利用天然二氧化锰吸附铜（英文）

软锰矿的主要成分为MuO2,其可作为一种低成本的吸附剂使用,研究其对废水中铜离子的吸附分离作用。研究Cu(II)离子的初始浓度、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量和粒度对吸附过程的影响。结果表明:随着吸附剂的用量增加,吸附铜的比例增大。在不同铜浓度下,溶液的初始pH值为自然状态时的吸附量最大。当初始溶液浓度、初始p H值、接触时间、搅拌速度、粒径大小和吸附剂用量分别为0.0025 mol/L、自然状态、180 min、200 r/min和6 g/L时,软锰矿对铜的吸附率为96.5%。对吸附过程中的等温吸附曲线和动力学进行研究。结果表明:该平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir等温模型,而过程的动力学符合伪二阶动力学模型。     

铜离子在氨基化磁性纳米粒子上的吸附行为及吸附机理

通过溶胶?凝胶法制备氨基修饰的磁性纳米粒子。以紫外分光光度法为检测手段,采用静态批次实验研究不同实验参数(吸附时间、溶液 pH 和溶液温度)对铜离子吸附的影响。对铜离子的动力吸附学过程符合准二级动力学模型。准一级动力学模型证明其对铜离子的吸附是一个基于内部粒子扩散的过程。吸附等温线数据既符合Langmuir吸附等温模型又符合Dubinin?Radushkevich吸附等温式。随着溶液pH的增加和温度的升高,水中铜离子的去除效率也增加。另外,铜离子在低 pH 时可以很容易地从吸附材料上面洗脱下来,并且在材料重复使用5次之后,铜离子的回收率仍然保持在90.0%以上。根据吸附活化能和热力学实验结果,可以推断铜离子在吸附剂上的吸附机制是离子交换?表面络合。     

功能化磁性载体固定耐辐射奇球菌及其对铀的吸附行为与机理

为了解决耐辐射奇球菌(DR)容易以悬浮态生长,菌体与水的密度差较小,吸附铀后难以分离等问题,首先使用氯化亚砜对羧基化磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子进行酰氯功能化,以此作为DR菌固定载体,再与二乙烯三胺化学修饰的DR菌进行固定化,得到一种新型功能化磁性耐辐射奇球菌吸附剂NFGDR,并通过红外光谱仪和扫描电镜分别表征吸附剂NFGDR的结构。考察溶液pH值、吸附时间、铀初始浓度和吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附剂NFGDR吸附铀的影响,对吸附动力学模型和吸附等温模型进行分析。结果表明:吸附剂NFGDR表面具有大量吸附铀的基团,吸附铀后表面形态发生变化;吸附铀的最佳条件是pH值为5、吸附时间为80 min、铀初始浓度为10 mg/L和吸附剂投加量为5 mg。吸附剂NFGDR对铀的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温线模型,说明该吸附体系是一个单层吸附过程。同时,使用3种不同的解析剂对吸附剂NFGDR解析再生6次后,其对铀的吸附率均在80%以上,说明其具有良好的再生性能。     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠吸附剂对电镀废水中 Cr( VI) 的吸附性能研究

以天然壳聚糖(CS)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,在CaCl2作用下,制备了壳聚糖-海藻酸钠(CS-SA)吸附剂。采用红外光谱仪对CS-SA吸附剂官能团进行表征,表明壳聚糖和海藻酸钠之间产生了静电吸引作用。以含低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)的电镀废水为处理对象,考察了CS-SA用量、吸附时间和pH值对CS-SA吸附性能的影响,同时对吸附动力学进行了研究。结果表明:当pH=6,吸附时间为120 min,CS-SA用量为0.15 g时,离子去除率最高,达到了98.86%;吸附动力学最符合拟二级动力学方程。解吸-再生实验表明,CS-SA吸附剂可以再生使用。     

