涡轮叶栅通道中的流动显示

在大尺寸低速叶栅传热风洞中对一种高压涡轮导向叶栅的流场进行了流动显示实验研究。分别采用线簇和小球浮动法对五个雷诺数下的叶栅端壁区三维流场、叶片表面和端壁表面的流动进行了显示。实验结果表明 :涡轮叶栅中有强烈的二次流动 ,并存在复杂的涡系 ;三维流动区约占叶栅通道的 40 % ;雷诺数的增大将增强端壁区的三维流动。流场显示图片说明 :叶片吸力面靠近端壁有角涡形成与发展 ,并存在一个三角形区域 ;流场显示的通道涡大小与流场测量结果吻合。本文的实验结果可用于分析端壁表面和叶片表面换热特性的形成机理     

液力透平动静叶栅内的流动特性

以径向导叶式离心泵反转作液力透平为研究对象,对全流道进行结构化六面体网格划分,运用大涡模拟(large eddy simulation,LES)模型进行三维非定常数值计算,分析了透平工况下动静叶栅内的压力分布、内部速度场、流道涡量分布、拟序涡流结构及演化过程。结果表明:所选的径向导叶式离心泵作透平时水力性能良好,动静叶栅交界面附近出现局部高压和局部高速流,非定常流动时动静叶栅内涡旋运动明显,流道内涡量主要分布在导叶工作面和叶片背面,伴随着叶轮旋转产生的涡在流道内会出现拉伸、合并和撕裂的演化形式。     

高空低雷诺数压气机叶栅气动性能数值研究

本文采用数值仿真方法研究了亚声速叶栅损失特性和流场结构在高空低雷诺数条件下的流动特点,获得了叶型损失系数和流场结构在不同雷诺数情况下的变化规律。结果表明:随着雷诺数降低,平面叶栅总压恢复系数分布以及叶栅尾迹区流动均发生剧烈的变化;随着雷诺数降低,零攻角与负攻角的吸力面尾缘分离区增大,且在20km时吸力面出现明显的分离涡;随着雷诺数的降低,分离涡逐渐后移。     

正/反弯曲对高负荷压气机叶栅流场影响机理

弯曲叶片是改善压气机近端壁流动的有效技术手段之一。为探索叶片弯曲对高负荷压气机叶栅流场的影响机理,在初始高负荷直列叶栅的基础上,设计了不同正/反弯曲水平的叶栅,并采用数值模拟方法对系列叶栅进行研究。研究发现:叶片正弯曲形成了中间静压低、两端静压高的"C"形静压分布,可有效改善压气机叶栅近端壁流场,显著抑制角区分离,使得端壁区域扩压能力提高;正弯曲可增大叶展中部区域负荷,恶化叶中流场,增大流动分离;叶片反弯曲形成了中间静压高、两端静压低的反"C"形静压分布,可显著恶化近端壁区流场,角区分离区增大,端壁区域扩压能力降低,叶中流场有所改善。     

压气机级内动静非定常干涉数值研究

采用非定常数值方法计算了某多级压气机的第七级原型和弯掠动叶级流场,分析了压气机级内动静叶的非定常干扰对静叶流动的影响及改型压气机的尾迹输运特性.数值研究结果表明:同原型相比,采用弯掠设计的动叶减弱了对于下游静叶的非定常干扰,有利于提高整级压气机的气动性能.     

低展弦比涡轮静叶栅叶片正弯曲作用的试验研究

对弯曲叶片研究中代表性的HIT涡轮静叶型重新开展了叶片弯曲对低展弦比涡轮静叶栅流场影响的试验研 究。测量了直叶片叶栅、+10°、+20°和+30°弯曲叶片叶栅的进、出口流场,分析了叶片弯曲对叶栅出口二次流、 总压损失和气流角的影响。结果表明:对该叶型叶栅,叶片正弯曲既不能大幅度降低叶栅二次流损失,也不能改 善叶栅出口气流角沿叶高的分布:叶栅出口二次流动、尾缘涡及壁角涡随叶片正弯曲角的增大而增强,而通道涡 强度和位置变化不大;该研究结果同以往有关文献的研究结果完全不同。     

轴向间距改变对压气机clocking效应影响的数值模拟

采用一种新型的环面叶栅计算方法对两级低速压气机中径处的非定常流动情况进行了数值模拟,针对第二排静叶在一个栅距内的8个不同的时序位置下,同时移动动叶在轴向相对位置,通过数值计算结果表明:在两级静叶间轴向间距不变的情况下,动叶的轴向位置对上游静叶尾迹输运过程有显著影响,在三个CASE计算中,动叶后移时,压气机效率整体最高.轴向间距的缩短对提高整机效率有益.此外环面叶栅计算结果跟平面叶栅结果总体上趋于一致,最高、最低时序位置也相同,但流场信息更为丰富合理;相对于通常的单流道计算,环面叶栅方法更能全面反映全流道周向流动情况,从而为叶轮机械设计及前后叶排间相互干涉研究提供理论依据.     

