基于重叠变换的CDMA Overlay系统窄带干扰抑制

研究了如何利用既有快速实现算法,又有良好滤波性能的重叠变换来分辨并抑制扩增信号中的窄带干扰。首先分析了重叠变换的工作原理,然后在此基础上设计基于重叠变换的窄带干扰抑制接收机,最后对该收机在CD－MA Overlay系统中抑制干扰的性能进行了仿真分析。     

CDMA系统下行链路的干扰抵消

CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统是一种采用多址技术的通信系统，即采用不同的地址码来区分用户、基站和信道。然而由于其在多径衰落信道中的自相关和互相关特性的不理想造成了多址干扰。在扩频通信系统的下行链路中，有效地抵消多址干扰是进一步改善系统性能和提高系统容量的重要途径。本文提出一种应用于CDMA下行链路的干扰抵消算法，分析了下行链路接收机的实现原理及过程，并对其中的关键算法进行了详细地分析，仿真结果表明，所选取的下行接收算法能改善系统的性能。     

The Performance of Space-Time Processing for Suppressing Narrowband Interference in CDMA Communications

The requirement to suppress narrowband interferences in CDMA communications stems from the overlay concept, i.e., coexistence of different types of signals in the same frequency band. The conventional approach to rejecting the narrowband interferences has been to whiten the received signal containing the interference, prior to spread spectrum demodulation. In this paper, it is proposed to achieve the interference rejection through spatial processing. The main benefit of this approach is its robustness with respect to the interference bandwidth. Stepping up from single domain spatial processing to space-time processing provides degrees of freedom for both overlay interference cancellation and diversity combining. Two space-time architectures, cascade and joint-domain, are studied and compared to a Rake receiver preceded by a whitening filter. Main contributions of the paper are the development of analytical expressions of (1) the efficiency of each method, (2) the p.d.f.'s of the output SNR in a Rayleigh fading environment, and (3) the error probability associated with each method. The analysis therein demonstrates that the joint-domain architecture outperforms the cascade configuration, which in turn is superior to the whitening filter-Rake combination.     

Interference Cancellation in CDMA Systems Using Spectral Redundancy

Most modulated signals are cyclostationary, which results in redundancy in the signal frequency spectrum. In this paper, the spectral redundancy which exists in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals is used in the receiver to improve performance. In particular, we employ a Frequency Shift-Decision Feedback Equalizer (FRESH-DFE) to exploit the cyclostationary. We show that FRESH-DFE is superior to conventional DFE in multiple access CDMA systems, including long code systems.     

A Beamspace-Time Blind RAKE Receiver for Sectored CDMA Systems

A beamspace-time (BT) RAKE receiver is proposed for multiple accessinterference (MAI) suppression and multipath diversity reception insectored wireless CDMA communications. The scheme involves three stages.First, a set of adaptive beamformers encompassing a prescribed angular sectoris constructed on an antenna array, each providing effective suppression ofout-of-sector MAI and reception of in-sector signal. Second, a set of adaptivecorrelators is attached to each beam to combat in-sector MAI. Finally, thebeamspace correlator output data are combined to capture the signal multipathscoherently.The above three-stage operation is performed in a blind mode inthat no training signal is needed. The only information required is the signature,timing and a rough estimate of the angle of arrival (AOA) of the desired signal.     

时分复接码分多址系统中预瑞克与空时编码技术

提出了一种适用于时分复接码分多址系统的发射分集，即预瑞克与空时格状编码调制相结合方案。采用预瑞在代替瑞克，在接收机中采用单径瑞克就可实现多径分集，可以简化接收机结构和节约费用。计算机仿真结果表明，在多径衰落下，所提出方案的性能比仅采用空时码好。在最小均方误差意义下预瑞克抽头数应与多径数相同。所提出新型星座图－8APK（振幅相位键控）可以用来构造了一个空时码，此空时码性能比由8PSK构造的具有相同结构的空时码好。     

A Low Complexity and Low Power SoC Design Architecture for Adaptive MAI Suppression in CDMA Systems

In this paper, we propose a reduced complexity and power efficient System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture for adaptive interference suppression in CDMA systems. The adaptive Parallel-Residue-Compensation architecture leads to significant performance gain over the conventional interference cancellation algorithms. The multi-code commonality is explored to avoid the direct Interference Cancellation (IC), which reduces the IC complexity from to . The physical meaning of the complete versus weighted IC is applied to clip the weights above a certain threshold so as to reduce the VLSI circuit activity rate. Novel scalable SoC architectures based on simple combinational logic are proposed to eliminate dedicated multipliers with at least saving in hardware resource. A Catapult C High Level Synthesis methodology is apply to explore the VLSI design space extensively and achieve at least speedup. Multi-stage Convergence-Masking-Vector combined with clock gating is proposed to reduce the VLSI dynamic power consumption by up to This paper was presented in part at IEEE ISCAS in Vancouver, Canada, May, 2004.     

