一种采用LC谐振电路的高频差分有源电感

提出了一种采用LC并联谐振电路的新型差分有源电感,实现了宽的工作频带、高的Q值、较大的电感值和可调谐功能.采用无源电感和MOS晶体管可变电容构成LC谐振电路,减小了等效串联电阻和等效并联电容,在增大电感值、Q值的同时,扩大了工作频带.仿真结果表明,在2～7.6 GHz频率范围内,该新型差分有源电感的电感值大于26 nH...     

Floating inductance,FDNR and capacitance simulation circuit employing only grounded passive elements

A circuit for realizing floating inductance, grounded to a floating admittance converter, floating frequency dependent negative resistance (FDNR) and floating capacitance simulators depending on the passive element selection is presented. The proposed circuit employs only grounded passive elements and second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) but it requires single passive component matching. Replacing second-generation current controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) instead of the CCIIs in the developed circuit, an electronically tunable floating inductor with bias currents can be obtained. Also, replacing dual X second-generation current conveyors (DXCCIIs) instead of the CCIIs in the introduced circuit, an electronically tunable floating inductor with bias voltages can be obtained. Under non-ideality conditions, the proposed circuit can realize a lossless floating inductor and a capacitor depending on the passive element choice. Simulation results using SPICE program are given to verify the theory.     

Monolithic tunable active inductor with independent Q control

A 1.1-GHz fully integrated GaAs MESFET active inductor is presented in this paper. Both the inductance and loss resistance are tunable with the inductance independent of series loss tuning. The measured loss resistance is tunable over a -10- to +15-Ω range with a corresponding change in inductance of less than 10% at 100 MHz and less than 4% for frequencies above 500 MHz. The inductance is tunable from 65 to 90 nH. Considerably larger bandwidths can be achieved depending on the fabrication technology employed and the intended application of the circuit     

A low power tunable inductor based on active capacitor with negative resistance

A method to provide a low power tunable inductor is presented in which the inductance and its equivalent series resistance can be independently tuned. This equivalent series resistance can be also set to negative or zero value that is corresponding to inductor with ideal quality factor. In this method, a varactor is placed in parallel with a passive inductor and then, an active capacitor is placed in series with them. To this end, a low power Tunable Active Capacitor (TAC) is proposed which is capable of generating tunable capacitor and large negative resistance to compensate the loss of tunable inductor circuit. Also, the power consumption is low because of using a diode-connected transistor. A prototype of the proposed circuit is designed and simulated at 4 GHz. The electromagnetic simulation results show the inductance tuning range of 0.48–2.3nH with zero or even negative equivalent series resistance is obtained while the power dissipation is less than 3 mW. Moreover, noise analysis shows that higher inductance translates to lower noise while there is a weak correlation between noise and quality factor of the obtained inductances.     

MEMS-Based Tunable LC Bandstop Filter With an Ultra-Wide Continuous Tuning Range

This letter presents a new microelectromechanical system-based tunable LC filter that utilizes a tunable capacitor and a tunable inductor in a single device. An electrically floating metal plate is located between the tunable capacitor and the tunable inductor. As the floating metal plate is thermally moved and used commonly for both the capacitor and inductor, the device provides an ultra-wide continuous frequency tuning range by a simultaneous increase or decrease of the capacitance and inductance. The fabricated tunable LC filter showed a continuous frequency tuning ratio in excess of 127% in a range of 8.8 GHz to more than 20 GHz.      

Tunable MEMS Spiral Inductors With Optimized RF Performance and Integrated Large-Displacement Electrothermal Actuators

We propose a tunable microelectromechanical systems integrated inductor with a large-displacement electrothermal actuator. Based on a transformer configuration, the inductance of a spiral inductor is tuned by controlling the relative position of a magnetically coupled short-circuited loop. The magnetic coupling between the inductors can be changed from 0.17 to 0.8 through an electrothermal actuator that can change their relative position by over 140 mum . For the first time, we investigate the impact of this tuning scheme on the inductance and quality factor and propose optimal designs. While a previous preliminary study has focused on keeping the ratio between the two coupled inductors close to one, we find that optimal performance is a weak function of this ratio. Instead, it primarily depends on the resistive loss of the short-circuited coil. Our theoretical studies are backed by a variety of fabricated and measured tunable inductors that show a ~2:1 inductance tuning ratio over a wide frequency range of approximately 25 GHz. In addition, the maximum and minimum quality factors of the tunable inductor are measured to be 26 and 10, respectively, which agree well with the theoretically expected values.     

