热处理工艺对Ti46Al8.5Nb0.2W合金层片组织结构参数的影响

研究了热处理工艺对Ti46Al8 5Nb0 .2W合金层片组织结构参数的影响。层片团尺寸与在α单相区保温时间的关系符合贝克方程。随着冷却速度的增大 ,层片间距减小 ,与冷却速度v- 1/ 2 成正比。冷却速度超过 60 0℃ /min时 ,将出现羽毛状组织。实验发现 ,层片间距随层片团尺寸增大而减小 ,当层片团超过 2 0 0 μm时 ,层片间距与其尺寸基本无关。     

全片层TiAl基合金的屈服强度与显微组织关系

通过特定的热处理工艺,分离出全片层组织的晶粒尺度和片层厚度两个主要的显微组织参数,研究了晶粒尺度和片层间距对全片层组织合金的强化效果,研究结果表明：合金的屈服强度随着晶粒尺度和片层厚度的减小而增加,符合Hall-Petch强化关系,同时用屈服强度模型解释了晶粒尺度和片层厚度的强化效果。     

具有不同大小片层团的Ti–Al–Nb–W-B–Y合金的等温氧化行为

以Ti-42.5Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.1Y (at. %)合金为研究对象,通过热处理获得不同大小片层团的两种全片层显微组织,并在900 ℃空气条件下,进行了100 h的抗氧化性实验。利用OM、SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对试样的微观结构、相组成及微区成分进行了分析。恒温氧化动力学结果表明：在900 ℃空气条件下,具有两种不同大小全片层组织的TiAl合金,其恒温氧化动力学曲线符合近抛物线规律,且大片层组织合金的抗氧化性能优于小片层组织。氧化100小时后,大片层组织的合金其氧化增重为7.62 g/m₂,小片层次组织的合金的氧化增重为6.45 g/cm₂。对合金截面进行观察后发现,大小片层团两种合金表面氧化物的厚度分别为7μm和5μm。通过对氧化动力学曲线、组织结构、氧化膜结构、氧化表面形貌进行综合分析,表明TiAl合金的片层团大小对其氧化行为具有不可忽视的影响。     

Thermal stability of lamellar structure of PST crystal and lamellar boundary design for creep resistant TiAl alloy

The stability of lamellar structure is crucial for the creep resistance of TiAl alloys, but degradation of the lamellar structure is unavoidable at high temperatures. The degradation of the lamellar structure in PST crystals of Ti-48mol.%Al was studied during high temperature exposure (annealing and creep testing) to examine how to make a stable lamellar structure with high creep deformation resistance. Since the six orientation variants of γ lamellae are nucleated independently of the adjoining lamellae, pseudo twin and 120° rotational fault boundaries are most frequently observed at the initial stage of lamellar formation. The preferential removal of high energy (pseudo twin and 120° rotational fault) boundaries during the evolution of lamellar structure results in the highly probable appearance of a true twin boundary at a later stage of lamellar evolution. The coarsening of lamellar spacing and the spheroidization of the lamellae are the major degradation events occurring during creep deformation, and the migration of the lamellar boundaries brings both of them about. The lamellar structures of TiAl alloy contain four types of lamellar boundaries. The stability of the four types of boundaries decreases in the following order: γ/α₂ > true twin > pseudo twin > or=120° rotational fault boundaries. The γ/α₂ boundary has the highest stability (lowest mobility), and the high density of γ/α₂ boundaries is proposed to make a stable lamellar structure with good creep resistance. A material having the high density of γ/α₂ boundaries was produced through the heat treatment of a PST crystal in the α+γ two-phase regime. The excellent creep properties of the material were proven through creep tests of hard oriented PST crystals made of the material. This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

γ-TiAl片层界面在裂纹形核中的双重作用

通过全片层γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金ＳＥＭ原位拉伸实验以及对裂纹前方滑移面及解理面上的应用力进行有限元计算,研究了片层界面在形核中的作用,当原裂纹与片层平行时,裂纹尖端滑移秕的分切应力较小,滑移相对困难,片层面上的正应力比其它解理面上的正应力大,从而解理裂纹优先沿片层界面形核;当裂纹与片层界面垂直时,裂纹尖端很多滑移系上的分切应力较大,滑移相对容易,片层面上的正应力远比其它解理面上的正应力小,从而裂纹优等     

三通护板裂纹失效分析

通过对施焊时开裂的三通护板进行渗透检测、宏微观断口形貌分析、金相检验、显微硬度检验以及力学分析,对三通下护板裂纹产生原因进行分析。结果表明：裂纹成锯齿状,具有层状撕裂特征,为穿晶＋沿晶（少量）混合断裂方式;断面上可见氧化皮,该裂纹为层状撕裂裂纹。裂纹附近存在带状粗大铁素体,裂纹沿带状铁素体扩展;三通下护板生产过程中的焊道没有完全切除,残留焊道处粗大带状铁素体力学性能差,是裂纹产生的直接原因。     

