多种光源下氮掺杂TiO_2光催化降解染料废水的研究

以尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂纳米TiO2粉末,以甲基橙溶液为模拟染料废水,分别在可见光、模拟太阳光和紫外光条件下,研究了氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解染料废水的性能。结果表明:氮掺杂可以提高TiO2的可见光催化活性;氮含量和煅烧温度对氮掺杂TiO2光催化活性影响较大,n(N)∶n(Ti)为10%且经500℃煅烧的氮掺杂TiO2在可见光和模拟太阳光下均具有最佳的光催化活性;然而在紫外光下,氮掺杂TiO2的光催化活性低于未掺杂的TiO2样品。     

Ag-N共掺杂TiO_2/膨润土光催化降解染料废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了银氮共掺杂光催化剂Ag-N-Ti O2/膨润土,通过XRD和FTIR对其结构进行了表征,优化了该催化剂降解耐酸枣红染料废水的反应条件。结果表明,催化剂中有锐钛矿型Ti O2生成,部分Ti O2进入了膨润土层间,增大了其晶面层间距,并通过Ti—O—Si键实现了膨润土对Ti O2的固载;掺杂的Ag、N可能进入了Ti O2晶格,拓宽了其光谱响应范围,并提高了其光催化活性。当催化剂用量为2 g/L,溶液p H为3,光照时间为120 min,紫外光或可见光照射下,该催化剂对50 mg/L的耐酸枣红的降解率分别达到93.0%和89.3%,并在可见光下对其它3种50 mg/L的染料废水的降解率也达到了90%以上。     

Ag-N共掺杂TiO_2/膨润土光催化降解染料废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了银氮共掺杂光催化剂Ag-N-Ti O2/膨润土,通过XRD和FTIR对其结构进行了表征,优化了该催化剂降解耐酸枣红染料废水的反应条件。结果表明,催化剂中有锐钛矿型Ti O2生成,部分Ti O2进入了膨润土层间,增大了其晶面层间距,并通过Ti—O—Si键实现了膨润土对Ti O2的固载;掺杂的Ag、N可能进入了Ti O2晶格,拓宽了其光谱响应范围,并提高了其光催化活性。当催化剂用量为2 g/L,溶液p H为3,光照时间为120 min,紫外光或可见光照射下,该催化剂对50 mg/L的耐酸枣红的降解率分别达到93.0%和89.3%,并在可见光下对其它3种50 mg/L的染料废水的降解率也达到了90%以上。     

微波辅助法制备改性纳米TiO_2的实验研究

以Ti(SO4)2为原料,氨水为沉淀剂和氮源,采用微波辅助水热法制备了氮掺杂的改性纳米TiO2粉体。分别采用XRD、XPS、UV-Vis漫反射、TEM等方法对所制备的粉体进行了表征。以紫外灯为光源、甲基橙溶液为目标污染物研究了所制备产物的光催化活性。结果表明,微波辅助法制备的氮掺杂型TiO2样品经XRD分析均为锐钛矿相,由XRD计算得出的颗粒尺寸与TEM的分析结果基本一致,粒径在5～10 nm之间。样品的XPS分析表明,N1s峰在399 eV附近,N以N-Ti-O的形式存在于TiO2中。经UV-Vis漫反射光谱分析显示,所制样品吸收边发生了明显红移,对400～500 nm的可见光有一定的吸收率。光催化实验结果显示微波辅助法制备的掺氮TiO2粉体表现出较高的光催化活性。     

Nd~(3+)掺杂Zno/TiO_2催化剂制备及光催化活性

以ZnSO_4·7H_2O和Ti(SO_4)_2为原料,体积分数40%的乙醇作溶剂,用共沉淀法制备ZnO/TiO_2和Nd~(3+)-ZnO/TiO_2[n(zn)∶n(Ti)=3∶10]催化剂。采用XRD和UV-Vis等技术进行表征,考察氨水浓度、Nd~(3+)掺杂量和催化剂用量对罗丹明B光催化降解的影响。XRD分析表明,稀土掺杂使催化剂中纳米TiO_2晶粒细化;UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,稀土元素掺杂后,催化剂在紫外光吸收有所加强;光催化降解实验表明,氨水浓度较低时,所得催化剂活性较高;掺杂适量Nd~(3+)能有效提高ZnO/TiO_2的光催化活性。当催化剂用量1 000 mg·L~(-1)、Nd~(3+)掺杂质量分数0.70%和浓氨水稀释10倍时,太阳光连续光照4 h,催化剂的光催化活性较高,废水COD_(Cr)去除率达90.1%。     

