钛基锡锑氧化物涂层电极的研究进展

概述了钛基锡锑氧化物涂层电极制备方法的研究进展,主要包括热分解法、溶胶-凝胶法和电沉积法,并评述了各种涂层制备方法的优势与不足.探讨了掺杂元素、颗粒以及添加中间层对钛电极改性的影响.     

IrTa氧化物涂层钛阳极恶化原因分析

IrTa氧化物涂层钛阳极是公认的优良析氧尺寸稳定阳极。分析其恶化原因,有基体金属钝化、涂层损耗、涂层剥落、机械损坏及各种综合因素,采取防钝化措施,取得成效。     

钛基金属氧化物涂层电极的研究进展

钛基金属氧化物涂层电极又称DSA,是一种新型不溶性阳极电极。综述了钛基金属氧化物涂层电极的研究进展,包括钛基钌系涂层电极、钛基铱系涂层电极、钛基二氧化锰电极和钛基二氧化铅电极。介绍了不同钛基涂层电极材料的制备方法、性能特点和应用情况,并对其今后的发展方向作了展望。     

阳极涂层的研究进展

一种涂布了电催化活性金属氧化物的涂层阳极（DSA）是20世纪60年代发展起来的一种新型不溶性阳极电极。主要从基体、金属氧化物涂层以及制备工艺等方面论述了影响DSA阳极涂层性能的因素,并对其今后的发展方向作了展望。     

Ru-Ti-Sn/Ti三元氧化物金属阳极的析氧性能

本文用一般电极性能测试方法考察了Ru-Ti-Sn/Ti三元氧化物涂层阳极的电极寿命和析氧活性。实验表明，与Ru-Ti/Ti、Ru-Ti-Ir/Ti氧化物阳极比较，Ru-Sn-Ti/Ti阳极具有一定的析氧活性和抗氧化作用。     

DSA涂层钛阳极及其应用

阐述了DSA涂层钛阳极的分类、性能特点及其应用,并对其制备工序做了简单的介绍。     

金属阳极涂层的析氧电位

以金属阳极涂层的析氯电位检测方法为基础，在进行部分改变后，对金属阳极的析氧电位进行检测。在十几个金属阳极生产（修复）单位，实际生产的金属阳极产品抽取的试样中，以对几十个试片的析氧电位检测结果为依据，进行分析讨论，给出了不同涂层的析氧极化情况，析氧电位和的氧析氯电位差的统计情况。同时证明，甘汞电极也可以做为金属阳极涂层析氧电位检测的参比电极。     

含锡锑中间层的析氧阳极的制备及性能研究

从延缓涂层钛阳极基体钝化的角度出发,采用热分解法制备了含SnO2-Sb2O5中间层的钛基铱钽电极.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、能谱等方法对Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/IrO2-Ta2O5阳极表面的形貌,相结构、元素组成和电化学性能进行了分析.结果表明,Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/IrO2-Ta2O5阳极的使用寿命较Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5阳极有大幅度的提高,并且具有更高的电催化活性.Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/IrO2-Ta2O5是一种在酸性环境中非常具有前景的析氧阳极.     

Ni-Fe基析氧阳极材料的研究进展

寻找一种高效、稳定和低成本的析氧阳极材料对于在碱性环境中电解水的研究具有非常重要的实际意义。近年来,Ni-Fe基材料以其低成本及在碱性条件下具有高催化活性的特点成为析氧反应电极材料的研究热点。本文概述了近几年国内外学者对不同的Ni-Fe基析氧材料(包括Ni-Fe合金、Ni-Fe氧化物、Ni-Fe层状双金属氢氧化物及Ni-Fe基复合材料等)在合成方法、物理形态、化学结构和催化性能等方面所进行的研究,介绍了Ni-Fe基材料的析氧反应机理的进展,探究了析氧反应活性相以及Fe的掺入对Ni基氢氧化物的结构和活性的影响,最后指出了合成方法的改进及详细反应机理的探究将会成为未来Ni-Fe基析氧阳极材料的重点研究方向。     

涂层电极的40年

钛阳极也称DSA,是以金属钛为基体在其表面涂覆以铂族元素氧化物的一种电极材料。总结了40年来DSA在电解工业中的应用概况。对各种型号的析氯电解用DSA涂层组分及其特点进行了说明,同时,对应用于硫酸电解、铜箔制造、印刷电路基板电镀、钢板镀锌和三价铬电镀等工业中的DSA进行了介绍。指出了今后的发展方向。     

固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料Sr_2Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_6(SFM)/Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)(SDC)的研究

采用机械混合法合成了Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6(SFM)和Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)质量比为7∶3的SFM/SDC复合材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H2-TPR、EIS等表征手段对其进行了表征,并以SFM/SDC|La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17O3(LSGM)|Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3(BSCF)为单电池片进行电化学测试,对其性能进行评价。结果表明,复合材料取得了较好的放电性能,即以氢气为燃料气,850、800、750℃时分别取得了630.6、548.4、426 mW/cm2最大功率密度;以甲醇为燃料,850、800、750℃时分别取得了551.6、426.8、335.3 mW/cm2最大功率密度。     

