UASB/吹脱塔/SBR/纳滤工艺处理生活垃圾渗滤液

采用UASB/吹脱塔/SBR/纳滤工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,处理规模为800m3/d,垃圾渗滤液COD为8 000～12 000mg/L、BOD5为3000～5 500mg/L、SS为500～800mg/L、NH3-N为1 000～2 000 mg/L,出水COD≤l00mg/L、BOD5≤30 mg/L、SS≤30 mg/L、NH3-N≤25 mg/L,达到国家新建<生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准>(GB 16889-2008).运行结果表明,该工艺运行稳定,处理效果好.     

循环式活性污泥法（CAST）的应用及其发展

概括地介绍了循环式活性污泥法的主要发展及其应用，对该法在一些大型污水处理厂的具体应用也作了简单的说明。ＣＡＳＴ系统将可变容积活性污泥法过程与生物选择器原理有机地结合在一起使其有别于传统的ＳＢＲＴＡ工艺。     

VALIDATION OF BNR (BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL) PLANT

Llangefni WwTW receives discharge from the rural town of Llangefni and the local industrial estate and to date this is the first and only BNR plant in Wales. The consents from March 2003 included a reduction in ammonia (NH₄_N) to 1.5 mg/l, suspended solids to 20 mg/l (SS) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) to 7 mg/l and included a new Phosphate (PO₄_P) standard of 2 mg/l. The process selected to meet the new consents was Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) and was unusual as it was for a small, rural wastewater treatment plant that receives about 26% of its flow from an industrial estate.
During commissioning, the plant produced an average phosphate concentration of 1.0 mg/l and an ammonia concentration of 0.7 mg/l. It was confirmed that to achieve consistent phosphate removal a BOD:P ratio greater than 20:1 is required along with a high VFA (Volatile Fatty Acids) concentration of 200–300 mg/l.     

Coupling of sequencing batch reactor and mesh filtration: operational parameters and wastewater treatment performance

Wastewater treatment performance of the combined process of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and mesh filtration bio-reactor was investigated with a synthetic wastewater. In this system, the filtration was performed only by the water level difference between the reactor and the effluent port, with the help of a sludge layer which accumulated on the mesh filter.

A half volume of the mixed liquor was filtrated for ca. 1 h, and the filtration time was not affected by the initial pressure within the range of 0.5–2.0 m-H₂O. Since the mesh filter could effectively reject the biomasses in the reactor, the effluents contained SS of less than 1 mg/L and BOD of less than 10 mg/L under continuous or intermittent aeration conditions. Nitrogen was also removed effectively with the adjustment of aeration time under the intermittent aeration conditions.

The results obtained in this work indicate that mesh filtration could be effectively combined with SBR and improve the performance of SBR.

In addition, it was shown that the performance of the mesh filtration such as filtration time and solids separation was influenced significantly by the saccharide content in the exocellular polymer of the activated sludge.     

混凝/厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理竹材CTMP制浆废水

研究了竹材CTMP制浆废水的水质特征,在此基础上设计了混凝/厌氧/好氧组合处理技术路线,并在实验室进行了小试研究.结果表明,在竹材CTMP制浆废水的COD、BOD5、SS分别为7 320、2 496、1 308 mg/L时,混凝预处理段、二级厌氧段(UASB)、好氧段对COD的平均去除率分别为49.1%、85.4%、68.4%,对BOD5的平均去除率分别为46.4%、86.8%、84.7%,对SS的平均去除率分别为71.1%、60.1%、52.3%,预处理段表现出较好的去除SS的作用,而生物处理段则体现了较好的去除有机污染物的作用,使得处理出水水质达到了国家排放标准(GB 3544-2001)的要求.     

Aerobic treatment of piggery waste

The operating characteristics of laboratory waste treatment systems were studied during the aerobic degradation of pig excrement at different loading rates and temperatures. The treatment systems were of two types: one was operated with floc formation and gravity separation of liquid and suspended solid effluents; and a second was operated without floc formation or separation of the effluent into liquid and solid fractions.

With an operating temperature of 15°C the parameters most affected by loading rate were (1) the concentrations of suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand in the liquid effluent; (2) the pH value of the mixed liquor; (3) nitrification; (4) the BOD of the supernatant from the mixed liquor; and (5) output of suspended solids as a percentage of input.

