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1.
Nonstoichiometric , which exhibits a metallic behavior, was obtained by heating an insulating Gd2S3 at various temperatures under a vacuum. Electrical and magnetic properties of the samples obtained have been investigated from 4.2 K to 300 K. A maximum in resistivity was observed in the curve of resistivity vs. temperature. The temperature TP, at which the maximum emerged, was very close to the Curie temperature TC for the sample. An increase in resistivity at TP, Δ?, is proportional to ?P exp (), where ?P is the resistivity obtained by the extrapolation from the linear portion to TP in the ? vs. T curve. Using the relationship obtained, a model based on the formation of magnetic polaron was proposed for this system. 相似文献
2.
The ultimate compressive strength, , Young's modulus, E, and the integrated thermal conductivity kT1–T2, of bone have been measured between 20 and 80 K. The two figures of merit indicating the quality for transmission of forces to low temperature apparatus are determined as , and E/k4–77 = 3.5 ± 0.2 Gs m?2. According to these figures bone is comparable or superior to the best glass-fibre composites. Some observations on creep strength are added. 相似文献
3.
Europium orthoborate and strontium orthoborate crystallize in the rhombohedral system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions , αR=85.17° for Eu3B2O6, and , αR=85.00° for Sr3B2O6. The equivalent hexagonal lattice parameters are , , and , respectively. Eu3B2O6 appears to be ferromagnetic below 7.5K. 相似文献
4.
5.
The influence of melt composition and growth temperature Tg on the growth-induced magnetic anisotropy constant Kgu in Bi substituted LPE ferrimagnetic garnet films has been investigated. In films grown from Bi2O3 based and from based melts the value of Kgu increased upon decreasing Tg, associated with an increasing incorporation of B1. However, at given Bi content the films grown from Bi2O3 based fluxes generally exhibited smaller values of Kgu than those from based melts. The addition of small amounts of Ca2+ to the Bi2O3 based melts resulted in (Y,Bi)-garnet films changing from n- to p-type electrical conductivity at a minimum value of Kgu. Additions of Si4+ to a based melt reduced the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of La-YIG-Ga films accompanied by a change from p- to n-type conductivity. Similarly, (Gd,Bi)-garnet films from based melts changed from n- to p-type conductivity upon decreasing Tg where Kgu changes sign from negative to positive. From the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity the electron and hole concentrations in some of these films were estimated suggesting that the sign change of Kgu in the investigated (Gd,Bi)-garnet films and the minimum of Kgu in the investigated (Y,Bi)-garnet films and (La,Y)-garnet films occur at donor-acceptor compensation. This experimental evidence led us to conclude that the growth induced magnetic anisotropy may be correlated with the presence of donor and acceptor centers in the garnet structure. 相似文献
6.
The composition of bubble garnet films has been analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP) to determine the distribution coefficients for different growth conditions. Under typical growth conditions, the distribution coefficients, k, of each element are as follows: kY = 2.15, kSm = 1.56, kLu = 1.32, kCa = 0.45, kFe = 0.98, kGe = 1.10. As the supercooling temperature (growth rate) increases, kCa, which is the smallest and deviates most from 1.0, changes in the direction approaching 1.0. For charge compensation, kGe also increases, consequently, kFe must decrease. Also kY, which is the largest, and change in the direction approaching 1.0. On the other hand, as the melt parameter R1 (≡ ) increases, kFe decreases, and kY, kSm and kLu increase, whereas and remain constant at 0.73 and 0.61, respectively. 相似文献
7.
An analysis of temperature dependence of saturated liquid density along the liquid vapour coexistence curve shows that a plot of reduced properties Tr(=T/Tc) against Tr?r (=T?/Tc?c), goes through a maximum at a particular Tr for all the following liquids: Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, CO2, R11, 12, 12B1, 13, 13B1, 14, 21, 22, 23, 32, 40, 113, 114, 115, H2O and NH3. For all these liquids, except NH3, Tr is ≈ 0.82, whether they are polar, non-polar, monoatomic or polyatomic. This characteristic temperature, , has been used to evaluate the energy parameter and the corresponding molar volume has been used to evaluate the length parameters for calculation of reduced critical properties. is also found to be a point of inflexion on the saturated liquid viscosity versus temperature plot. 相似文献
8.
《Mechanics of materials : an international journal》1988,7(2):155-162
A new constitutive equation for compressible, nonlinear elasticity is derived. The stress-deformation relation takes the final form where Bij is the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor. J is the Jacobean of the deformation, and k and μ are the two governing mechanical properties having the same interpretation as in linear, isotropic elasticity theory. In this nonlinear theory, k and μ are separately determinable from large deformation conditions of pure dilatation and simple shear, respectively. Under isochoric conditions, the distortional part of the theory takes the form of the kinetic theory of rubber elasticity. Under conditions of small volume change, the theory coincides with the molecular theory of Flory derived for elastomers, but given explicit from only in the one dimensional case. 相似文献
9.