MMSE RAKE Reception for Asynchronous DS/CDMA Overlay Systems and Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

In this work the authors introduce and analyze a detection scheme for simultaneous suppression ofmultiaccess and digital narrowband interference (NBI) for an asynchronousDS/CDMA system operatingover a frequency-selective fading channel. The proposed detector may possibly consider a processing interval greater than the bit-interval, andamounts to a RAKE structure, wherein each branch is designed under an MMSE optimization strategy, followedby a propercombining rule. It is shown that narrowband interference rejection entails ingeneral a time-varyingdetection structure. As to the performance assessment, we give closed-form formulas for the systemBit Error Rate (BER),Near-Far Resistance and Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR).Numerical results show that the proposed receiver proves effective in suppressing interference, and that itlargely outperforms conventional multiuser detectors which do not account forthe presence of theNBI, at the price of little complexity increase.Finally, we provide a blind adaptive implementation of the proposedreceiver, based on the exponentially weighted Recursive-Least-Squares (RLS)algorithm, andrequiring knowledge of the relevant parameters of the desired user only, andof the NBI signaling time.     

与窄带微波系统共享频段的CDMA系统性能分析

本文分析了与窄带微波系统共享频段的ＣＤＭＡ系统的误码性能，给出了ＤＳ／ＣＤＭＡ接收机使用一个多径判决反馈滤波器后的计算机模拟数值结果。     

Space-time optimum combining for CDMA communications

In this paper it is shown how spatial and temporal processing can be combined to increase the capacity of CDMA-based wireless communications systems. Degrees of freedom provided by space-time processing can be exploited to combat both fading and co-channel interference (the near-far effect). Specifically, we formulate and study the following methods: (1) space-time diversity, (2) cascade optimum spatial-diversity (RAKE) temporal, (3) cascade optimum spatial-optimum temporal, and (4) joint domain optimum processing. It is shown that, due to its interference cancellation capability, optimum combining provides significantly better performance than diversity processing. In particular, it is shown that in a typical CDMA scenario with two antennas, the joint domain optimum combining system provides at least a 25% increase in capacity over diversity processing. Optimum combining may be applied to compensate for imperfect power control of the signals received at the base station.     

Performance of Multiuser Detection in Multirate CDMA Systems

Multiuser detectors for asynchronous multirate code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems are considered. A multirate CDMA system model able to fit several system concepts in the same framework is presented. The performance of the multi-code (MC) system with one processing gain and the multiple processing gain (MPG) system is compared. Upper bounds for the expected value of the asymptotic multiuser efficiency of the decorrelating detector for a synchronous multirate CDMA system with three effective users are derived for a system with one and two processing gains. The numerical results show that the performance of the decorrelating detector for MC and MPG systems do not differ significantly. The bit error rates (BER) of the decorrelating, parallel interference canceler (PIC) and groupwise serial interference canceler (GSIC) with either PIC or decorrelator within the group are compared. The results show that the decorrelating and the GSIC detectors yield the best performance. For all interference cancellation schemes the BER saturates at high SNRs due to decision errors degrading the multiple-access interference (MAI) estimates.     

Interference cancellation for a multicellular CDMA environment

This paper considers the performance of adaptive interference cancellation applied to a CDMA microcellular environment, by employing a circular cell geometry and a closed form expression for the Bit Error Rate of a CDMA system with interference cancellation to analyze the effect of out-of-cell interference. Results are presented which indicate that out-of-cell interference will severely limit the benefits of interference cancellation in a multicellular system. Attempts to cancel all out-of-cell interference will further degrade performance. However, the use of selective interference cancellation in which only the strongest out-of-cell interferers are cancelled may result in significant performance enhancement. These results agree closely with those obtained using a hexagonal geometry.Portions of this paper have been presented at the PIMRC'95 conference in Toronto, Canada.     

