(Un)related variety and employment growth at the sub‐regional level

Empirical results on the link between growth and diversity in (un)related industries proved to be highly dependent on the specific regional, temporal and econometric context. Using highly disaggregated employment data at the sub‐regional level, we find that higher employment growth in Austria is mainly linked to unrelated variety. However, in‐depth analyses by sectors and regional regimes illustrate substantial heterogeneity in the results, with services and a large number of relatively small non‐urban regions driving the overall results. Thus, our findings argue against structural policy conclusions based on assessments neglecting the specific sectoral and regional context.     

The impact of higher education on Texas population and employment growth

Theories of human interactions suggest population growth is influenced by the extent of knowledge. Examining the population (and employment) growth rates of all 254 Texas counties over the 1990–2000 and 1980–1990 decades as dependent variables, the share of population with college degree or higher has a greater impact on growth more recently. The instrumental variables treatment of human capital with age and race characteristics leads to differences at the top end of education explaining population growth across Texas. These results are very robust to several control variables including demographic, migration, and regional factors.     

The employment impact of demographic change: A regional analysis

The central concern of this article is with measurement of the economic impact of demographic change at a regional level. To facilitate this, a method is developed which involves the linking together of two hitherto separate analytical techniques: labour market accounts and extended input-output models. The application of the method is demonstrated by reference to three UK regions – West Midlands, Merseyside, and East Anglia – with contrasting demographic and economic histories over the time intervals 1971–1981 and 1981–1991. The employment impact of consumption derived from demographic change is measured in relation to individual elements of the labour market account and comparisons are made with the effects of economic change over the same time periods. Received: 27 February 1997 / Accepted: 5 March 1998     

The growth impact of the metropolitan statistical area designation

The federal Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB) periodic releases of updated metropolitan statistical area (MSA) definitions garner significant attention from local economic development professionals and policymakers. This paper tests the hypothesis that the MSA designation influences local growth, using OMB designations released since 1980 and data on per capita personal income, population, and employment. We find little evidence that the MSA designation influences long-term employment or per capita income growth. However, we do find evidence suggestive of a short-run impact on employment growth and more significant impacts on population growth. Hammond would like to thank Justin Ross and Anthony Gregory for excellent research assistance on this paper.     

Spatial impact of factors influencing the achievement of the Europa2020 employment targets

In this paper, autologistic models are used to examine the impact of certain factors on the likelihood of European regions' ability to meet the employment target for both men and women for the year 2017 in 270 EU regions at NUTS 2 level. The results show the role of both regional and gender differences in forming spatial clusters, as well as the presence of spatial interaction in achievement of the target. Moreover, meeting the European strategy's education target and increasing a region's GDP levels also have a positive impact on achieving the targets. These findings may be of interest for the implementation of socio-economic policies at a regional level, aimed at raising the employment rate for men and women in European regions.     

The impact of digital technology usage on economic growth in Africa

This study analyses the impact of the use of digital technology on economic growth for 39 African countries from 2012 to 2016. This analysis applies a system GMM estimator to understand the extent to which the usage of digital technology facilitates growth using a measure of digitalisation from the Networked Readiness Index. Unlike previous research, we distinguish between the impact of individual, business, and government ICT usage on growth and show that only individual usage has a positive impact. Furthermore, a disaggregated analysis of the types of usage reveals that two indicators, social media and the importance of ICTs to government vision, are significant for growth.     

建筑市场监管探索创新的实践与发展趋势

当前,我国仍处于建设高峰期,落实科学发展观和构建社会主义和谐社会、市场经济体制改革的不断深入以及转变政府职能都对建筑市场监管工作提出了新的要求。建筑市场监管应适应形势的发展,创新机制,转变方式,提高水     

商品住宅价格影响因素的相关度分析

本文首先对影响商品住宅价格因素进行分析,在此基础上把这些因素量化,建立了影响价格因素的指标体系。然后以西安为例分析各指标与房价的相关度并找出那些与房价显著正相关的指标,并对其进行分析,从而使人们了解影响商品住宅价格高低的因素,对相关方面控制合理房价也有一定参考作用。     