J.C. Ritter 《Engineering Fracture Mechanics》1977,9(3):529-540
A modified criterion is developed on an empirical basis for the minimum thickness of a plane strain fracture toughness test specimen: where is the plane strain fracture toughness, is the Young's modulus and δY is the yield stress of the material. The modified criterion is tested alongside the ASTM thickness criterion against published data on the variation of with thickness, and shows significantly the better agreement with observed values of for a wide range of materials.An attempt has been made to rationalise this criterion. The expression is considered to take into account two major factors which determine , the attainment of plane strain in the specimen interior ahead of the crack tip, and the role of microstructure in determining how far the quasi-plane strain fracture (square fracture) extends beyond the region of true plane strain. 相似文献
10.
J. Majling V. Figusch F. Hanic V. Wiglasz J. Ĉorba 《Materials Research Bulletin》1974,9(10):1379-1382
Single crystals of tricalciumborate were grown by the flux method. Ca3B2O6 crystallizes in the rhombohedral system with the unit cell parameters , αR = 85.68(8)°, Z = 2. The equivalent hexagonal lattice parameters are aH = 8.640(1), . The anisotropic thermal expansion parameters αa = (1.00 ± 0.14) × 10?5, αc = (3.60 ± 0.47) × 10?5 were determined by X-ray methods in the temperature interval 25 – 1000°C. 相似文献
11.
The expulsion of flux from flat samples (ribbons and discs) of Nb, NbTa, V and PbIn cooling, from Tc to 4.2 K, in static magnetic fields, , has been investigated. A dramatic increase in expulsion of the component of the magnetic flux threading the specimen parallel to its flat faces is observed when is tilted to pierce these broad surfaces. We attribute this phenomenon to the extinction of a surface barrier against flux exit by H⊥, the transverse component of . The effect of B⊥ = μoH⊥ on the flux profiles is also examined. The concept of equilibrium diamagnetism is applied to this novel situation. A simple picture, incorporating prevailing views, is developed. With this picture, although crude approximations are used in the computations, we reproduce several families of data curves quite well. The barrier against flux exit is seen to be an appreciable fraction of Hc1 and information on its variation with the tilt angle of is obtained. 相似文献
12.
M. Hashimoto 《Thin solid films》1984,116(4):373-381
The crystallization rate of vacuum-deposited amorphous antimony (a-Sb) films was investigated as a function of the film thickness d. Experimental plots of the observed growth rate v against d-1 for systems such as Sb/glass and Sb/Ge show that the relationship between v and d-1 are convex towards the origin. Such a feature is well interpreted by a model in which where u is the actual growth rate of the crystallite in the a-Sb film and z the distance from the film surface adjacent to the substrate. The quantity u is assumed to vary as follows: u = αzn + us when 0 ? z ? ds0, u = ui when ds0 ? z ? d ? dv0 and u = β(d ? z)n + uv, when d ? dv0 ? z ? d where , , ds0 and dv0 are thickness of surface regions near the substrate and the vacuum respectively, ui is the growth rate inside the film, us and uv are the rates at surfaces adjacent to the substrate and the vacuum respectively and n an adjustable numerical parameter. As a typical example, for the Sb/Ge system at 30°C, ui, us and uv are estimated to be 139 μm s-1, 25.4 μm s-1 and 0.2 μm s-1 respectively and ds0 and dv0 to be 133 Å and 143 Å respectively with n = 3. 相似文献
13.
An oxygen-defect perovskite Sr2Mn2O5 was isolated by reduction of SrMnO3?x perovskites in the presence of zirconium. Its structure, similar to that of Ca2Mn2O5, has been determined by X-ray powder diffraction and HREM. The orthorhombic cell has the parameters : , , . The possible space groups are Pbam and Pba2. The framework is built up from corner-sharing MnO4 pyramids forming pseudo-hexagonal tunnes running along 〈001〉 and perovskite tunnels running along 〈110〉 and 〈110〉. This oxide is antiferromagnetic with and . 相似文献
14.