The concentrations of suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand in the liquid effluents were little affected by loading rates in the range 0·05-0·15 g SS g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0·02-0·06 g BOD g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹) but increased with increasing loading rate in the range 0·15-0·30 (0·06-0·12 BOD). At loading rates below about 0·17 g SS g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0·07 g BOD g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹) the mixed liquors were acidic, with pH values down to 5·2, whereas at loading rates above about 0·80 (0·32 BOD) they were alkaline, with pH values up to 8·9. At intermediate loading rates the mixed liquor pH value was more variable though in general the higher the loading rate the higher also the pH value of the mixed liquor. Acidic conditions in the mixed liquors were attributed to the occurrence of nitrification, while in the absence of nitrification the mixed liquors remained alkaline. The concentration of BOD₅ in the supernatant from the mixed liquors increased with increasing loading rate from about 35 mg 1⁻¹ at a loading rate of 0·17 g SS g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0·07 g BOD g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹) to about 250 mg 1⁻¹ at a loading rate of 1·30 (0·52 BOD). The output of suspended solids from the treatment systems represented about 70 per cent of input suspended solids at loading rates of about 0·15 g SS g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0·06 g BOD g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹) and increased to about 100 per cent at loading rates of 0·80 (0·32 BOD). Output of chemical oxygen demand was about 60 per cent of input at the lower loading rates and 80–90 per cent at the higher ones.

Operation of treatment units at temperatures of 5 and 10°C instead of 15°C had little effect on the efficiency of degradation at loading rates in the range 0·085-0·20 g SS g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0·034-0·08 g BOD g MLSS⁻¹ d⁻¹), but nitrification was prevented at 5°C. At loading rates of 0·77 (0·31 BOD) and 1·46 (0·58 BOD) operation at 25°C appeared to increase the amount of degradation as compared with that achieved at 15°C.

The practical implications of the results and possible future approaches to the aerobic treatment of farm wastes are discussed.     

保健药制药废水处理工程设计

针对保健药品制药废水浓度高、色度大的特点,采用水解酸化/生物接触氧化/混凝沉淀工艺进行处理,处理水量为 100 m3/d,进水COD约为1 200 mg/L、BOD5约为600 mg/L、SS约为600 mg/L、氨氮约为45 mg/L、色度为700倍.运行结果表明,出水COD、BOD5、SS、氨氮和色度分别为 82.0、18.2、32.0、12.0 mg/L和40倍,符合<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准.该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,产泥量少.     

水解—SBR工艺处理规模化猪场粪污研究

采用水解－SBR工艺进行了规模化猪场粪污处理试验。水解过程水力停留时间（HRT）为2．0－6．0h,对COD、BOD5、SS、TN的去除率分别为30．1％－47.3%、45．8％－49．4％、56．0％－61．1％、22．3％和55．3％,NH3－N几乎没有去除,水解对COD的去除效率比沉淀处理高17％;SBR的HRT为1．0－1．4d,对COD、BOD5、SS的去除率分别为52．1％－82．1％、89．0％－95．7％、93．9％－97．3％,但出水中仍残留相当数量的难降解COD。SBR对氮有较好的去除效果（TN去除率为74．1％）,特别是对高浓度NH3－N的去除取得了相当好的结果（去除率达97％以上）。曝气量对SBR去除NH3－N有显著影响,增加曝气量可以缩短HRT。对比试验证明,NH3－N的去除不是依靠吹脱作用,而是依靠微生物的降解作用。     

上海中心城区合流制排水系统雨天溢流水质研究

合流制排水系统雨天溢流已成为上海中心城区河道的主要污染源.为此,重点研究了上海中心城区某合流制排水区域JXB系统雨天污染物溢流的出流过程和污染物的事件平均浓度,并探讨了溢流污染物的初期效应.结果表明,降雨特性对污染物溢流过程的水质影响较大;该区域雨天溢流COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N的事件平均浓度分别为268、101、110、9.5 mg/L,SS浓度明显低于相关研究的结果;分析溢流污染物的初期效应表明,JXB系统排江污染物的初期效应较为显著,其中COD和BOD5的初期效应比SS的显著.     