大膨胀比局部进气涡轮叶栅流场数值模拟研究

为探究局部进气对涡轮叶栅内部流场的影响机理,本文针对某大膨胀比涡轮叶栅,采用数值模拟方法,对局部进气条件下涡轮叶栅内部流场开展了详细的研究与分析,并研究了不同的出口马赫数与来流攻角下局部进气涡轮叶栅内部流动规律和机理.结果表明:局部进气导致涡轮叶栅中马赫数分布发生变化,在涡轮叶栅进口出现高马赫数区域和弓形激波,进口气流...     

平面涡轮叶栅内旋涡结构的试验研究

选择3种典型的平面涡轮叶栅,叶型折转角分别为68o、113o和160o,通过对其内部流场进行详细测量和流动分析,讨论叶型折转角对出口涡量分布、气流角分布以及流动损失的影响,并获得3种典型叶栅的旋涡模型。结果表明,在平面涡轮叶栅中存在着复杂的旋涡结构,而且对于不同的叶型折转角,旋涡模型也不同:随着叶型折转角的增加,流场中通道涡的强度不断增强,其位置也不断向叶片中部移动;受其影响,尾缘涡在整个流场中的地位则随着叶型折转角的增加而逐步降低。旋涡结构的变化会引起叶栅出口的气流角、密流和损失分布的明显差别,可以通过控制旋涡结构来重新组织流场。因此,认识叶栅内旋涡结构的基本特征可以为气动优化策略的选择提供依据。     

叶尖小翼调控压气机叶栅间隙流场结构的试验研究*

在低速条件下,对叶尖不同位置安装小翼的压气机叶栅流场进行试验研究。通过端壁静压孔对上端壁流场进行测量,叶栅出口流场利用五孔气动探针测量,细致分析不同安装方式叶尖小翼对压气机叶栅叶尖端区流场结构、气动损失和通流能力的影响。结果表明,不同安装方式的叶尖小翼对压气机叶栅间隙流场影响不同。与无叶尖小翼的常规叶栅相比,吸力面小翼使得叶栅损失降低的同时带来了流动堵塞的降低,压力面小翼使得叶栅损失和流动堵塞同时增加,组合小翼在降低叶栅损失的同时有效降低了叶栅的流动堵塞,改善了叶栅的通流能力。通过与常规叶栅叶尖区域流场结构的详细对比分析,对不同安装方式的叶尖小翼的影响机理做出解释。     

基于动态模态分解的叶道涡非定常解耦与重构

为进一步探索混流式水轮机偏负荷工况下叶道涡的演变机制,引入动态模态分解方法并结合数值模拟与实验对水轮机叶道涡的非定常流场进行相干结构的解耦.数值结果表明,叶道涡呈低频特性,演化的主频为0.5倍水轮机转频;涡管状叶道涡空腔起源于叶轮上冠,并与叶片背面的片状涡连为一体.应用动态模态分解方法获得了叶道涡速度场的动态模态,并将...     

Numerical Study of Flow Characteristics due to Interaction Between a Pair of Vortices in a Turbulent Boundary Layer

This paper represents a numerical study of the flow field due to the interactions between a pair of vortices produced by vortex generators in a rectangular channel flow. In order to analyze longitudinal vortices induced by the vortex generators, the pseudo-compressibility method is introduced into the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Strokes equations of a 3-dimensional unsteady, incompressible viscous flow. A two-layer κ-ε turbulence model is applied to a flat plate 3-dimensional turbulence boundary to predict the flow structure and turbulence characteristics of the vortices. The computational results predict accurately the vortex characteristics related to the flow field, the Reynolds shear stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. Also, in the prediction of skin friction characteristics the computational results are reasonably close to those of the experiment obtained from other researchers.     

基于非稳态计算对旋风机三维流场的数值模拟

应用三维非定常数值计算方法对矿用对旋轴流风机的非定常特性进行了数值模拟研究。数值计算中将SIMPLE算法与RNGκ-ε湍流模型相结合,以风机三维全流道为计算域,获得了对旋风机叶轮区域3对干涉面上速度场和涡量场的非定常分布。通过数值模拟结果与设计参数和试验结果的比较,验证了数值预测结果的准确性。模拟结果表明,对旋风机在一个旋转周期的不同时刻,其内部流场存在显著的非定常特性。     

对旋轴流风机三维流场的非定常数值模拟研究

应用三维非定常数值计算方法对矿用对旋轴流风机的非定常特性进行了数值模拟研究.数值计算中将SIM-PLE算法与RNG k-ε湍流模型相结合,以风机三维全流道为计算域,获得了对旋风机不同特征面上压力特性的非定常分布.计算结果表明,对旋风机在一个旋转周期的不同时刻,其内部流场存在显著的非定常特性.     

