Bishop, Eysenck, Block, and psychoticism.

J. Block (see record 1978-28560-001) questioned evidence for the validity of the Eysenck Psychoticism (P) scale based on the psychophysiological findings of G. S. Claridge and H. J. Chappa (see record 1974-02520-001) that Ss high in psychoticism showed an unusual and counterintuitive relationship between 2-flash threshold and skin conductance. The present authors argue that Block's criticism that the result may be ephemeral is incorrect for 3 reasons. First, the cut-off point used to define the low skin conductance range over which the relationship was most evident was not as arbitrary as Block suggests. Second, replication data demonstrated the same result. And third, the unusual psychophysiology found in high P Ss has also been observed in normal Ss under LSD-25 and in acute schizophrenics. However, the present authors also point out that all their work on psychoticism was based on an earlier version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (the Psychoticism-Extraversion-Neuroticism Inventory), whose items may have more face validity than the published version. Finally, D. V. M. Bishop's (see record 1978-30744-001) interpretation of the present authors' dimensional concept of psychoticism is corrected. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Eysencks and psychoticism.

Points out an inconsistency in the positions taken by H. J. Eysenck and S. B. G. Eysenck (see record 1978-28580-001) regarding the validation of the Eysenck Adul t Psychoticism (P) Scale as a measure of psychoticism. A study offered as evidence for the validity of the P scale is considered and evaluated to be of doubtful support. Would-be users of the P scale are urged to evaluate the relations surrounding the measure to see if it is likely to serve their own conceptual requirements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychosis and psychoticism: A reply to Bishop.

This brief rejoinder to D. V. Bishop's (1977) critique of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and in particular the concept of psychoticism (P), emphasizes that when all the evidence available is taken into account and when the theory is seen in its proper development, the criticisms advanced by Bishop will be seen not to be tenable. It is concluded that there is much evidence for the viability of the concept of psychoticism and for the validity of the questionnaire measurement of P. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationship between color-word test interference and MMPI indices of psychoticism and defensive rigidity in normal males and females.

Administered 2 forms of the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test and 3 scales derived from the MMPI to 26 male and 25 female undergraduates. Results raise questions about traditional interpretations of the color-word test as conflict-free measure of cognitive style and about the degree to which cognitive ability measures are saturated with modality-specific variance that is ordinarily overlooked. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychoticism as a dimension of personality: A multivariate genetic test of Eysenck and Eysenck's psychoticism construct.

In this study, we applied multivariate genetic analysis, a generalization of factor analysis and behavior genetic analysis, to responses to items of the Psychoticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire by 2,903 adult same-sex Australian twin pairs. Item loadings on genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental common and specific factors were estimated. The genetic factor structure differed considerably from the environmental structures, particularly in men. The genetic factor correlation between suspiciousness items and items reflecting unconventional or tough-minded attitudes or hostility to others was negative, but the environmental correlation was positive. Thus, conventional behavior genetic studies that have reported significant heritability of psychoticism, on the basis of analyses of scale scores, are misleading as to what trait is being inherited. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Block and Buirski and to DeFrancesco.

Responds to comments by P. Block and P. Buirski (see record 1993-07301-001) and J. J. DeFrancesco (see record 1993-07303-001) regarding the authors' (see record 1992-06970-001) idea for a network of centers of excellence to provide postdoctoral training. The authors address services to the underserved, prolonged professional training, and a changing marketplace. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Twin Block appliance. Part II

The main purpose of the Twin Block is to advance the mandible and to correct moderate to severe overjets. When the first molars are encouraged to erupt, the Twin Block also results in a partial correction of the overbite. The Rick-A-Nator or Rick-A-Nator 2 Appliances are utilized to hold the mandible in a forward position and also to help erupt the bicuspids to complete the orthopedic correction of the overbite. It is vital that the total treatment time for the active phase with the Twin Block and the support phase with the Rick-A-Nator be a minimum of 15 to 18 months to allow for permanent muscular, skeletal and dental changes to be accomplished.     

Reply to the comments of Block and Ozer.

Replies to the comments of J. Block and D. J. Ozer (see record 1983-00123-001). The key issues in their argument are examined and found to be unpersuasive. The present authors' remarks are divided into 3 sections: conceptual issues, data-analytic issues, and broader issues in personality research and typological thinking. Additional empirical evidence is presented to bolster the contentions originally presented by the 2nd author et al (see record 1983-00168-001). (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Surface and Subsurface Flow through Block Ramps

Block ramps are permeable hydraulic structures. Flow that enters the block ramp infiltrates between the blocks and eventually on the porous base material on which the ramp is posed. The percentage rate of subsurface flow with respect to the total flow at the entrance of a block ramp or a rock chute is studied experimentally and analyzed by means of dimensional analysis. This quantity is described as a function of related parameters, such as the total inflow discharge, the particles’ characteristics, the thickness of the base material bed, the geometric characteristics of the block ramp, and the boundary conditions at the toe of the ramp itself. The experimental data were elaborated in order to supply new formulations of the flow discharge through the base ramp material and the block ramp energy dissipation. The amount of energy losses of such structures is essentially a function of the geometry and the bed surface characteristics of the ramp, the hydraulic conditions, and the percentage rate of the subsurface flow.     