砂洗印染废水处理工程实例

采用水解酸化/三相生物流化床/生物接触氧化/混凝气浮工艺处理砂洗印染废水,实际运行结果表明,在进水平均COD为963 mg/L、BOD5为320 mg/L、SS为452 mg/L、色度为490倍的条件下,出水相应指标分别为89 mg/L、15 mg/L、50 mg/L、30倍,出水水质符合<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>(GB 4287-92)的一级标准.     

深圳龙华污水处理厂的工程设计与调试

龙华污水处理厂设计采用了A2/O/Aqua-ABF滤池/辅助化学除磷处理工艺,出水执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918—2002）中的一级A标准。经过调试,出水实现了达标排放,在进水平均COD、BOD5、SS、TP、TN、NH3-N分别为259.1、118.3、369.9、5.7、32.0、23.2mg/L时,出水分别为14.8、4.9、4.7、0.7、11.2、4.0mg/L。     

Removal of veterinary antibiotics from sequencing batch reactor (SBR) pretreated swine wastewater by Fenton's reagent

The large-scale application of veterinary antibiotics in livestock industry makes swine wastewater an important source of antibiotics pollution. This work investigated the degradation of six selected antibiotics, including five sulfonamides and one macrolide, by Fenton's reagent in swine wastewater pretreated with sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The dosing mode and practical dosage of Fenton's reagent were optimized to achieve an effective removal of antibiotics while save the treatment cost. The effects of initial pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) of the SBR effluent on antibiotics degradation were examined. The results indicate that the optimal conditions for Fenton's reagent with respect to practical application were as follows: batch dosing mode, 1.5:1 molar ratio of [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺], initial pH 5.0. Under the optimal conditions, Fenton's reagent could effectively degrade all the selected antibiotics and was resistant to the variations in the background COD (0-419 mg/L) and SS (0-250 mg/L) of the SBR effluent. Besides, Fenton's reagent helped to not only remove total organic carbon (TOC), heavy metals (As, Cu and Pb) and total phosphorus (TP), but also inactivate bacteria and reduce wastewater toxicity. This work demonstrates that the integrated process combining SBR with Fenton's reagent could provide comprehensive treatment to swine wastewater.     

脱水蔬菜生产废水处理工程实例

以脱水蔬菜加工废水处理工程为例,介绍了SBR工艺的设计及运行情况.结果表明,该工艺运行稳定,对COD、BOD5、SS的去除率分别为93.07%、95.69%和89.11%,出水各项指标均优于<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准.     

河南桑坡村皮毛加工废水治理改扩建工程

桑坡村皮毛加工废水治理工程采用预处理/厌氧处理/两级生物好氧处理的主体工艺,原水COD为3 000～3 500 mg/L、BOD5为1 000～1 200 mg/L、SS为1 500～2 000 mg/L、NH3-N为30～50 mg/L、色度为500～600倍,处理出水BOD5、SS、色度达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978--1996)的二级标准,COD、NH3-N达到<焦作市2006年环境污染整治方案>的要求.     

The risks from airborne asbestos in the urban environment

The objective of this full‐scale study is to determine the treatment performance of the activated sludge process for treating low strength municipal wastewater. The plant is located in Painesville, Ohio, and discharges its treated effluent into Grand River. The average plant wastewater flow was 3.43 MGD (million gallons per day). The plant performance was evaluated for a 12‐month period in 1989. The low strength municipal wastewater contained 104 mg/L TSS (total suspended solids), 105 mg/L BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), 17.76 mg/L TKN (total kjeldahl nitrogen), 9.66 mg/L NH₃‐N, and 3.90 mg/L P (phosphorus). The treatment performance after various degrees of treatment is as follows: primary treatment: 30% BOD and 54% TSS removal, secondary treatment: 97% BOD and 87% TSS removal, and tertiary treatment: 98% BOD and 98% TSS removal. The primary effluent contained 73 mg/L BOD and 48 mg/L TSS; the secondary effluent contained 3 mg/L BOD and 13 mg/L TSS; and the final effluent contained 2 mg/L BOD and 2 mg/L TSS. The effluent contained 0.22 mg/L NH₃‐N and 0.49 mg/L P, which were far below the US EPA standard of 10 mg/L BOD, 10 mg/L TSS, 1 mg/L NH₃‐N, and 1 mg/L P.     

