建筑企业工程项目管理探讨

针对施工企业项目管理的现状,从加强项目经理管理层选任、将合同签订与项目评估结合起来、优化配置项目人力资源、进行外带劳务管理、加强成本管理等方面探讨了如何加强建筑企业工程项目管理,以提高企业的经济效益和社会效益。     

网络计划在建筑装饰施工中的应用

网络计划是一种科学的施工计划,又是一种最有效的施工管理方法。它的优点是把施工过程中各有关工作组成一个有机的整体,能全面而明确地反映各类工作之间的相互制约和依赖关系。它是确保工程施工进度,降低工程成本、节省劳力、保证工期,提高经济效益的有力武器。装饰施工是一项十分繁杂的施工过程,而发挥网络计划的特长,就能在错综复杂的计划中找出影响施工进度的关键点。网络计划是一种表达方法,本文举实例加以说明,就可以清楚地看出网络计划是如何制定的。     

Theoretical comparison of alternative delivery systems for projects in unpredictable environments

A project delivery process simulation is presented based upon empirical studies in the design‐build environment of semiconductor fabrication facilities (‘fabs’). The model captures key tasks and decisions in design, procurement and construction, as well as design criteria changes along the delivery of a R&D fab utility system. Simulation shows that to involve the specialty contractor from the project start on average expedites project delivery since it prevents delays caused by bidding and by contractors' unfamiliarity with the design product definition. Yet, in unpredictable project environments – environments in which design criteria are likely to change irrespectively of the project progress status – simulation reveals that the averages of construction rework and waste increase if design is prematurely frozen. Assuming that work methods do not change and design criteria remain uncertain, results indicate that a system that combines early contractor involvement with judicious postponement of the design start reduces the average duration of the fab utility delivery in relation to the expected duration if competitive bidding was used, with limited increase in the averages of construction rework and waste. Additional efficiency is gained when specialty contractors relax conservative assumptions on anticipated site conditions. An economic model uses simulation results to assess the tradeoffs between alternative project delivery systems for the case of R&D fabs.     

浅谈施工阶段的价值管理

简要阐述了施工中运用价值管理的原理和方法，对价值管理在施工阶段的应用做一介绍，通过有效的价值管理，对不同施工方案的技术进行经济分析、评价，进而选出最佳施工方案，降低建筑产品的活劳动及物料消耗，最终达到提高项目经济效益的目的。     

工程造价定额人工费用单价问题探索

定额人工单价主要包括基本工资、辅助性工资和工资附加。从济南市的实际情况来看,定额人工单价的增幅小于当地最低工资标准,且建筑工程定额人工单价远低于实际人工单价。本文认为造成定额人工单价和实际人工单价脱节的主要原因在于劳动时间、生产效率、作业内容、工程取费、员工属性等方面的差异。因此造价主管部门应提高定额人工日耗量、调整人工成本信息内容、重视劳动定额和基础定额的修订、发布人工单价测算信息。     

Labor market behavior in Washington: A cointegration approach

This study found a long run equilibrium relationship among population, labor force participation rate and employment, in which population is positively related to employment and negatively related to labor force participation rate. We proved that employment growth from new business investment causes increase in population in the state of Washington in spite of its beautiful environment and amenities. The causality does not operate in reverse way. We decomposed the time series into stationary components and non-stationary components and interpreted each component on the basis of historical economic condition of Washington. The response of the labor force participation rate to an impulse in employment supports Bartik's (1993) and Yeo and Holland's (2004) findings. Obviously the result is the opposite of Blanchard and Katz's (1992) finding that the long-run effect of job growth on the labor force participation rate is negligible. With regard to the party who benefits from job growth, we suspect that most of new jobs are captured by in-migrants because the pattern of the stationary component of employment and net migration is quite similar and the impulse response of population is significantly higher than that of employment.     

我国建筑业细分产业结构现状实证研究

将劳务分包业、工程服务类产业囊括进建筑业范围内,建立建筑业细分产业分类体系,选取2011~2013年细分产业营业收入、企业个数、从业人数3项指标对建筑业细分产业结构进行实证分析,并建立偏离—份额模型探求细分产业经济增长速度。结果发现,房屋建筑业是建筑业经济增长的主要推动力;劳务分包业发展薄弱;工程服务类细分产业中,工程监理业、招标代理业、造价咨询业经济规模小、盈利水平低,阻碍了建筑业的整体发展,勘察设计业则盈利高、增速快,发展势头良好。     

散热盘管楼层流态发泡水泥垫层泵送施工低温热水辐射地暖研究

散热盘管楼层流态发泡水泥垫层泵送施工低温热水辐射地暖属于建筑节能新技术,是通过地面以辐射的传热方式向室内供热的一种供暖方式,解决了水泥发泡地暖散热盘管工艺复杂、土建与安装各工种施工协调困难,工序穿插相互干扰,易出现地面面层开裂、严重裂缝和暖管渗漏等问题。实现了安装和土建的一体化施工,提高了劳动效率和工程质量,延长了工程的使用寿命,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

The nature and prevalence of inter-organizational project ventures: Evidence from a large scale field study in the Netherlands 2006-2009

There has recently been noted a rapid increase in research attention to projects that involve outside partners. Our knowledge of such inter-organizational projects, however, is limited. This paper reports large scale data from a repeated trend survey amongst 2000 SMEs in 2006 and 2009 that focused on inter-organizational project ventures. Our major findings indicate that the overall prevalence of inter-organizational project ventures remained significant and stable over time, even despite the economic crisis. Moreover, we find that these ventures predominantly solve repetitive rather than unique tasks and are embedded in prior relations between the partnering organizations. These findings provide empirical support for the recent claims that project management should pay more attention to inter-organizational forms of project organization, and suggest that the archetypical view of projects as being unique in every respect should be reconsidered. Both have important implications for project management, especially in the area of project-based learning.     