绿色房产创新战略的思考

为落实国家倡导的绿色建筑战略，提出立足本地，设计先行，应用前沿科技来创新绿色房产的战略思路。     

基于空间重塑的创意街区城市设计

介绍了创意街区的内涵,以成都市东郊记忆为例,从内部格局、外部形态、交通、沿街立面等角度,对街区空间形态进行了分析,并论述了街区的优点及存在的问题,提出了创意街区的开发途径,以期为创意街区的发展提供参考。     

室内设计创新之路

现代建筑之所以永远走在建筑整体发展的前列,体现了建筑文化发展的时代脉搏,因为它的基本原则是:运用新材料、新技术,满足新功能需要.设计创新问题的研究应立足于现有设计水平的提高,强化建筑与室内设计基本意识观念,提高现代设计理论知识水平,从国外现代室内设计发展过程中吸取营养,创造出更多具有中国特色的作品.     

The impact of heat and water stress conditions on the growth of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas

Pot experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses and mulch amendment on Jatropha in sand dune soil under three conditions: glasshouse, shade house and open area. Plants were irrigated with freshwater and diluted seawater adjusted to two levels of electrical conductivity- 3 and 6 dS m^-1. The results showed that experimental conditions remarkably affected the evapo-transpiration rate, soil moisture, salts accumulation and plant biomass production. Low temperature (23°C) conditions exhibited highest plant growth and soil moisture and lowest salts deposition. Plants showed no symptoms of heat stress in the glasshouse. The shade house and the open area profoundly reduced plant biomass and water content in the soil. Compared to the control, the mulch amended treatments had sufficient water for plant growth even in the high temperature of the open area. High salt content was found in salinity treated pots but the salinity level did not reduce Jatropha growth. Salt accumulated in the salinity treated pots helped retain more water, reduced the temperature and provided nutrients to the plants, with results which were almost similar to those from the mulch effect. The temperature conditions of the shade house and the open area (max>40°C) caused substantial water loss and induced death of plants. Jatropha is a succulent and drought tolerant plant and a close irrigation interval is not the best option for Jatropha growth. But, organic amendment is needed when there is a big loss of soil water due to heat stress condition.     

现代艺术的创作思想对现代景观设计的影响

现代艺术与现代景观设计虽然处于不同的领域,但却属于同一层面的行为模式,它们是彼此互动,同构发展的。本文结合大量实例深入剖析了现代艺术的创作思想对现代景观设计的影响,探讨了现代景观设计的发展方向。     

The urban knowledge economy and employment growth: a spatial structural equation modeling approach

Many European governments have been stimulating their urban economies by focusing on knowledge economy potentials of metropolitan regions, especially R&D-based indicators. We analyze employment growth in terms of conventional determinants—investments, wages, income, and specialization indices of industrial, distribution and business services activities—and three latent knowledge economy components (density of knowledge workers, R&D and innovativeness) for the Netherlands based on a sample of 496 municipalities. We apply a structural equation model (SEM) made up of a measurement model that relates the latent knowledge economy components to their observable indicators and a structural model that estimates the impacts of the determinants on employment growth. In addition to the conventional determinants and the knowledge economy components, the SEM accounts for spatial spillover effects, degree of urbanization and core-periphery dichotomy. The latent variables ‘density of knowledge workers’ and ‘innovativeness’ have significant and strong impacts. Since they are more common in larger than smaller urban agglomerations, we conclude that the impacts of these variables on employment growth are stronger in the former than the latter. The latent variable ‘R&D-intensity’ is not significantly, positively related to urban employment growth. This suggests that policy should emphasize innovation output and knowledge workers density rather than R&D to capture urban growth potentials in the knowledge economy.     

Unpacking the U-shaped relationship between related variety and firm sales: Evidence from Japan

The purpose of this paper is to study how related variety influences firm sales. We apply an instrumental variable method (as well as the most recent plausible instrumental variable method in robustness tests) to analyze more than 600,000 firm observations in all of Japan's 47 prefectures. We find that related variety, as a kind of regional industrial structure, has a U-shaped relationship with firm sales. This finding enriches the related variety perspective by supplementing micro-level evidence, revealing that the “related variety–firm sales” relationship is not linear, as most prior studies have suggested.     

谈现代景观的创意设计

对现代景观创意设计进行了分析和研究,从现代景观的概念、类型、设计元素等方面进行了论述,提出了在现代景观创意设计中园路、铺装、水景与植物等设计要素的具体实践方法,具有一定的可行性和指导意义。