晶粒尺度和片层厚度对全片层γ—TiAl合金性能的影响

研究了全片层Ｔｉ－４６．５Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－１．５Ｎｂ－１Ｖ合金的显微组织与宏观力学性能之间的关系,研究表明,通过不同的热处理制度可以得到具有相同片层厚度的４种晶粒尺度,以及晶粒尺度大约为４５０ｕｍ,片层厚度分别为１５０ｍｍ和５００ｎｍ的组织。材料的屈服强度随着合金晶粒尺度和片层厚度的境加而减小,符合Ｈａｌｌ－Ｐａｔｃｈ关系,Ｋｙ值为１．８２。材料的蠕变抗力随片层厚度的境枷而减小,但是对晶粒尺度的变化     

Investigation of primary and secondary creep deformation mechanism of TiAl

Creep deformation behaviors in lamellar TiAl alloys have been investigated. As in the case with metals, the normal primary creep stage was observed. As creep strain increased within the primary regime, dislocation density decreased, and creep activation energy increased from 300 kJ/mol, the activation energy of the self-diffusion of Ti in TiAl, to about 380 kJ/mol, that of steady state creep deformation. During primary creep deformation of lamellar TiAl, as the initial dislocation density decreased, the α₂ -phase was found to transform to a γ-phase, generating new dislocations which contributed to the creep deformation. In other words, this phase transformation is the source of the dislocation generation for continuous creep deformation. Therefore, we suggest that phase transformation is the rate controlling processes having an activation energy of about 400 kJ/mol, which is higher than that of self-diffusion. A small amount of prestrain was found to be responsible for the reduction of initial dislocation density. In addition, this prestrained specimen showed significantly reduced primary creep strain, and the creep activation energy in the primary stage was measured to be about 380 kJ/mol. These results clearly confirm the suggested creep deformation mechanism of lamellar TiAl alloys.     

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对集装箱板在轧制过程中出现的翘皮问题进行电镜扫描及能谱分析,认为翘皮的产生是由于冶炼时保护渣未处理干净,同时由于加热或轧制时局部高温,产生氧化,在较浅的表面区域形成氧化物,当夹杂物较多且体积较大时,由于夹杂物距离表面较浅,经过多道次轧制后夹杂物从表面溢出,从而带动附近金属撕裂形成翘皮。     

Ti—48Al合金片层组织的连续粗化机制

研究了 115 0℃时效时Ti 48Al合金全片层组织的连续粗化机制。片层组织的连续粗化不仅能通过片层界面缺陷 (如台阶、端部、弯曲的界面等 )迁移来实现 ,而且可以通过γ/γ片层界面迁移或分解的方式来实现 ;在真孪晶、伪孪晶和 12 0°旋转有序型γ/γ界面当中 ,12 0°旋转有序界面的稳定性最低 ,最容易迁移或分解 ;γ片层内的 12 0°旋转有序畴界与片层界面的交汇处易形成热沟(thermalgroove) ,它往往成为片层界面发生分解的起始部位     

Effect of La^3＋ on evolution of TiO2 coating layers on lamellar sericite and their pigmentary properties

TiO2-coated sericite powders were prepared by the chemical deposition method starting from lamellar sericite and TiCl4 in the presence of La3+. After calcination at 900 ℃ for 1 h, the resultant TiO2 nanoparticles on the sericite surfaces exist in anatase phase. The light scattering indexes of the TiO2-coated lamellar sericite powders are dozens of times higher than those of the naked lamellar sericite powders, varying with different contents of La3+. The presence of La3+ in the deposition solution is beneficial to the formation of the small-sized anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The presence of La3+ also favors the formation of the dense and uniform island-like TiO2 coating layers in a large range of the mass ratio of TiO2 to sericite from 5% to 20%. XPS analysis shows that when La3+ is absent in the reaction solution, TiO2 coating layers anchor on the sericite surface via Ti-O-Si and Ti-O-Al bonds. The presence of La3+ causes the formation of Si-O-La and Al-O-La bonds on the sericite surface and Ti-O-La bond on the surface of TiO2 coating layers.     

层片型双相组织的形成过程

本文用金相显微镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了09SiCrMnMoRE钢经1100℃预淬及各种亚温温度不同保温时间淬火后所得双相组织的形貌,探讨了层片型双相组织的形成机理.观察表明,在亚温加热中,奥氏体优先在晶界及板条群界形核,也在板条界经碳化物析出与溶解而后形核.奥氏体与铁素体间存在K-S关系.奥氏体呈片状沿马氏作板条界及群界定向生长有利于减小界面能及应变能.其结果导致淬火后得到层片型双相组织.     