Solid ground in the wetlands of personality: A reply to Block.

The five-factor model (FFM) of personality offers a structural organization of personality traits in terms of 5 broad factors. J. Block's (see record 1995-21277-001) critique of the FFM failed to recognize the utility of a trait taxonomy and the intent of research designed to test the 5-factor hypothesis. In a number of instances he omitted reference to empirical evidence that addresses concerns he raised; this evidence shows strong support for the FFM beyond the lexical and questionnaire traditions he reviews. Many of his suggestions for improving the quality of personality research are valuable, but are likely to be more fruitful when used in conjunction with established knowledge about the structure of personality traits: the FFM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A prospective evaluation of Bass, Bionator and Twin Block appliances. Part II--The soft tissues

A prospective clinical study with a random allocation of 47 patients to three different functional appliance groups was established and compared with a slightly younger control group over a 9-month period. The cephalometric hard tissue changes were assessed in relation to the soft tissue changes produced and the patients were also assessed by three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning of the facial soft tissues. Each 'averaged' appliance group scan was compared with the 'averaged' control group face. Statistically and clinically significant changes occurred in the group treated with the Twin Block appliance, and to a lesser extent in the group treated with the Bionator appliance. No statistically significant facial soft tissue changes could be demonstrated in the Bass appliance group. Upper lip position remained stable despite the significant overjet reduction attained in the three appliance groups. Lower lip protrusion (up to 3.8 mm), lower lip length (up to 4.0 mm), and soft tissue lower and total face height increased significantly in all appliance groups by varying amounts. The long-term effect of these changes needs to be fully evaluated. The laser scanning system was found to be a sensitive and accurate method of quantitatively assessing small changes in the soft tissue facial form. Significant changes of the facial tissues in the transverse plane were highlighted by this technique.     

固定垫片挤压故障及解决办法

本文阐述了固定垫片挤压的原理,分析了固定垫片挤压过程中的常见故障,提出了相应的解决方案,并对挤压轴、中心杆、固定垫片的设计制造提出了改进意见.     

卷取机卷筒故障分析及改造

针对冷轧机组卷取机卷筒故障严重制约生产的问题展开分析,并提出改进措施,总结了方案实施后所取得的成效。     

大型预焙铝电解槽使用碳化硅砖与普通碳砖复合块的探讨

碳化硅砖和碳化硅砖与普通碳砖复合侧块，在上世纪末期我国铝电解槽上开始推广应用。使用后各厂家普遍发现碳化硅砖及碳化硅砖与普通碳块复合侧块均出现不同程度的断裂、上抬和脱落现象，该文对断裂、上抬和脱落原因进行了分析，并提出了改进措施。     

A prospective evaluation of Bass, Bionator and Twin Block appliances. Part I--The hard tissues

A prospective clinical study with a random allocation of 47 adolescent patients to three different functional appliance groups was established and compared with an untreated control group over a 9-month period. Treatment was undertaken with either a Bionator, Twin Block, or Bass appliance. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were used to quantify the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes produced by the appliances and compared with those observed in the control group as a result of growth. Both the Bionator and Twin Block appliances demonstrated a statistically significant increase in mandibular length (3.9 +/- 2.7 mm; 3.7 +/- 2.1 mm, respectively) compared with the control group (P < 0.05), with an anterior movement of pogonion and point B. Highly statistically significant increases (P < 0.01) were seen in lower face heights for all the appliance groups compared with the control group. The Twin Block group showed the least forward movement of point A due to a change in the inclination of the maxillary plane. The Bionator and Twin Block groups showed statistically significant reductions in the inclination of the upper incisors to the maxillary plane (P < 0.05). The Bass group showed minimal change in the inclination of the lower labial segment to the mandibular plane. The Bionator group demonstrated the greatest proclination of the lower labial segment (4.0 +/- 3.6 degrees). Clinically important changes were measured in all the appliance groups when compared with the control group. Differences were also identified between the functional appliance groups. The Twin Block appliance and, to a lesser extent, the Bionator appeared the most effective in producing sagittal and vertical changes.     

Accurate reflection or systematic distortion? A reply to Block, Weiss, and Thorne.

Clarifies the authors' systematic distortion hypothesis (SDH) with reference to the J. Block et al (see record 1980-29222-001) critique. The "bipolar redundancy" effect is found to be an artifact of reduced variance in matrices of uncorrelated traits. It is contended that the SDH remains well supported and that the evidence for the existence of covarying, memory-based ratings remains dubious. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lesions of the Dorsal Hippocampus Block Trace Fear Conditioned Potentiation of Startle.

Several studies show that the hippocampus is critical for the memories mediating trace and contextual fear conditioning. This study investigates whether N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced lesions of the dorsal hippocampus made prior to training affect context fear conditioning and trace fear conditioning measured with the fear-potentiated startle. Pretraining excitotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus blocked acquisition of trace fear conditioning to a tone stimulus but did not affect context fear conditioning. These data indicate that without a dorsal hippocampus rats are unable to acquire trace conditioning but can acquire contextual fear when fear is measured by potentiation of the startle response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)