一种Q值高且可独立调节的新型宽带有源电感

基于回转器原理,提出了一种可在较宽频带内工作、具有大电感值和高Q值、Q值相对于电感值可以独立调节的新型有源电感。在回转器的负跨导器中,引入了调制MOS管。一方面,增加了一个新的回转通路,进而增加了回转次数,实现了大电感值。另一方面,创建了一个反馈支路,减小了等效串联电阻,实现了高Q值。将为正跨导器提供偏置的电流源与负跨导器交叉耦合连接,形成负阻结构,增大了等效并联电阻,进一步提高Q值。在有源电感的输入端串接小尺寸MOS管,减小了等效输入电容,实现了高的谐振频率和宽的工作频带。对有源电感进行验证,结果表明,Q峰值可高达1 996,电感峰值可高达54 nH,工作频带为0~12 GHz。协同调节有源电感的两个外部偏置电压时,实现了Q值相对于电感值的独立调节。Q值峰值从52到995大幅度变化时,电感峰值的变化幅度仅为5.3%。     

Broadband, Efficient, Electrically Small Metamaterial-Inspired Antennas Facilitated by Active Near-Field Resonant Parasitic Elements

The possibility of using an active internal matching element in several types of metamaterial-inspired, electrically small antennas (ESAs) to overcome their inherent narrow bandwidths is demonstrated. Beginning with the Z antenna, which is frequency tunable through its internal lumped element inductor, a circuit model is developed to determine an internal matching network, i.e., a frequency dependent inductor, which leads to the desired enhanced bandwidth performance. An analytical relation between the resonant frequency and the inductor value is determined via curve fitting of the associated HFSS simulation results. With this inductance-frequency relation defining the inductor values, a broad bandwidth, electrically small Z antenna is established. This internal matching network paradigm is then confirmed by applying it to the electrically small stub and canopy antennas. An electrically small canopy antenna with $ka=0.0467$ that has over a 10% bandwidth is finally demonstrated. The potential implementation of the required frequency dependent inductor is also explored with a well-defined active negative impedance converter circuit that reproduces the requisite inductance-frequency relations.      

Design and modeling of a micromachined high-Q tunable capacitor with large tuning range and a vertical planar spiral inductor

In wireless communication systems, passive elements including tunable capacitors and inductors often need high quality factor (Q-factor). In this paper, we present the design and modeling of a novel high Q-factor tunable capacitor with large tuning range and a high Q-factor vertical planar spiral inductor implemented in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Different from conventional two-parallel-plate tunable capacitors, the novel tunable capacitor consists of one suspended top plate and two fixed bottom plates. One of the two fixed plates and the top plate form a variable capacitor, while the other fixed plate and the top plate are used to provide electrostatic actuation for capacitance tuning. For the fabricated prototype tunable capacitors, a maximum controllable tuning range of 69.8% has been achieved, exceeding the theoretical tuning range limit (50%) of conventional two-parallel-plate tunable capacitors. This tunable capacitor also exhibits a very low return loss of less than 0.6 dB in the frequency range from 45 MHz to 10 GHz. The high Q-factor planar coil inductor is first fabricated on a silicon substrate and then assembled to the vertical position by using a novel three-dimensional microstructure assembly technique called plastic deformation magnetic assembly (PDMA). Inductors of different dimensions are fabricated and tested. The S-parameters of the inductors before and after PDMA are measured and compared, demonstrating superior performance due to reduced substrate loss and parasitics. The new vertical planar spiral inductor also has the advantage of occupying much smaller silicon areas than the conventional planar spiral inductors.     

Inductor realisation with a negative-impedance convertor

A circuit consisting of a negative-impedance convertor, suitable for the realisation of an inductor, is presented. For a certain circuit condition the realisation is independent of frequency, and by the variation of a single capacitor the inductance value of the inductor can be varied over a wide range while the resistive part remains constant. Both the inductance and the associated resistive part are shown to be frequency-dependent if this condition is not exactly satisfied.     

New grounded simulated inductance circuit using a single PFTFN

A new single-PFTFN based lossless grounded inductance simulation circuit has been presented. The proposed circuit employs a single PFTFN along with four resistors and a single capacitor and realises a lossless grounded inductance subject to the fulfillment of only one realization condition. Some sample results of circuits realized with the new simulated inductor using existing CMOS FTFN implementation have been given to demonstrate the workability of the new circuit.     

微波单片集成有源电感

本文介绍了一种由砷化镓单片集成电路工艺实现的Q值相对较高的微波有源电感的新型结构,其电路原理图由三个微波场效应晶体管和一个电容组成.这种微波有源电感具有工作频率高,电感值不受晶片大小的限制,并且具有可受直流偏压控制的特点,在微波电路微型化方面具有较高的实用价值.     

New lossless inductance simulators realization using a minimum active and passive components

In this paper, five new lossless grounded inductance simulators are presented. All proposed inductor simulator circuits employ with only a single Fully Differential Second-Generation Current Conveyor (FDCCII), two resistors and a capacitor are proposed. Moreover, all passive components are grounded therefore the proposed inductance simulator circuits offer ease of integration and tuning advantages with low sensitivities. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed FDCCII-based inductance simulators, we use one of the circuits to construct a current-mode multifunction filter. The proposed inductance simulator circuits and current-mode multifunction filter are simulated with SPICE program. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.     

