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Brittle material removal fraction (BRF) is defined as the area fraction of brittle material removed on machined surface. In the present study, a novel theoretical model of BRF was proposed based on indentation profile caused by intersecting of lateral cracks. The proposed model is related to surface roughness and the subsurface damage (SSD) depth of optical glass during precision grinding. To investigate the indentation profile, indentation tests of K9 optical glass were conducted using single random-shape diamond grains. The experimental results indicate that the indentation profile is an exponent function. To verify the proposed BRF model, BRF, surface roughness and SSD depth of K9 optical glasses were investigated by a series of grinding experiments with different cutting depths. The experimental results show that BRF is dependent on surface roughness and SSD depth. The relationship between BRF, surface roughness and SSD depth is in good accordance with the proposed theoretical model. The proposed BRF model is a reasonable approach for estimating surface roughness and SSD depth during precision grinding of optical glass.  相似文献   

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Using vibration-assisted grinding to reduce subsurface damage   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
This paper discusses a technique for reducing subsurface damage and/or increasing material removal rate (MRR) in ceramics grinding. An indentation damage model shows that intermittent unloading can produce a lateral crack before the median crack fully develops. It shows that upon reloading, the lateral crack shields against further median crack penetration. Furthermore, intermittent unloading produces shielding even for oblique indentation events and intermediate locations of lateral cracks. Single-grit scratch tests provide experimental validation of the beneficial effects of intermittent unloading. A magnetostrictive actuator modulated the workpiece to create the intermittent unloading. Simulation studies predict that force per grit can be doubled under modulated conditions without an increase in normal damage in the finished workpiece. Our experimental observations show a 62% increase in MRR with minimal associated increase in depth of penetration of the median crack. Alternatively, the experimental results also show that modulations could be used to reduce the depth of median crack penetration by 24% at the same MRR. In addition, we observed that damage depth increases with an increase in the ratio of cutting speed to modulation frequency. Finally, both depth of cut modulation and cutting direction modulation were effective in reducing subsurface damage.  相似文献   

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光学材料磨削的亚表面损伤预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于压痕断裂力学理论,建立了工件表面粗糙度与亚表层损伤深度的理论关系模型,用于预测磨削加工脆性光学材料引起的亚表层损伤深度.利用磁流变角度抛光技术检测了不同磨削加工工艺条件下亚表层的损伤深度,验证了理论模型的正确性.分析了加工工艺参数对工件表面粗糙度及亚表层损伤深度的影响规律,提出了提高材料去除率的磨削加工工艺方案.分析结果表明:脆性材料工件的亚表层损伤深度与工件的表面粗糙度呈非线性单调递增关系.工件亚表层损伤深度及工件表面粗糙度均随着切削深度和进给速度的增加而增加,随着主轴转速的增加而减小.对比实验结果与理论模型预测结果表明,提出的模型可以准确、无损伤地的预测磨削加工引起的工件亚表层损伤深度.  相似文献   

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秦娜  郑亮  刘亚龙  孔春雷 《光学精密工程》2017,25(10):2714-2724
分别采用截面抛光法(包括以硅片作陪衬与以聚酯作陪衬两种形式)和界面黏接法检测了反应烧结碳化硅(Reaction Bonded SiC,RB-SiC)旋转超声磨削加工的亚表面损伤。为确定其中的最佳检测形式,采用表面破碎层深度、最大破碎层深度、平均裂纹深度、最大裂纹深度4个亚表面损伤评价指标对两种方法分别检测到的RB-SiC旋转超声磨削亚表面损伤进行对比分析。结果显示:截面抛光法(硅片作陪衬)检测到的4个指标值依次为3.30μm、6.59μm、8.64μm、17.44μm;截面抛光法(聚酯作陪衬)检测到的4个指标值依次为5.71μm、14.33μm、15.36μm、54.82μm;而界面黏接法检测到的4个指标值依次为9.19μm、19.45μm、13.04μm、32.20μm。试验结果表明,截面抛光法(硅片作陪衬)检测的精度更高,检测的亚表面损伤更符合实际情况。最后,基于此方法,对旋转超声磨削RB-SiC材料的亚表面损伤特征进行了总结。  相似文献   

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T. Mathia  B. Encrenaz 《Wear》1981,73(1):73-77
Observations of microfracturing around scratches have established that the microfracturing is similar to that which occurs beneath a quasi-static pointed indentation but only for a constant load. Increasing and decreasing the load cycle revealed residual stress depending on the scratching velocity and the environment. The three-dimensional analysis is appropriate because lateral cracks occur ahead of the scratching point. The traditional concept of volumetric loss of material for two-body abrasion based only on a material property such as the hardness or the stress intensity factor seems to be insufficient and the “history” of deformation needs to be considered.  相似文献   

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磁流变抛光消除磨削亚表面损伤层工艺研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
针对传统光学制造技术对亚表面控制局限性和磁流变抛光的特点,提出用磁流变抛光替代研磨工序直接衔接磨削工序的新工艺流程。采用自研的磁流变抛光机床KDMRF−1000和水基磁流变抛光液KDMRW-2进行了磁流变抛光去除磨削亚表面损伤层的实验研究。直径为100mm的K9材料平面玻璃,经过156min的磁流变粗抛,去除50um深度的亚表面损伤层,表面粗糙度Ra值提升至0.926nm,经过17.5min磁流变精抛,去除了200nm深度的材料,并消除磁流变粗抛产生的抛光纹路,表面粗糙度Ra值提升至0.575nm。应用磁流变抛光可以高效消除磨削产生的亚表面损伤层。磁流变抛光替代研磨工序直接衔接磨削工序的新工艺流程可以实现近零亚表面损伤和纳米精度抛光两个工艺目标。  相似文献   

