脱脂小麦胚芽酶解及其水解物抗氧化性研究

本文采用中性蛋白酶和flavourzyme分别水解脱脂小麦胚芽制取小麦胚芽水解物,研究两种不同酶对麦胚蛋白水解速率的影响,同时通过测定水解物清除DPPH自由基的能力和还原能力研究麦胚蛋白水解物的抗氧化性。结果表明,中性蛋白酶对麦胚蛋白的水解速率明显高于flavourzyme;种酶的水解产物均具有清除DPPH自由基活性和还原能力。     

脱脂小麦胚芽酶解及其水解物抗氧化性研究

本文采用中性蛋白酶和flavourzyme分别水解脱脂小麦胚芽制取小麦胚芽水解物,研究两种不同酶对麦胚蛋白水解速率的影响,同时通过测定水解物清除DPPH自由基的能力和还原能力研究麦胚蛋白水解物的抗氧化性.结果表明,中性蛋白酶对麦胚蛋白的水解速率明显高于flavourzyme;两种酶的水解产物均具有清除DPPH自由基活性和还原能力.     

不同酶解法水解黑龙江小麦麦胚蛋白的抗氧化功能比较研究

通过采用四种不同蛋白酶对麦胚蛋白分别进行单酶水解、双酶同步水解和分步水解,以水解产物的水解度和抗氧化性为指标,比较研究麦胚蛋白的酶解方法与水解物的抗氧化功能的关系。结果表明：单酶水解时碱性蛋白酶的水解物抗氧化效果最好,DPPH 自由基清除率达到39.74%;双酶分步水解的效果优于双酶同步水解,其中先加碱性蛋白酶后加木瓜蛋白酶效果最好,DPPH 自由基清除率达到45.36%。因此选择先加碱性蛋白酶后加木瓜蛋白酶作为水解麦胚蛋白最佳工艺。     

麦胚蛋白水解度与麦胚抗氧化肽活性关系

用固定化碱性蛋白酶水解冻干麦胚蛋白粉制备麦胚抗氧化肽,研究麦胚蛋白的水解度与抗氧化肽活性的关系。在单因素实验基础上,利用Box‐Behnken实验设计对影响因素进行优化试验和统计分析。结果显示,酶解麦胚蛋白的水解度和麦胚抗氧化肽的活性密切相关;响应面分析试验得到麦胚抗氧化肽对自由基清除率的回归方程,方程达到极显著水平,拟和度较高。固定化蛋白酶水解麦胚蛋白获取抗氧化肽优化工艺参数：pH值为9．0、酶解温度56℃和酶解时间230 min。在此条件下,麦胚蛋白的水解度为17．85％,抗氧化肽对自由基的清除率达到57．42％。     

酶法水解麦胚蛋白及其产物的抗氧化活性研究

选择碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胰酶、木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶5种蛋白酶对麦胚蛋白进行水解,并考察其水解产物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,中性蛋白酶为制备麦胚抗氧化肽的最适蛋白酶,其最佳水解条件为:底物质量分数4%,酶添加量6 000U/g,酶解温度50℃,pH值7.5,水解至270min时抗氧化活性最大。     

麦胚抗氧化肽水解用酶的筛选研究

研究了中性蛋白酶AS1.398、Neutrase及碱性蛋白酶Alcalase、Proleather FG-F、Protease S水解麦胚蛋白的进程特性,考察了5种蛋白酶水解物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶Proleather FG-F是制备麦胚抗氧化肽的最适水解酶,其酶解物清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的能力最强,IC50为1.33mg/mL;其酶解物中相对分子质量小于1000的组分所占比例最高,达到68.28%。     

麦胚蛋白水解物抗氧化活性及其机制的研究

采用中性蛋白酶水解麦胚蛋白0.5 h-6 h,测定水解物的DH、硫代巴比妥酸值（TBARS值）、POV 值、Cu2 螯合能力、DPPH自由基清除能力。结果表明,麦胚蛋白水解度随着水解时间的延长而增加;水解物5 h与未水解的蛋白及0.02% Vc相比,在Liposome体系中具有较强的抑制脂质氧化的能力,还具有较强的Cu2 螯合能力和清除自由基能力,未水解的蛋白具有较弱的抗氧化能力;通过对未水解的麦胚蛋白及不同浓度蛋白水解物的抗氧化指标测定和分析,认为水解物的抗氧化活性与蛋白本身的结构、肽链长短及氨基酸残基有关。     

麦胚蛋白的双酶分步水解及其产物的抗氧化活性研究

前期实验确定中性蛋白酶为水解麦胚蛋白制备抗氧化肽的最适单酶,在此基础上进行了双酶组合水解麦胚蛋白的酶解工艺及酶解产物的抗氧化活性的探讨性研究。结果表明,双酶最佳组合为中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶。经中性蛋白酶酶解270min的酶解液加入碱性蛋白酶后,水解至300min和420min时酶解产物还原能力和肽含量有不同程度增加,但DPPH·清除率始终是呈下降趋势。因此双酶水解比单酶水解麦胚蛋白没有明显优势。     

花生分离蛋白碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解物具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性

分别以碱性蛋白酶Alcalase和中性蛋白酶Neutrase对花生分离蛋白进行水解，制备花生分离蛋白水解物，并测定不同水解时间所得产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制活性。未水解的花生分离蛋白没有ACE抑制活性，用中性蛋白酶Neutrase水解所得的水解物显示弱ACE抑制活性。然而，碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解物具有很强的ACE抑制活性，水解0．5h时水解物活性最高，其半抑制浓度为(IC50)0．56mg／ml。本研究表明，当用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解时，花生分离蛋白是生产ACE抑制肽的良好蛋白质来源，花生分离蛋白碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解物可作为具有降压功能的功能食品添料。     

黑豆蛋白质酶水解物体外抗氧化活性的研究

采用Alcalase、Neutrase和Flavourzyme蛋白酶水解2种不同类型的黑豆蛋白,在其最适水解条件下,通过单酶水解和分阶段多酶复合水解方式制备黑豆蛋白水解物,利用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定比较其体外抗氧化活性.结果表明:在水解度相近的情况下,早熟大粒黑豆蛋白的Alcalase单酶水解物的抗氧化活性高于晚熟小粒黑豆蛋白;在水解时间相同的情况下,黑豆蛋白的Alcalase单酶水解物的抗氧化活性高于Neutrase和Flavourzyme蛋白酶;Alcalase和Neutrase分阶段水解90 min高于Alcalase单酶水解4 h的黑豆蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性;试验获得的具有较高抗氧化性的质量分数为2%的黑豆蛋白酶水解物,对邻苯三酚自氧化的抑制率与0.01%的维生素C水溶液相近.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the