R. Gérardin A. Alebouyeh F. Jeannot A. Courtois B. Malaman O. Evrard 《Materials Research Bulletin》1980,15(5):647-655
The symmetry group of the rhombohedral structure of the mixed oxides A(III)B(II)B′(III)O4 is R3̄m: A is in an octahedral coordination, B and B′ occupy the same crystallographic sites and are in a pyramidal coordination with a triangular basis.The existence of this structural type with Ni2+ and Cr3+ ions is incompatible with this coordination close to tetrahedral.The geometric conditions necessary for adoption of the rhombohedral structure have been clearly defined by comparing the cation-oxygen and oxygen-oxygen distances determined on 4 monocrystals (InCuAlO4, InFe1, 75SiO, 25O4, YbFe2O4 and YbO,5EuO,5Fe2O4).The shortest cation-oxygen distance in the pyramidal site is designated by d′: it can be calculated through the relation: by using the ionic radii of ions in tetrahedral coordination, given by R.D. Shannon.The oxygen - A3+ cation distance of the octahedron, d, is close to the sum of the ionic radii of the ions in coordinence 6.Mixed oxides ABB′O4 can crystallize in the rhombohedral system if the ratio d′/d is between 0.842 and 0.888 and these two limiting values can be refined for each couple B, B′. 相似文献
15.
In copper doped Y2BaZnO5 oxides, copper exhibits a distorted square pyramidal coordination which is consistant with the values of g and A tensors obtained from O band ERS spectrum for a sample containing about 1 % Cu. Three values for g and A are observed, g1 = 2.0495, g2 = 2.0515, g3 = 2.275, , and . Since an approximate C4v point symmetry can be assumed for copper. The electronic spectrum shows three bands at 11700, 14500 and 20500 cm?1 which can be assigned to the transitions A1 → B1, B2 → B1 and E → B1 respectively. The orbital reduction parameters are calculated and the bonding covalency is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Claude Fouassier Bertrand Latourrette Josik Portier Paul Hagenmuller 《Materials Research Bulletin》1976,11(8):933-938
The levels of the (4f7) and 4f65d1 states of europium (+II) have been determined from fluorescence spectra in a series of fluorides MxByFz (M = alkaline-earth element, B = Li, Be, Mg, Y, Si). As in BaY2F8, SrSiF6 and BaSiF6, the level lies even at room temperature far below the 4f65d1 band, only the f → f emission is observed. The influence of the choice of the alkaline-earth and the B cations and of the coordination of europium on the relative positions of the energy levels is discussed. 相似文献
17.
An optimum substrate temperature T0 of 573 K was found for the preparation of ZnTe thin films by vacuum deposition. Films prepared at this temperature are stoichiometric and exhibit a maximum electrical resistivity. The observations are explained on the basis of the Vincett-Barlow-Roberts theory which predicts a value of nearly 0.33 for , where Tb is the boiling point. 相似文献
18.
Three hypotheses are considered for the proportionate change of resistance when a continuous metal film of resistance R1 adsorbs gas: (a) a loss of metallic properties at the surface; (b) a change in the electron scattering parameter at the surface; and (c) a change in the electron concentration throughout the film. Two models of the film structure are used to compare the predictions of these hypothesis with our experimental data for the systems , , and . The flat plate model accounts for neither R1 nor . A simple version of the columnar model accounts for by either (a) or (b) for the first three systems and by (c) for the fourth, but it does not explain all the properties of the clean films. The linear approximation given by Mola and Heras for the columnar model of Mayadas and Shatzkes accounts satisfactorily for R1 and for , and by increases in the electron scattering coefficient at the grain boundaries. It does not account for with because that system incorporates gas into the metal lattice. 相似文献
19.
The effect of viscous dissipation on mixed convection flow about a rotating sphere is investigated analytically. A method based on Merk's type of series expansions is used to obtain the heat transfer rate and the skin-friction coefficients. Numerical computations were carried out for Eckert number Ec ranging from 0 to 0.1, rotation parameter B = 0, 1, 4 and buoyancy parameter ranging from 0 to 1 at various angular positions. As viscous dissipation increases heat transfer rate decreases. It is found that for Ec > 0, a critical value of B (say Bcri) exist such that increases as B increases up to B = Bcri and then decreases. Bcri decreases with Ec when the angle is fixed or decreases with angle when Ec is fixed. When Ec > 0, possibly there exist a λ, say λcri, such that increases with λ up to λ = λcri and then decreases. Also the effect of viscous dissipation on skin friction is investigated. 相似文献
20.
George Brunton 《Materials Research Bulletin》1973,8(3):271-274
The parameters for the structure of K2Cr2O7 have been refined from 7511 observed reflections; , , , cosα = ?0.1396(2) (α = 98°2'), cosβ = ?0.0154(2) (β = 90°53'), cosγ = ?0.1078(2) (γ = 96°11'). The discrepancy factor R(Fo2) = 0.0702 with a type 2 extinction correction. The average CrO distances are 1.609Å (unshared) and 1.783Å (shared). 相似文献