可见光响应的铁掺杂二氧化钛的制备及其光催化性能研究

以硝酸铁、硫酸氧钛为出发原料,通过直接化学法合成了锐钛矿型的Fe掺杂的Ti O2纳米光催化剂;通过X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计、热差热重分析仪对样品的结构以及性能进行了表征。结果表明:Fe掺杂的纳米Ti O2光催化剂的紫外吸收光谱和纯Ti O2相比,吸收带边发生红移,光响应范围拓展到在可见光区域;Fe的掺杂可以提高Ti O2的光催化性能,其中1%的Fe-Ti O2对亚甲基蓝的光催化活性最高。在模拟可见光条件下,Fe-Ti O2表现出了较优的光催化性能,光照10 min后,降解率高达83.9%。     

纳米N-TiO_2的制备、表征及光催化性能研究

硫酸氧钛水解制备纳米二氧化钛前驱体,再加入尿素为氮源,经高温焙烧制备了氮掺杂纳米二氧化钛(N-TiO_2)光催化剂。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对样品进行了表征。讨论了n(氮)/n(钛)、焙烧温度对纳米二氧化钛晶态结构、吸收光谱范围的影响,以罗丹明B为目标降解物,研究了样品在不同光源下的光催化活性。结果表明,样品均为锐钛矿型,粒径约为30~50 nm。氮掺杂使二氧化钛在可见光区吸收明显增加,当n(氮)/n(钛)为5、焙烧温度为600℃时,样品S600-5在可见光区吸收最强。以样品S600-5为催化剂,紫外光作用下,罗丹明B降解120 min时降解率达96.3%;可见光作用下,降解120 min时降解率达89.2%。     

掺杂改性纳米TiO_2降解挥发性污染物及产物研究

本文系统研究了水热法制备的铁掺杂纳米Ti O2和氮掺杂纳米Ti O2在可见光照射下对挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的降解能力和降解产物.铁掺杂纳米Ti O2和氮掺杂Ti O2对光的吸收边分别红移到540 nm和580 nm;在可见光下具有良好的催化活性,24 h内对挥发性有机物的降解率达20%—50%,降解后的最终产物可能主要为CO2.     

La掺杂TiO_2分子印迹光催化剂的制备及其性能

以乙酰氨基苯酚(APAP)为模板剂,钛酸四丁酯为前驱体、硝酸镧为掺杂剂,经溶胶-凝胶法制备了La掺杂分子印迹TiO_2。对La掺杂分子印迹TiO_2光催化剂样品性能进行了表征,以紫外及可见光(λ400 nm)催化降解APAP模拟废水,考察了La掺杂量、焙烧温度对光催化活性的影响。结果表明:La掺入抑制了锐钛矿晶粒生长,比表面积增加,可见光吸收增强,光催化活性提高:且当n(La):n(Ti)=0.60%,500℃热处理2h,样品的光催化活性最佳,光催化降解10mg/LAPAP模拟废水,紫外光照射70min去除率为85.5%,总有机碳(TOC)去除率达62.5%:可见光照射40h去除率为90.8%。     

辅助水热法制备Fe/ZnO复合光催化剂及其性能的研究

采用柠檬酸络合剂辅助水热法,制备了不同Fe掺杂浓度的(0%,1%,2%,3%和4%(摩尔分数))Zn O复合纳米光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)等测试手段对纳米Fe/Zn O的晶体结构、微观形貌和光吸收性能等进行了表征,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)为模型污染物,在紫外光照下考察了纳米Fe/Zn O的光催化活性。经研究结果表明,该方法能成功地将Fe掺杂入Zn O晶体,并且当Fe的掺杂量大于1%时,Fe/Zn O样品对可见光区有明显的吸收。并且,Fe掺杂明显提高了Zn O的光催化效果,当Fe掺杂3%(摩尔分数)时,Zn O样品的光催化活性最高,在紫外光照射100 min后对MB的降解率可达到96.2%,较纯Zn O提高2.27倍。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.