Sludge accumulation pattern in an anaerobic pond under Mediterranean climatic conditions

The main objective of this study was to observe the sludge accumulation pattern of an experimental, covered, anaerobic pond treating municipal wastewater under Mediterranean climatic conditions throughout a 2-year operational period (1999-2000) in order to form a seasonal sludge accumulation model which may be used to predict the required desludging time, not only of the particular anaerobic pond used in the study, but also for other types of anaerobic ponds and operational situations. The 4-m deep pond was supplied with pre-screened, untreated wastewater from the nearby treatment plant of Thessaloniki, Greece, initially at a flow rate of 120m3/day and later at a flow rate of 150m3/day. The influent characteristics were BOD5 441 mg O2/L, COD 942 mg O2/L and suspended solids (SS) 574 mg/L. BOD5, COD, and SS concentrations of the pond effluent were reduced by 50%, 53%, and 64%, respectively, in comparison with those of the influent. During the operational period, three distinctly different zones were seen to form within the anaerobic pond: The first zone, which formed at the bottom of the pond, consisted of inert, high-density sludge. The second zone, which formed above this, contained a high concentration of volatile (easily biodegradable) sludge. The third upper zone (supernatant), was a liquid layer low in suspended solids. The accumulation of sludge in the pond followed an annual sinusoidal pattern with high values during winter and low ones during summer due to the increased digestion rate. The maximum high-density sludge height observed was 0.7m, or 2% (14 m3) of the total pond volume. The maximum volatile sludge accumulation reached 3.1 m, or 53% (300 m3) of the pond volume. A seasonal sludge accumulation model, based on the sludge inflow and seasonal digestion rates, was used to simulate the annual fluctuation in accumulation rate for the local (Mediterranean type) climatic conditions. Monthly values of accumulation (or digestion) rate of sludge (K(AS)) were experimentally estimated at specific mean monthly air temperatures and approximated by a regression second degree polynomial equation to be used with the model. The predicted desludging interval for our experimental pond was 3 years.     

硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水处理的生产性试验研究

针对硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水的污染物浓度和色度较高、残留杭生素、可生化性差、水量不大但污染性强等特点,设计了中和调节/气浮/水解酸化/UBF/SBR组合工艺对其进行处理,处理后的出水COD<300mg/L、BOD5<50mg/L、NH3-N<20mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的生物制药行业二级标准.     

MBBR+磁混凝用于CAST工艺升级改造的效果分析

浙江省某市政污水处理厂设计规模为10×10^4m^3/d,出水水质执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级B标准,采用MBBR+磁混凝工艺对其进行一级A升级改造,改造完成至今已运行1年多,在冬季低温条件下仍具有较好的运行效果。改造后,出水COD、BOD5、氨氮、TN、TP和SS平均浓度分别为13.87、2.10、0.75、10.83、0.10和5.3 mg/L,稳定达到了GB 18918-2002的一级A标准。不改变原有CAST工艺的运行方式和池容,在主反应区镶嵌MBBR,安装搅拌器,增加反硝化时序,有效提高了系统的脱氮效果;深度处理采用磁混凝+纤维转盘滤池工艺,以微小磁粉作为晶核,强化混凝效果,确保出水SS和TP稳定达标。生化系统内主要的硝化菌群为Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira,硝化菌群在悬浮载体上的相对丰度达到8.71%,高于活性污泥中的4.85%;主要的反硝化菌群为Azoarcus和Zoogloea,反硝化菌群在悬浮载体上的相对丰度达到11.58%,在活性污泥中为9.78%。     

CAST污水处理工艺在寒冷地区的应用

以绥化市城市污水处理工程为背景,介绍了CAST工艺在冬季运行期间对COD、BOD5、TP和SS的去除效率,并对影响去除效率的因素进行分析.结果表明,系统在整个冬季运行期间,平均出水COD、氨氮、TP和SS浓度分别为48.3、0.96、0.71和9.35mg/L,不仅可长期稳定地满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一...