一种低复杂度空-时选择性干扰消除方法

提出了一种行之有效的将智能天线技术同多用户检测技术结合的空-时接收方法,并对其参数进行了优化。它根据误码率信息有选择地实施干扰消除,先并行消除低误码率用户信号的影响,再检测高误码率用户信号。它复杂度低,计算效率高,易于实时实现,具有很好的应用价值。蒙特卡洛仿真实验表明,该方法可以显著改善码分多址移动通信系统的性能。     

多址干扰对消及多用户检测技术在CDMA系统中的作用

CDMA系统具有一系列的优点,这些优点使得CDMA技术在移动通信领域中所处的地位越来越重要.但在CDMA已经成为第三代移动通信主流技术的时候,还有许多关键技术要解决,其中最关键的就是要克服CDMA系统中多址干扰（MAI）的技术.本文介绍了多址干扰在CDMA系统中的成因,由此重点阐述了多址干扰对消及多用户检测技术在CDMA系统中的应用,并对他们的性能、局限性和应用环境做了分析和比较.     

The Complex Bootstrap Algorithm for Blind Separation of QAM Multiuser CDMA Signals

The bootstrap separator for multiuser signals is principally composed of cancelers, each one using the output of the other cancelers to facilitate control of its adaptive weight. In fact, such a structure performs as a signal separator rather than an interference canceler. Since for its separation there is no need for a reference signal (as in LMS cancelers), it is sometimes justifiably called a Blind Separator. However, for its operation the bootstrap separator requires a signal distinguisher termed discriminator. The algorithm was used in the past in applications such as dually polarized satellite communications and microwave terrestrial links. It was particularly reported for multiuser CDMA signal separating, with the signum function as discriminator. Especially for QAM signals, complex presentation is important. Therefore, we will concentrate in this report on what we call the Complex Bootstrap Algorithm. It is an extension to the previously reported bootstrap structure of [5]. We will examine its performance and emphasize the hardware saving in its implementation, and the ease of using it in simulation.     

Selective partial PIC for wireless CDMA communications

This paper deals with a cancellation multiuser detector for CDMA communication systems. The proposed receiver, defined as selective partial parallel interference cancellation (SP‐PIC), is supposed to be used at the end of an up‐link channel characterized by multipath fading phenomena. The SP‐PIC main feature is to perform a weighted selective cancellation of the co‐channel interfering signals according to the received power level. With respect to other approaches, the proposed detector exhibits an improved bit error rate (BER) and a low computational complexity, linear with the number of users. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CDMA系统中时空综合干扰抑制的约束优化模型及其神经网络实现

本文提出了CDMA系统中抑制多址干扰(MAI)和码片间干扰(ICI)的利用智能天线和RAKE接收相结合的时空综合干扰抑制器的约束优化模型,导出了迫零均衡条件,探讨了其神经网络实现问题,并对综合干扰抑制器的性能进行了分析.     

导频符号辅助干扰删除多用户检测器的研究

根据宽带码分多址（ ＷＣＤＭＡ） 系统的特点,提出并分析了一种导频符号辅助干扰删除多用户检测器（ＰＳＡＩＣ）,分析结果表明,该方法充分利用了ＷＣＤＭＡ系统中的帧结构,在不增加物理信道的情况下,实现接收信号的相干解调,并与多址干扰删除器相连,可以大大提高系统的性能,增加系统的容量,当干扰删除器的级数为２ 时,其性能有较大的改善,复杂度也不高     

频谱有效的差分空时编码CDMA系统

该文针对码分多址(Code-Division Multiple-Access,CDMA)系统提出了频谱有效的差分空时传输方案。考虑包含M个同步共道用户的多用户环境,每一用户配备双发射天线。若接收端配备N2个接收天线,该方案将采用解相关检测器和接收天线分集分离M个用户。基于平坦Rayleigh衰落信道,给出了非相干译码器,它可为每一共道用户提供2(N-1)的最小分集增益。与已有的差分空时编码CDMA系统相比,该方案具有两大优势:第一,仅需增加单个接收天线,该方案可在频谱效率提高1/3的条件下显著地改善系统性能;第二,译码仅具有线性复杂度。     

Overlaying CDMA Systems with Interference Differentials

In the future wideband CDMA cellular systems, services with different data rates, Quality of Service requirements, and power constraints will coexist in a cell. Multiband CDMA may be used to accommodate these heterogeneous service requirements by overlaying the subbands containing different services within the same spectrum band. In this paper we will derive the capacity of multiband CDMA systems in terms of the number of users in each service class, and the corresponding bandwidth utilization. Both reverse and forward links are analyzed. The effects of imperfect power control, other cell interference, and soft handoff are considered. The performance results are compared with the single-band system where all services share the entire system bandwidth.