Surface activation of manganese oxide electrode for oxygen evolution from seawater

Utilizing the fact that the equilibrium potential of oxygen evolution is lower than that of chlorine evolution, oxygen evolution in seawater electrolysis was enhanced by decreasing the polarization potential under galvanostatic conditions through increasing the effective surface area of manganese oxide electrodes. Electrodes were prepared by a thermal decomposition method. IrO2-coated titanium (IrO2/Ti electrode) was used as the substrate on which manganese oxide was coated (MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode). Subsequently, oxide mixtures of manganese and zinc were coated (MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode). The effective surface area of the MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrodes was increased by selective dissolution of zinc (leaching) into hot 6M KOH. The oxygen evolution efficiency of the MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode was 68–70%. Leaching of zinc from the MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrodes with 25mol% or less zinc led to a significant increase in the oxygen evolution efficiency. The maximum efficiency attained was 86% after leaching of zinc from the MnOX–25mol%ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode. However, large amounts of zinc addition, such as 40mol% or more are detrimental because of a decrease in the oxygen evolution efficiency. This is due to the formation of a double oxide, ZnMnO3, which is hardly dissolved in hot 6M KOH.     

微生物燃料电池阳极材料的修饰研究进展

简要介绍了微生物燃料电池以及微生物燃料电池阳极材料,分别从碳纳米管、导电聚合物、石墨烯、金属及金属离子、中介体以及复合材料等方面介绍了目前微生物燃料电池阳极材料修饰的研究进展,最后展望了微生物燃料电池的应用前景。     

Electrodeposition of iron oxide nanorods on carbon nanofiber scaffolds as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Iron oxide film with spaced radial nanorods is formed on the VGCF (vapor-grown carbon nanofiber) scaffolds by means of anodic electrodeposition. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy show that the iron oxide film deposited on the VGCF surface is α-Fe₂O₃ and consists of spaced radial nanorods having 16-21 nm in diameter after annealing at 400 °C. Galvanostatic charge/discharge results indicate that the α-Fe₂O₃/VGCF anode (970 mAh g⁻¹) has higher capacity than bare α-Fe₂O₃ anode (680 mAh g⁻¹) at 10 C current discharge. VGCF scaffolds fabricated by electrophoretic deposition favor the electron conduction, and the spaced radial nanorods on VGCFs facilitate the migration of lithium ion from the electrolyte. Electrochemical reactions between α-Fe₂O₃ and lithium ion are therefore improved significantly by this tailored architecture.     

Ru-Ir-Sn-Ti/Ti氧化物涂层阳极的性能研究

采用热分解法,在钛基体上制备了具有不同中间层及不同金属元素配比的Ru–Ir–Sn–Ti氧化物涂层阳极,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、极化曲线、强化电解寿命和循环伏安曲线,研究了该氧化物涂层阳极的物理性能和电化学性能,并与Ru–Ir–Ti氧化物涂层阳极进行了比较。结果表明,以IrO2·SnO2为中间层的Ru–Ir–Sn–Ti(摩尔比16∶16∶4∶64)氧化物涂层阳极有较好的电催化性能,其强化寿命达432h。     

铱钛氧化物中间层对钛基氧化铱电极组织及析氧行为的影响

以纳米TiN粉体和氯铱酸的混合液为涂液,采用浸渍一热分解法制备了含IrOx-TiO2中间层的钛基氧化铱电极.研究了IrOx-TiO2中间层对钛基氧化铱电极的显微结构及析氧寿命的影响.结果表明,TiN作为前驱体氧化生成金红石相的二氧化钛与氧化铱形成固溶体,并与钛基体形成了共格界面,从而构成了铱钛复合氧化物中间层,中间层的加入没有改变传统钛基氧化铱电极的基本形貌特征和组成,因而具有相同的电催化响应特性;由于中间层中二氧化钛的固溶和与钛基体的共格结合起到机械和化学的双重作用,电极的析氧寿命明显延长,从而通过实验手段证明了氧化铱电极失效的主要机制是由于钛基界面的劣化引起的.     

贱金属氧化物不溶性阳极的研究进展

介绍了 PbOZ.SnO2.MnO2.CO3O4等贱金属氧化物不溶性阳极的研究和应用状况以及存在的问题,认为有效改善贱金属氧化物阳极的使用性能特别是表面催化性能以及如何搭配各种贱金属氧化物将是其替代贵重金属氧化物阳极的关键.     

Synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of tin oxide for use as anode in lithium rechargeable batteries

SnO₂ was synthesized by precipitation from an aqueous solution of SnCl₄ and NH₄OH, followed by a heat treatment. The product was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, DSC and TG. The XRD patterns suggest the formation of phase-pure cassiterite form of SnO₂. SEM imaging indicates that the particles obtained are of sub-micron size with good morphology and size control (around ∼300 nm). Electrodes were fabricated by a slurry-coating procedure and the electrochemical performances of these electrodes were evaluated using galvanostatic cycling tests. The results suggest that the heat treated SnO₂ samples deliver higher capacities when cycled between 1.0 and 0.1 V vs. Li⁺/Li and showed coulombic efficiencies of more than 98% in the tenth cycle.