一步活化法碳纤维表面镀铜

采用一步活化法对碳纤维表面镀铜,简化了工艺,同时得到了性能较好的镀层。文中详细地解释了化学镀机理及镀液配方,得到碳纤维复合材料化学镀铜的最佳工艺范围。     

碳纤维的化学镀铜

本文提出一种碳纤维的化学镀铜技术,研究了各种工艺参数对镀层特性的影响。结果表明,使用化学镀技术在碳纤维表面镀铜是成功的,镀层均匀、连续;镀铜速率主要受镀液中HCHO的浓度控制。应用此镀铜碳纤维成功地制造出碳纤维增强铝基复合材料。     

SPCC钢碱性无氰直接预镀铜工艺研究

目的提高LED支架的性价比,减少SPCC钢表面镀银预镀铜工艺的镀液污染,简化现有的预镀镍-镀铜施镀工艺,提高预镀层质量。方法采用HEDP碱性无氰直接预镀铜方法来简化工艺,用单因素实验法,系统研究了电流密度、镀液pH、电镀温度、HEDP/Cu~(2+)摩尔比、电镀时间等参数,对镀层镀速、孔隙率及镀层表面质量的影响,并表征镀层的微观组织及镀层结合力。结果在阴极电流密度为1.41 A/dm~2,pH值为9.5,温度为50℃,HEDP/Cu~(2+)摩尔比为3.75:1(Cu~(2+)为10 g/L),时间为11 min的条件下,可获得镀速约为1.7 mg/(cm~2·min)的预镀铜层,且镀层与基体的结合力良好,无孔隙,呈良好的光亮/半光亮状的细晶镀层。结论与钢铁表面氰化镀铜及镀银前预镀铜工艺相比,推荐的HEDP直接预镀铜工艺的镀层质量好,可满足直接镀铜和镀银前预镀铜工艺要求,可有效减少镀液污染和简化施镀工艺,对SPCC钢的镀铜工艺改善具有较好的推广价值。     

CeCl对H08Mn2 Si焊丝镀铜层性能的影响

在二氧化碳气体保护焊丝酸性镀铜液中加入稀土氯化物CeCl添加剂.研究了CeCl的添加量、施镀时间、施镀温度对焊丝镀铜层的耐蚀性、结合强度及外观的影响.试验表明:适量的CeCl添加到镀铜液中可明显改善焊丝镀铜层的质量,建议在基本镀液配方的基础上添加1×10-4～1×10-3g/L的CeCl;而且,CeCl的加入使施镀工艺范围拓宽,施镀温度为30～50℃,施镀时间为5～15s均可获得性能较佳的镀铜层.     

连续立式钢带镀铜生产工艺的研究

1.前言氰化物连续钢带镀铜生产线在国内首次投入工业试生产。它在设备上不同于一般的浸挂镀铜,是采用立式连续镀铜,镀槽分储液槽和工艺槽。工艺槽用高弹橡胶密封,利用泵把镀液从储液槽打入工艺槽进行工作。工艺上要求快速、高效率地镀铜,而通常氰化物镀铜的阴极电流效率较低,一般为60～     

工艺参数对连续碳纤维表面电磁搅拌化学镀镍的影响

目的解决连续碳纤维在镀覆过程中易出现黑心现象以及无法完全浸泡于镀液中的问题,制备镀层均匀的连续碳纤维镍镀层。方法引入外加电磁搅拌对连续碳纤维进行化学镀镍,研究了施镀时间、镀液温度、镀液pH值以及电磁搅拌转速对连续碳纤维表面微观形貌及镀层沉积速率的影响规律。结果当搅拌转速一定时,随着施镀时间、镀液温度、镀液pH值的不断增加,碳纤维表面镀层逐渐变得均匀完整,且镀层厚度逐渐增大。但当施镀时间超过20 min,镀液温度超过75℃,镀液pH值超过8时,镀层表面沉积了大量形状不一的胞状镍颗粒,形成粗糙的表面形貌。镀层的沉积速率随着镀液温度、镀液pH值的升高而增大。当搅拌转速由200 r/min增加到300 r/min时,镀层的沉积速率随着搅拌转速的增加而不断增大;当搅拌转速由300 r/min增加到400 r/min时,镀层的沉积速率随着搅拌转速的增加而不断减小。结论电磁搅拌辅助连续碳纤维化学镀镍的最佳施镀工艺参数为:施镀时间15~20 min,镀液温度75℃,镀液pH为8,搅拌转速200~250 r/min。采用此工艺参数能获得表面致密、均匀完整的镍镀层。     

化学镀铜法制备 Cu-CNTs 复合粉体的预分散工艺研究

利用离子型表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)和非离子型表面活性剂(TX10)对碳纳米管进行了预分散,不通过活化、敏化处理,直接采用化学镀方法在CNTs表面包覆金属铜。对比了两种分散剂的分散效果,研究了镀液pH值、温度及施镀时间对包覆效果的影响。结果表明:十二烷基苯磺酸钠的分散效果更好,更有利于镀铜;在镀液温度为30℃,pH为11~12的条件下施镀30 min,可以获得被铜完全包覆的碳纳米管。     

高分散光亮酸性镀铜新工艺

采用霍尔槽法及电化学法研究了添加剂对镀层质量、镀液分散能力的影响.结果表明随着添加剂BSP,H1,PN,PEG加入量增大,镀层光亮区和镀液分散能力均先增大后减小.X型光亮剂酸性镀铜新工艺适宜条件下可在20～40℃下得到光亮平整的镀层,对应电流密度0.5～14.3 A/dm2.施镀15 min,镀液分散能力可达32.8%...     

碱性条件下碳纤维镀镍

为在碳纤维表面镀一层致密的镍,以扩大具有优良性能的碳纤维的使用范围,采用化学镀镍的方法对碳纤维进行表面改性,就整个施镀过程中至关重要的前期处理步骤进行了详细分析.经SEM和EDS表征分析表明:化学施镀后,碳纤维表面镀有均匀的镀层,镀层成分为Ni及P.碱性镀液条件下得O、P、Ni的质量比为3∶ 1∶ 6.因镀磁性金属镍,增强了碳纤维磁方面的性能,为开发性应用提供了建设性意见.     

钼粉上化学镀铜工艺的研究

采用化学镀方法对平均粒度为3 μm的钼粉进行化学镀铜,温度和pH值分别控制在55～75℃和11.5～13.利用X射线衍射分析镀后粉末的相组成,用SEM观察未镀铜和镀铜粉末的形貌.结果表明,温度65℃、pH值12.5为化学镀铜的最佳工艺,此时,铜含量达到46%(质量分数,下同).提出了钼粉表面镀铜层生长的"扩散-缩小自催化"模型.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.