水热反应条件对纳米钼酸银形貌的影响

以钼酸铵和硝酸银为原料,采用一步水热法制备了不同形貌的纳米钼酸银(Ag_2Mo_2O_7),探究了反应温度、反应时间、Ag NO_3浓度和表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)对产物结构及形貌的影响。利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纳米钼酸银的物相和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,通过改变水热反应条件可以得到纳米线、纳米棒、纳米片等不同形貌的钼酸银,其中反应温度和表面活性剂PVP对纳米钼酸银的形貌影响显著。     

片状铜粉镀银及抗氧化性能研究

采用置换还原法在片状铜粉上镀银。对铜粉镀银制备过程及抗氧化性能做了研究。实验结果表明,在铜粉表面首先发生置换反应,生成点缀式银颗粒,之后银颗粒长大,不完全的包覆在铜粉表面,溶液中过量的银离子在还原剂的作用下,表面银层进一步生长,得到完全包覆银的铜粉。通过X-射线衍射分析,片状铜粉镀银层表面未见氧化物,所得粉末表层结构致密。铜粉镀银层具有良好的抗高温氧化性。     

硫酸钙晶须表面包覆二氧化硅的制备及机理分析

研究了以硅酸钠为硅源,采用液相沉积法在硫酸钙晶须表面包覆致密二氧化硅纳米膜对硫酸钙晶须进行无机改性。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）等检测手段,对包覆二氧化硅的硫酸钙晶须的形貌及包覆机理进行了分析。结果表明,在反应温度为90 ℃、反应液pH为9条件下,可以得到二氧化硅致密包覆膜,包覆后的硫酸钙晶须可显著提高ζ电位;将该材料应用于三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）/聚丙烯（PP）热塑性弹性体中,可有效改善晶须在热塑性弹性体中的分散程度。     

无水硫酸钙晶须的制备及表征

以某稀土厂生产过程中产生的硫酸铵废水为原料,用氯化钙作为钙源,采用水热法制备高长径比的硫酸钙晶须。首先采用正交实验研究反应时间、反应温度和陈化时间对硫酸钙晶须长径比的影响,确定最佳工艺条件。在正交实验最佳工艺条件的基础上,研究了pH对制备硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）,红外分析仪（FT-IR）和热重-差热分析仪（TG-DSC）对制得的硫酸钙晶须的表面形貌和物相进行了表征和分析。研究结果表明：在制备硫酸钙晶须的最佳工艺条件下（即反应时间为5 h、反应温度为140℃、陈化时间为4.5 h）,溶液体系pH为1时,制备得到纯态无水硫酸钙晶须,其形貌最佳、长径比最大,平均长度达到117.44μm、平均长径比为40.2。     

海水卤水制备硫酸钙晶须新工艺

以海水卤水为原料,采用水热法制备了硫酸钙晶须。考察了硫酸钙浓度、反应温度、搅拌速度和介质pH值等因素对半水硫酸钙含量的影响,确定了制备硫酸钙晶须的最适宜条件:在硫酸钙质量分数为8%,反应温度为130℃,搅拌速度为150r/min,介质pH值为7时,制备的硫酸钙晶须形貌好,纯度高。并用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对硫酸钙晶须的结构进行了表征,结果表明制备的硫酸钙晶须形态良好。     

银纳米线的溶剂热法制备及表征

以硝酸银为银源、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K-30)为模板剂和包覆剂、葡萄糖为还原剂、乙二醇为溶剂,采用溶剂热法成功制备出银纳米线。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、热重(TG)等手段对银纳米线进行了表征。结果表明,在反应温度为160℃、反应时间为4h、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K-30)与硝酸银物质的量比为5的条件下,制备出直径100~150nm、长度10~20μm的银纳米线。XRD物相分析表明,产物为结晶度较高、具有面心立方结构的纯银纳米线。     

