Teachers encounter PROLOG

Abstract A major problem in introducing computing into schools is how to teach teachers programming and give them confidence to write programs which they can use in their class-rooms. The Exeter Project, originally into PROLOG and History teaching, has experimented with a new user-friendly front-end to PROLOG , called MITSI (Man In The Street Interface), and has written teacher oriented documentation for the existing front-end, SIMPLE . This article analyses teacher's responses to the Project's two latest programming courses, and suggests that PROLOG programming, using appropriate front-ends, might be a particularly successful medium for Humanities teachers.     

Factors affecting microcomputer use and programming ability of secondary school children

Abstract  A survey was conducted in Hertfordshire to provide information about microcomputer use both in school and at home. All schools were found to possess microcomputers but only a limited number of pupils reported using the machines. The extent and type of use was found to be affected by gender, access to a home computer, experience, and competence. The survey included a measure of programming competence and factors that influenced this were investigated. Able programmers were frequently found to be male and to have access to home computers.     

知识程序设计语言LISP和PROLOG综述

通过对知识程序设计语言LISP和PROLOG两种语言进行分析比较,揭示了二者间的差异和以及所具有的共同特点。     

智能程序设计语言VISUAL PROLOG 编程解析

VISUAL PROLOG具有很强的逻辑推理能力,且易于编程,操作界面友好,近年来得到程序设计行业的广泛 关注。本文对VISUAL PROLOG程序设计语言的主要特征进行概述,在此基础上,对基于VISUAL PROLOG语言的程序编 程展开较为深入的探究。     

IMPLEMENTING COMPLEX DOMAINS OF APPLICATION IN AN EXTENDED PROLOG SYSTEM

One way to extend resolution based theorem proving is by means of unification in algebras modelling interesting domains of application. We will discuss in this paper the theoretical and practical aspects of unification in the unitarytheory of Post algebras, which cover among others boolean algebras, algebras formalizing multivalued logic and finite fields. Therefore, a theorem prover using unification in Post algebras is capable of dealing with the design of digital circuits, combinatorics, applications of multivalued logic and mathematics over finite fields.     

PROLOG运行机制的辅助理解工具

用表意图形的方法研究了人工智能语言ＰＲＯＬＯＧ的各种语法成份，找出一套有效的辅助理解工具，它能准确清晰地图解ＰＲＯＬＯＧ程序，如目标和子句，谓词ＦＡＩＬ和回溯，以及截断谓词等内容。文中特别用两个例子详述了在ＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言中最难理解的递归过程。最后，简述了矩形表示法，该工具的图册和配套的图形动画软件。     

Programming assistance tools to support the learning of IT programming in South African secondary schools

Novice programmers struggle to understand introductory programming concepts and this difficulty, associated with learning to program, contributes mainly to the lack of interest in the field of Computer Science at tertiary level. Programming assistance tools have been used to assist novice programmers extensively at education institutions. A programming assistance tool (PAT) is a software program that can be used by novice programmers to learn how to program and/or improve their understanding of programming concepts.This research proposes that novice programmers, specifically Information Technology (IT) scholars in South African secondary schools, could be supported by PATs. The main objective of this research was to determine whether the use of a PAT impacted IT scholars' understanding of programming concepts and their motivation towards programming in general. Criteria for the selection of PATs were derived from the programming difficulties identified in literature and from surveys to IT teachers and scholars. The selection criteria were grouped into programming knowledge and programming skills categories. Existing PATs were evaluated using the selection criteria and three PATs, namely, RoboMind, Scratch and B#, were selected for evaluation in this research study. A convenience sample of schools participated in the study. The three PATs provided different approaches while being able to support the Delphi programming language used in schools that participated in the study.The findings of this research indicated that, although scholars perceived the PATs to be useful in the explanation of certain of the programming concepts, there was no conclusive evidence that IT scholars who used a PAT had a significantly better understanding of programming concepts and motivation towards programming than scholars who did not use a PAT. Participant feedback was used to identify the strengths and shortcomings of the three PATs and to provide recommendations for the development of future PATs specifically designed to support IT scholars.     

Using an extended PROLOG to solve the lion and unicorn puzzle

This paper presents a general approach to solve a constraint satisfaction problem over a finite domain by reducing it to unification in finite algebras. The lion and unicorn puzzle is considered as a constraint satisfaction problem and its implementation in an extended PROLOG is described.     