Numerical investigation of two-phase flow characteristics in multiphase pump with split vane impellers

Multiphase pump is a cost-effective option for subsea oil and gas field development. The ability to handle different inlet gas volume fractions (GVFs) especially high inlet GVF is critical to the development of pump performance. In this study, the two-phase flow characteristics in normal impeller and split vane impeller at different inlet GVFs were investigated by steady numerical simulations. The gas distribution on blade-to-blade plane and meridional flow channel at different inlet GVFs were analyzed and compared. Gas accumulation area and movement characteristics of the gas-liquid flow in impeller flow passage were also pointed out by unsteady simulations. Experimental results of the pump differential pressure were compared with the numerical simulation results, to validate the accuracy of numerical simulation method. The flow characteristics in pump with modified impeller and its performance at different inlet GVFs were both compared with that of the normal impeller. The steady simulation results of normal impeller in different inlet GVFs show that gas concentrating area in the flow passage increases as inlet GVF grows. The unsteady simulation results indicate that gas pocket firstly occurs on the pressure side of impeller, then moves to the suction side in the middle area of blade and finally transfers to outlet of impeller and disappears. The errors between numerical simulation results and experiment data are below 10 %, which validated the feasibility of the numerical simulation method. Simulation results on the split vane impeller demonstrate that the gas accumulation area in flow passage of the modified impeller is dramatically decreased compared to that of the normal impeller. The performance of the modified impeller is generally better than the normal impeller especially in high inlet GVF conditions.

     

平面叶栅周期性特性数值研究

为探索改善小角度进气条件下叶栅栅前流动周期性的试验控制方法,以某跨音速压气机平面叶栅试验件为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究了小角度进气条件下尾板偏移角度和端壁通道宽度对叶栅栅前周期性分布的影响。研究结果发现：叶栅在小角度进气时栅前周期性分布特性较差,调节下尾板角度对栅前周期性具有一定影响,调节上尾板对近端壁通道气流难以起到导流效果;采用全叶片式叶栅进气方案时,仅端壁附近流道的流动受到边界附面层影响,而中间测量通道内的周期性分布得到明显改善;改变近端壁两端通道宽度可以有效改善栅前流场周期性。     

叶轮机械内部流动研究进展

以叶轮机械内部流动研究方法为线索,分别从理论分析、试验测试和数值计算三个方面对国内外叶轮机械内部流动的研究进展和现状进行综述.首先概述叶轮机械内部流动损失的分类、定义和研究现状.然后分别从分离流动理论、涡动力学和叶轮机械流型三个层次介绍叶轮机械内部流动理论的发展;从平面叶栅、环形叶栅、动态试验和试验技术等方面回顾叶轮机械试验研究进展;从控制方程、数值方法、网格生成等方面综述叶轮机械数值计算研究方法、研究内容及成果等,并概括改善叶轮机械气动性能的方法和现状.最后对叶轮机械内部流动研究进行展望.结果表明,叶轮机械内部流动研究取得了巨大进展,有些研究成果已经应用到了设计工作中,但仍需对叶轮机械内部流动进行更深入的研究.     

Analysis of the Pump-turbine S Characteristics Using the Detached Eddy Simulation Method

Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties during load rejection with unusual increases in the water pressure, which leads to machine vibrations. This paper describes both model tests and numerical simulations. A reduced scale model of a low specific speed pump-turbine was used for the performance tests, with comparisons to computational fluid dynamics(CFD) results. Predictions using the detached eddy simulation(DES) turbulence model, which is a combined Reynolds averaged Naviers-Stokes(RANS) and large eddy simulation(LES) model, are compared with the two-equation turbulence mode results. The external characteristics as well as the internal flow are for various guide vane openings to understand the unsteady flow along the so called S characteristics of a pump-turbine. Comparison of the experimental data with the CFD results for various conditions and times shows that DES model gives better agreement with experimental data than the two-equation turbulence model. For low flow conditions, the centrifugal forces and the large incident angle create large vortices between the guide vanes and the runner inlet in the runner passage, which is the main factor leading to the S-shaped characteristics. The turbulence model used here gives more accurate simulations of the internal flow characteristics of the pump-turbine and a more detailed force analysis which shows the mechanisms controlling of the S characteristics.