯烃催化剂在100mL小型评价试验,500mL小试物料平衡标定,证明该催化剂能够使催化裂化汽油中的二烯烃质量分数降低90%以上,总烯烃质量分数下降≯3%,研究法辛烷值RON降低≯1个单位,证明了F0-35T脱二烯烃催化剂良好的加氢选择脱二烯烃的性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。