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砂带磨削广泛应用于工业领域,由于其与工件的柔性接触及砂带磨粒分布的非均匀性,导致砂带磨削中材料去除率难以从理论上精准预估,直接影响砂带磨削效率及其质量控制。基于此提出一种基于火花图像信息的砂带磨削材料去除率识别方法,给出了火花图像的分割处理算法,建立了火花图像的颜色、亮度、面积及轮廓特征的量化特征模型,基于皮尔逊系数分析了火花图像特征与砂带磨削材料去除率之间的相关性,分别建立了基于火花图像单特征的线性回归预测模型和基于支持向量回归(SVR)算法的多特征回归预测模型,采用最大误差、均方差及决定系数作为模型的评价参数,结果表明基于径向基核函数的多特征SVR模型的具有较高的预测精度,决定系数可达0.976。所提出的方法为砂带磨削材料去除率的有效控制提供了一种新途径。  相似文献   

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光学硬脆材料固结磨料研磨中的亚表面损伤预测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研磨过程中亚表面损伤层深度的正确预测是研磨工艺参数制定的重要依据。针对固结磨料的研磨特点,选择两种典型光学硬脆材料(镁铝尖晶石和石英玻璃),采用离散元仿真技术,分别建立了两种材料的二维离散元模型,分析了工艺参数对光学硬脆材料亚表面损伤(裂纹)层深度的影响。而后,采用角度抛光法测量了镁铝尖晶石和石英玻璃的亚表面损伤层深度,进行了实验验证。结果表明:采用固结磨料研磨时,磨粒粒径对光学硬脆材料亚表面损伤的影响相当显著,在相同研磨工艺条件下,随着磨粒粒径的增大,亚表面损伤层深度和微裂纹密集程度明显增加。离散元仿真结果与实验结果的对比表明:采用离散元技术可以对光学硬脆材料的亚表面损伤深度进行快速有效的预测,从而为后续的研磨抛光工艺提供参考与指导。  相似文献   

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The dependence of the rate of material removal from glass and fused silica specimens on the carrier fluid used in free abrasive grinding was observed and other abrasion parameters, i.e. surface roughness, bed thickness and drag force, were measured. The similarity between the damage produced by silicon carbide particles during free abrasive grinding and that found after indentation with a sharp point encouraged the formulation of a rotation/ indentation model of abrasion. This semi-quantitative model showed good agreement with the experimental data.  相似文献   

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The relative significance of corrosive and abrasive wear in ore grinding is discussed. Laboratory marked ball wear tests were carried out with magnetic taconite and quartzite under different conditions, namely dry, wet and in the presence of an organic liquid. The effect of different modes of aeration and of pyrrhotite addition on the ball wear using mild steel, high carbon low alloy steel and austenitic stainless steel balls was evaluated. Results indicate that abrasive wear plays a significant role in ore grinding in the absence of sulfides, and rheological properties of the ore slurry influenced such wear. The effect of oxygen on corrosive wear becomes increasingly felt in the presence of a sulfide mineral such as pyrrhotite. Wear characteristics of the three types of ball materials under different grinding conditions are illustrated.  相似文献   

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Single point grinding was investigated by using a sliding indentation apparatus. Sharp indenter sliding against brittle solid produces a scratch with a median crack. The size of the crack depends on the applied indenter load and the sliding speed. The effect of the crack size and its orientation on bending strength of glass is investigated experimentally. It is shown that the tested glass has high bending strength when the indenter load is low, bending direction is parallel to the scratch, and sliding speed is low. The results of bending test are predictable by fracture mechanics analysis including residual stress effect. This study makes it possible to understand the influence of grinding conditions on the bending strength of ground ceramics.  相似文献   

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A method is proposed for calculating the temperatures at the surface of the workpiece and within its interior on grinding by abrasive wheels of different design (discontinuous, composite, or hybrid wheels). On that basis, the temperature fields in the cutting zone are calculated.

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The proposed work addresses the problem of placing safety stock under the guaranteed-service model when a set of supplying, manufacturing and delivery stages model the production system. Every stage has a set of options that can perform the stage and every option has an associated cost and time. Hence, the problem is to select an option per stage that minimises the safety stock and lead time at the same time. We proposed solving the problem using two swarm intelligent meta-heuristics, Ant Colony and Intelligent Water Drop, because of their results in solving NP-hard problems such as the safety stock problem. In our proposed algorithm, swarms are created and each one selects an option per stage with its safety stock and lead time. After that, the Pareto Optimality Criterion is applied to all the configurations to compute a Pareto front. A real-life logistic network of the automotive industry is solved using our proposed algorithm. Finally, we provided some multi-objective performance metrics to assess the performance of our approach and carried out a statistical analysis to support our conclusions.  相似文献   

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Physicochemical wear in grinding is due to the intense interaction of the abrasive and the blank. A system of chemical-affinity coefficients is proposed for abrasive and machined materials, characterizing the intensity of the physicochemical processes in the contact zone.  相似文献   

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