大直径扩底短桩单桩承载力试验

某高层建筑的地基持力层分布均匀且埋藏较浅、土层厚度较小,而持力层下部又有较好的土层,经方案比选,决定采用大直径扩底短桩,并通过静载荷试验进行了验证,验证结果表明,试验结果与计算值基本一致,设计是合理可行的。     

城市反哺乡村的必要性及可行性分析

中国正经历前所未有的经济快速增长,大面积的土地工业化、城市化,乡村剩余劳动力被城市化的同时导致乡村的边缘化。城市化进程中,乡村不仅为城市人口提供基础农产品,更是提供大量的劳动力,为城市化做出巨大的贡献。在城乡关系中,城市处于相对受益的一方,在城市化率已突破50%的今天,除了经济增长,对于社会、文化的关注进一步提升,乡村对于城市化所做出的贡献与牺牲有必要置于城乡均衡发展的关系中予以认识,本文基于这种认识,分析城市反哺乡村的条件并初步论述其可行性。     

工程项目质量管理与控制

分析了施工项目质量管理的原则,从劳动主体、劳动对象、劳动方法、劳动手段、施工环境方面阐述了施工项目质量控制的要素,指出要把工程质量管理好,必须有一个健全、有效的质量控制管理体制.     

控制沉降真空预压停泵的标准研究

通过真空联合堆载预压处理软基的现场试验，对控制停泵的标准（即沉降速率〈5mm／月）进行分析。结果表明：该标准显然过于严格，难以达到；即使能够达到造价也过高，因此也是难以应用的。综合考虑软土卸载再加载压缩变形特性和超载引起软土超固结性，在卸载标准上进行修正，推求出实际施工停泵前允许沉降速率。     

浅谈加强施工企业工程项目成本控制

结合工程实践经验,从降低人工费开支、降低材料设备成本、降低现场管理费用、控制成本开支等方面阐述了加强施工企业工程项目成本控制的方法和途径,以提高施工企业的经济效益,从而提高企业的市场竞争力。     

Integrated AEC Information Services Using Object Methods and a Central Project Model

A new paradigm is presented in which designers, contractors, and suppliers process project information, which is stored in a central project model, by using application routines provided on–line as object–oriented methods instead of stand–alone applications. Commercial project management Web site companies can provide the service through application methods tightly coupled with a project model. The development and use of such "intelligent" object sets is exemplified by the use of intelligent parametric templates (IPT) in three sample applications: for RC slab design, formwork design, and labor monitoring. The research requirements relating to the proposed paradigm are discussed, in light of the experience gained in development of the IPTs. The paradigm offers a technical and economic alternative to the development of industry–wide building project models.     

门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构厂房的加固设计

门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构的受力模型与实际受力情况比较吻合 ,因而能够在设计中充分利用材料的承载特性 ;同时 ,其安全储备相对较低 ,如果在使用过程中外部荷载或作用发生变化 ,则刚架很容易处于不安全的状态而必须进行加固。通过一个工程实例的加固设计介绍了轻钢结构门式刚架厂房的加固设计方法。     

The economics of an Upper Yukon basin power development scheme

Conclusions What this discussion shows is that the cooperation of the United States and Canada in this development could lead not only to a least-cost solution in engineering terms, but also to a least-cost solution in economic terms. Full advantage could be taken of the existing differential in labor and capital costs. Without such cooperation development of the project does not appear feasible, while with it both countries could possibly obtain a source of energy priced low enough to be competitive in their major southern power markets. In addition, the availability of very low-priced at-site power would be conducive to economic development both in South Eastern Alaska and in the adjacent, mineral-rich areas of the Yukon and British Columbia. A good case, therefore, can be made for a joint approach to the harnessing of the Yukon River headwaters.The author, Gunter Schramm, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, is indebted to the late Ayers Brinser, Lyle E. Craine, Saul Hymans, Lee R. Martin, Stephen H. Spurr and Gaff Wilensky who read earlier drafts of this paper and made valuable suggestions.     

动力机械泵在凝结水回收系统的应用

介绍了用于凝结水回收的动力机械泵结构及工作原理。结合凝结水回收工程实例,分析了动力机械泵的经济性及运行效果。动力机械泵的经济性优于传统凝结水回收系统,运行稳定,故障率低。     

定额人工单价动态测算模型研究

现今定额人工单价与市场人工单价相比偏低,定额人工单价需要进行动态调整已成共识。从建筑市场消耗量标准降低、建筑劳动力市场供求失衡和农民工福利意识有待提高等方面分析了进行定额人工单价动态调整的原因,比较了5 个地区定额人工单价动态调整的方法,借鉴最低工资标准测算模型提出了调整定额人工单价动态测算模型。并针对动态测算模型的应用提出了相关政策建议,以期定额人工单价与市场价更好接轨,为政府造价部门编制计价依据提供参考和借鉴。