化学镀法制备银包覆铝复合粉体

为了改善铝粉表面易氧化问题,采用置换反应对铝粉表面进行化学镀银,制备出包覆致密完整的镀银铝粉。利用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线能量色散光谱仪对粉体表面形貌及成分进行分析,利用析氢曲线分析粉体的包覆完整性。结果表明,铝粉表面包覆一层致密的银镀层。研究了镀液pH及NH4F质量浓度对粉体性能的影响,表明在接近中性条件下可以获得包覆完整的复合粉体,粉体银的质量随NH4F质量浓度增加而提高,随后缓慢下降。     

混合脂肪酸钠辅助制备硫酸钙晶须

硫酸钙晶须应用范围广、综合性能优异、性价比高,具有良好的应用前景。以氯化钙为主要原料,添加油酸钠、硬脂酸钠以及油酸钠与硬脂酸钠的混合物作为改性剂,采用常压酸化法制备了长径比高、疏水性能好的硫酸钙晶须。探究了氯化钙浓度、反应时间、反应温度、油酸钠和硬脂酸钠及其混合物的用量等因素对制备的硫酸钙晶须长径比及疏水性的影响,确定了最佳制备条件。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、接触角测量仪、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）及Zeta电位分析等对产品进行了表征。通过实验得到制备硫酸钙晶须的最佳工艺条件：氯化钙溶液质量浓度为0.11 g/mL时,添加与氯化钙等物质的量的浓硫酸4.8 mL,加入4%油酸钠和6%硬脂酸钠混合物（以质量分数计）作为改性剂,在140 ℃油浴锅中加热搅拌1 h。在此工艺条件下,制备的硫酸钙晶须长径比为32~106,接触角可达120.2°。XRD结果表明,所得硫酸钙晶须为半水硫酸钙晶须和二水硫酸钙晶须的混合物。红外光谱和Zeta电位分析表明,油酸钠和硬脂酸钠以化学吸附的形式吸附在晶须表面。当加入油酸钠和硬脂酸钠混合物时,油酸钠和硬脂酸钠共吸附于晶须表面,使得晶须表面吸附的脂肪酸更多,晶须疏水性更强。     

以浓厚卤水为原料制备半水硫酸钙晶须的研究

以海盐行业生产过程中废弃的浓厚卤水为原料,用于制备高长径比的半水硫酸钙晶须。探究了水热制备法中物料浓度、晶型助长剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度和反应搅拌速率对制备半水硫酸钙晶须的影响。使用粉末X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对制得的半水硫酸钙晶须进行表征,确认为半水硫酸钙晶须。通过正交实验确认最佳的生产工艺条件为：物料质量分数为3%、晶型助长剂质量分数为3%、反应时间为7 h、反应温度为130 ℃、反应搅拌速率为30 r/min。在此工艺条件下可制得长径比约为400的半水硫酸钙晶须。该工艺生产成本低廉、环境友好、产品稳定且平均长径比达400,易于工业化生产。     

稀土石膏常压酸化法制备硫酸钙晶须的研究

以含稀土的石膏为原料运用常压酸化法合成硫酸钙晶须,探讨了不同工艺条件对生成的硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响,同时还考察了晶型助长剂的种类和晶型助长剂的含量对硫酸钙晶须生长的影响,利用SEM和XRD分别对硫酸钙晶须的表面形貌、物相特征做了表征分析。实验得到制备硫酸钙晶须的最佳的反应条件：稀土石膏质量浓度为0.22 g/mL、反应时间为25 min、盐酸浓度为2.8 mol/L、反应温度为70 ℃、陈化时间为4 h,在此条件下合成的硫酸钙晶须平均长度为61 μm,平均长径比为30.5;通过对比实验选出了CuCl₂作为促进硫酸钙晶须生长的助长剂,在添加5%（质量分数）的CuCl₂的情况下可使硫酸钙晶须长径比从30.5增至41,长度从61 μm增至81 μm。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。