改进型双频段低噪声放大器设计

设计了一种电流复用结构的双频段低噪声放大器,其中心频率为900 MHz和1 900 MHz。为减少芯片面积和提高电路性能,给出了一种改进的输入端和级间匹配网络,利用小电感LC网络代替大电感的栅极电感Lg和级间电感Ld1。仿真结果表明:该低噪放在两个需要的频带内功率增益(S21)大于16.0 dB;输入反射系数(S11)小于-18.6 dB;输出反射系数(S22)小于-12 dB;反向隔离(S12)小于-40 dB;噪声系数(NF)小于2.8 dB;线性度(IP3)大于-9.5 dBm。设计采用SMIC 0.18μmCMOS工艺,功耗为8.64 mW,电源电压1.8 V。     

A Tunable RF MEMS Inductor on Silicon Incorporating an Amorphous Silicon Bimorph in a Low-Temperature Process

A novel tunable radio frequency microelectromechanical system inductor based on the bimorph effect of an amorphous silicon (a-Si) and aluminum structural layer is presented. The outer turns of the inductor have a vertical height of 450 mum when no voltage is applied. A 32% tuning range with high inductance (5.6-8.2 nH) is achieved by the application of a voltage, with the structure completely flattening at 2 V. With no actuation, the peak quality factor is 15, and the self-resonance frequency is 7 GHz. The fact that the device is fabricated on Si in a low-temperature (150 degC) process enhances the potential for system integration     

1.8 GHz CMOS有源负载低噪声放大器

提出了一种新的变压器型有源电感负载低噪声放大器设计方案。单片无源大电感的品质因数通常很低,因此,需验证变压器型有源电感替代无源电感负载的有效性,与现有的一些单片无源电感负载低噪声放大器进行了比较,结果表明变压器型有源电感负载低噪声放大器可以得到更低的噪声系数。     

采用新型可调谐有源电感的频率可调谐高Q低噪声的带通滤波器

对采用双回转结构交叉耦合差分有源电感(DGC-DAI)的可调谐、高品质因子Q和低噪声差分有源带通滤波器(THQLNA-BPF)进行了研究。输入级,采用差分共基-共射结构,以抑制噪声和获得高频特性;输出级,采用差分共集放大器,以获得高的驱动能力和高的隔离度;有源电感滤波网络,利用DAI电感值可宽范围调谐、高Q值和低的噪声,来分别实现BPF的中心频率的宽范围调节、高Q值和良好的噪声特性;进一步地,利用变容二极管网络改善BPF中心频率的可调性和提高Q值,利用有源可调负阻网络提高BPF的Q值和进行Q值独立调节。基于WIN 0.2μm GaAs HBT工艺,利用ADS对THQLNA-BPF进行性能验证。结果表明:中心频率可在1.68 GHz~4.32 GHz范围内调谐,调谐量达2.64 GHz;最大和最小Q分别达到83.6和33.6;噪声范围为6.04 dB~8.83 dB;在中心频率为3.69 GHz时,输入1 dB压缩点为-7.3 dBm,稳定系数μ>1;静态功耗小于18 mW。     

A Novel Grounded Inductor Realization Using a Minimum Number of Active and Passive Components

In this study, we present a new topology for realizing a grounded inductor employing only a single current conveyor, called a negative‐type modified inverting second‐generation current conveyor (MICCII‐), and a minimum number of passive components, two resistors, and one capacitor. The non‐ideality effects of the MICCII‐on a simulated inductor are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the presented inductance simulator, we use it to construct a third order Butterworth high‐pass filter and a parallel resonant circuit. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Parasitic resistance current sensing topology for coupled inductors

Traditional current sensing topology based on inductor equivalent series resistance fails to extract phase currents for coupled inductors due to the presence of the magnetising inductance. This article proposes a new direct-current resistance current sensing topology for coupled inductors. By implementation of a simple resistor-capacitor network, the proposed topology can preserve the coupling effect between phases. As a result, real phase inductor currents and total current can be sensed. Detailed mathematical analysis and design equations are presented in this article. Sensitivity and mismatch issues are addressed. Experimental results show that the proposed topologies are able to extract phase current as well as total current with acceptable accuracy.     

超宽带锥形电感特性研究

锥形螺旋电感是一种新型电感,在较宽的频带内有良好的一致性,在毫米波电路和光载无线通信系统（RoF Radio-over-Fiber）中有广泛的应用.本文对锥形螺旋电感感值、螺旋电感长度、直流电阻的计算方法进行了研究,给出了精确计算方法,其中,电感值误差在10.2%以内,直流电阻误差在6.5%以内;对锥形空心螺旋电感微波特性进行研究,提出了一种等效模型,该模型拟合计算结果与实测曲线有较好的一致性,使用该模型给出了螺旋电感宽带特性的详细理论推导,同时利用该模型首次对锥形螺旋电感的宽带特性进行了直观解释;最后,将绕制参数对电感微波性能的影响进行分析,引入单位长度电感量参数α和电感量-频率参数β,可对超宽带锥形电感微波特性进行优化,对某些特性进行快速优化.