运用PROLOG语言表示和处理分子结构

本文描述了用第五代计算机程序设计语言－ＰＲＯＬＯＧ表示和处理分子结构的方法，提出了按照环系和功能团对分子结构进行归约的方法，并且设计了由母核与分子片段组合产生分子结构的ＰＲＯＬＯＧ程序。     

Social interaction and learning using micro-PROLOG

Abstract  Recent out-of-classroom studies have shown that interaction between children can facilitate correct solution of problem solving tasks, and that the benefits of interactive experience can carry over to subsequent individual post-tests. These results have also been demonstrated in the context of schoolchildren's microcomputer use, although with caveats that may have more to do with the tasks than the medium. The present study investigated peer interaction in a more naturalistic classroom-like context. Groups of children, with access to different levels of microcomputer resource, were given an introduction to using micro-PROLOG.     

基于PROLOG语言的数字电路逻辑模拟

文章阐述了ＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言在数字电路逻辑模拟中的应用,通过一些具体电路说明ＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言用于对门级和功能块级电路的描述及模拟的便利之处,对不同的电路采用不同的方法,ＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言的灵活性和推理技术,为逻辑模拟提供了新的技术和手段。     

连接PROLOG与DBMS系统的专用,并行通信技术

在结合ＰＲＯＬＯＧ和ＤＢＭＳ技术的研究领域中，一个关键的问题是效率，而解决这个问题的基本关键之一是每次ＰＲＯＬＯＧ与ＤＢＭＳ系统间通信的代价。我们提出了专用，并行通信技术大大地降低了每次通信的开销，使这一问题基本获得解决。我们提出的这一技术还为实现ＰＲＯＬＯＧ与多个，多种和分布式数据库连接奠定了基础。     

使用工作站网络并行执行prolog程序

本文介绍了一个在ＳＵＮ工作站网络上实现的分布式Ｃ—ＰＲＯＬＯＧ解释系统ＤＣ－ＰＲＯＬＯＧ，它能够自动地将其应用程序的顺序解释过程变为并行解释过程；能够充分利用空闲的主存资源求解大问题，使一些单机上因内存容量不足而无法执行的任务得以执行．     

PROLOG语言在数据挖掘Apriori算法中的实现

该文在介绍事务数据库及其关联规则的基础上,对挖掘布尔关联规则频繁项集的Apriori算法进行了具体描述,并使用ext-PROLOG语言加以实现。     

A formative analysis of individual differences in the effectiveness of learning objects in secondary school

The purpose of this study was to examine individual differences in the effectiveness of learning objects in secondary school classrooms. Specifically, gender, age, grade, subject area, and computer comfort (self-efficacy) were examined in 850 students. Effectiveness was measured in terms of student attitude (learning, quality, and engagement) and student performance. No gender differences were observed between males and females with respect to student attitudes or performance. Age was significantly correlated with student attitudes and performance, however correlation coefficients were small. Grade 12 students were more positive about learning objects and performed better than grade 9 and 10 students. Science students had significantly more positive attitudes and performed better than mathematics students. Finally, students who were more comfortable about computers, appreciated learning objects more than their less confident peers, however performance was unaffected.     

Using the programming walkthrough to aid in programming language design

The programming walkthrough is a method for assessing how easy or hard it will be for users to write programs in a programming language. It is intended to enable language designers to identify problems early in design and to help them choose among alternative designs. We describe the method and present experience in applying it in four language design projects. Results indicate that the method is a useful supplement to existing design approaches.     

A blackboard system for the off-line programming of Robots

This paper describes the use of the blackboard architecture for the off-line programming of an IMB 7565 Robot. A blackboard system was implemented in PROLOG and it has been applied successfully for the automatic generation of a control code for the robot to perform the task of block assembly in an environment with an obstacle. The opportunistic type of problem-solving offered by the blackboard architecture has succeeded in obtaining a solution. The user-interface to the system is represented as a knowledge source in the blackboard system, which allows the user to modify the goal specifications during the operation of the blackboard system.     

Java程序设计课程双语教学初探

Java作为计算机专业的核心专业课程,引入双语教学是发展的必然趋势.本文论述了开展双语教学的必要性,以及开展双语教学需要做的准备.在教学开展过程中,针对教材选择,教学实施和考核方式进行了论述.     

PROLOG语言在计算机网络环境下的开发与应用

本文讨论了分布式计算机系统中进程通信的一种机制──远程过程调用（ＲＰＣ）的设计与实现。在此基础上，将ＲＰＣ机制扩充到ＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言中，使该语言具有网络通信能力，初步实现了计算机局域网络环境下ＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言的应用，为分布式专家系统的程序实用于网络探索新路。