MECHANISMS OF α_2→α_2/γ PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN A TiAL ALLOY

ＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＳＯＦα_２→α_２／γＰＨＡＳＥＴＲＡＮＳＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＡＴｉＡＬＡＬＬＯＹＸＵＱｉａｎｇ；ＬＥＩＣｈａｎｇｈｕｉ（ＢｅｉＪｉｎｇＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎＭｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆ...     

高压凝固对Ti-48Al合金片层组织及其力学性能影响

研究了高压下凝固Ti-48Al合金片层间距及其力学性能的变化。结果表明,压力下凝固时,随着凝固压力的增加扩散系数降低,从而引起片层增厚速度的降低,即片层间距的减小。在常压、2GPa、4GPa下凝固时,片层间距的平均值分别为495,345,227nm。片层组织的显微硬度随着凝固压力的增加而增加。该实验为细化片层间距提供了一种新的方法。     

Orientation control of a lamellar microstructure in a Ti−Al intermetallic compound by high-temperature compression in an alpha single-phase and/or in a two-phase region and the alpha re-heat treatment

In order to control the spatial Ti−Al distribution of the α₂+γ γ lamellar microstructure in Ti−Al alloys, processes consisting of a high-temperature deformation in an alpha single-phase region, and an annealing and deformation in the α₂+γ ψ region were examined. The compression deformation temperatures and strain rates were from 1573 to 1623 K and from 1.0×10⁻⁴ to 5.0×10⁻³ s⁻¹, respectively. Dynamic recrystallization occurred during the compressive deformation in the alpha single-phase region. The uniaxial compression resulted in the formation of a fiber texture. It was found that more than half of the lamellar microstructure can be arranged within 30 degrees from the specimen surface by these processes. It was also shown that the orientation control of the lamellar microstructure in a polycrystalline Ti−Al intermetallic compound is effective in improving the creep resistance of this material.     

ORIENTATION EFFECTS ON CREEP OF A LAMELLAR TiAl ALLOY

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｒｅｅｐｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｆγＴｉＡｌａｌｌｏｙｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｉｔｓｕｓｅａｓａｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ．Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔａｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｃｒｅｅｐｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ,ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｇｒｅａｔｒｉｓｋａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆγＴｉＡｌｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｓａｇｅｄｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｕｌｓｉｏｎａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｓｏｆａｒ,ｔｈｅｗｏｒｋｏｎｃ…     

组织结构对片层TiAl合金氧化行为影响

以Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb(at%)合金为研究对象,通过热处理获得近片层和全片层两种显微组织,并在800℃空气条件下,进行了100 h的抗氧化性实验。利用OM、SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对试样的微观结构、相组成及微区成分进行了分析。恒温氧化动力学结果表明:在800℃空气条件下,对于近片层和全片层两种Ti Al合金组织,其恒温氧化动力学曲线符合近抛物线规律,且近片层组织合金的抗氧化性能优于全片层组织。基于氧化动力学曲线、组织结构、氧化膜结构、氧化表面形貌分析,表明Ti Al合金的片层组织结构对其氧化行为具有不可忽视的影响。     

A COMPONENT-SPECIFIC ALLOY DESIGN OF TiAl INTERMETALLICS

ＡＣＯＭＰＯＮＥＮＴ－ＳＰＥＣＩＦＩＣＡＬＬＯＹＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＦＴｉＡｌＩＮＴＥＲＭＥＴＡＬＬＩＣＳＪ．Ｚｈａｎｇ;Ｄ．Ｘ．Ｚｏｕ;Ｚ．Ｚ．ＺｈａｎｇａｎｄＺ．ＹＺｈｏｎｇ（ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＩｒｏｎ＆ＳｔｅｅｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｂｅｉ...     

EFFECTS OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON CREEP OF TiAl ALLOYS WITH FINELAMELLAR STRUCTURES

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｉＡｌａｌｌｏｙｓｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅａｎｄａｕｔｏｍｏｂｉｌｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｕｓａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅａｌｌｏｙｓｉｓｉｎａｉｒｃｒａｆｔｇａｓｔｕｒｂｉｎｅｓ，ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ａｓｔｕｒｂｉｎｅｂｌａｄｅｓ．Ｉｎｓｕｃｈａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｃｒｅｅ…     

全层片组织TiAl基合金的室温断裂及断裂韧性

采用标准试样，测试了全层片组织Ｔｉ３３Ａｌ３Ｃｒ０．５Ｍｏ（质量分数，％，下同）合金的室温断裂韧性（以下简称断裂韧性）。在ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ下原位观察了板状和薄膜状合金试样中裂纹产生及扩展的动态过程。发现试样的断裂韧性因层片板条取向的不同而呈现各向异性，α２相层片板条对裂纹的扩展具有阻碍作用并使裂尖发生钝化。基于以上原因，使得层片板条取向呈现随机性的合金试样具有高的室温断裂韧性。