普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌对Pt(IV)的吸附特性

研究了普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌两种微生物对Pt(IV)的吸附特性。pH和离子强度条件优化实验结果表明,pH=2.0时吸附效果较好,吸附量分别为58.62和72.20 mg/g;随着离子强度的增加,普罗维登斯菌对Pt(IV)的吸附量增加而希瓦氏菌却降低;Pt(IV)和Pd(II)共存时,两种微生物吸附剂均优先吸附Pd(II)。动力学和等温吸附实验结果表明,普罗维登斯菌吸附Pt(IV)的过程更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型,说明化学吸附是该过程的限速步骤,且为单分子层吸附,其理论最大吸附量为136.10 mg/g。因此,以上研究结果表明,普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌可以吸附回收溶液中的Pt(IV)离子。     

普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌对Pt(Ⅳ)的吸附特性

研究了普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌两种微生物对Pt(Ⅳ)的吸附特性。pH和离子强度条件优化实验结果表明,pH=2.0时吸附效果较好,吸附量分别为58.62和72.20 mg/g;随着离子强度的增加,普罗维登斯菌对Pt(Ⅳ)的吸附量增加而希瓦氏菌却降低;Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)共存时,两种微生物吸附剂均优先吸附Pd(Ⅱ)。动力学和等温吸附实验结果表明,普罗维登斯菌吸附Pt(Ⅳ)的过程更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型,说明化学吸附是该过程的限速步骤,且为单分子层吸附,其理论最大吸附量为136.10 mg/g。因此,以上研究结果表明,普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌可以吸附回收溶液中的Pt(Ⅳ)离子。     

巯基化改性麦糟对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附特性

采用巯基化改性麦糟去除废水中的锌离子,研究溶液pH值、反应时间和温度以及Zn(Ⅱ)初始溶度对巯基化改性麦糟吸附效果的影响;借助吸附平衡等温线及吸附动力学模型拟合,结合傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析阐明吸附机制。结果表明:在较宽的pH值范围(6~9)内,巯基化改性麦糟表现出对Zn(Ⅱ)良好的吸附性能。由Langmuir吸附等温线方程计算得到该吸附剂对Zn(Ⅱ)的理论饱和吸附量为353.36 mg/g,高于改性木质纤维素类吸附剂的吸附量(17.88~156 mg/g)。巯基化改性麦糟对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学特性表明吸附反应很快在30 min内达到平衡,吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,活化能的计算结果表明吸附为活性化学吸附。FTIR分析可知:由巯基化改性麦糟吸附Zn(Ⅱ)主要是羟基和巯基中S—H基团的硫原子与Zn(Ⅱ)配合的结果。     

新型功能材料MIL-125-NH-PO的制备及其对铀酰离子的吸附性能

采用溶剂热法以二苯基次膦酰氯作为取代基合成了一种新型功能金属有机骨架材料MIL-125-NHPO,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)和X射线能谱分析(EDS)对材料进行表征,探究不同的初始条件下MIL-125-NH-PO对铀酰离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在pH=5、t=300 min、T=298 K、c_e=40 mg/L的条件下吸附量最高可达到415.05 mg/g,吸附过程自发放热熵减,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,吸附性能较好。且在有多种共存离子的情况下,MIL-125-NH-PO对铀酰离子依旧有良好的选择吸附性,表明MIL-125-NH-PO是一种潜在的铀吸附剂。     

磁性Fe3O4/活性炭对电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

目的获得吸附性能、磁分离性能和再生性能较佳的磁性Fe_3O_4/活性炭吸附剂(MAC)。方法通过化学共沉淀法制备出磁性Fe_3O_4/活性炭吸附剂。采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对活性炭进行表征。使用磁性Fe_3O_4/活性炭吸附电镀废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),考察吸附剂用量、吸附pH值和吸附时间对吸附性能的影响,并研究了吸附动力学模型。利用磁铁对磁性Fe_3O_4/活性炭进行了回收。结果制备的磁性Fe_3O_4/活性炭中含有纯度较高的立方相磁性Fe_3O_4粒子。在温度为25℃、pH=3、吸附时间为120 min、吸附剂用量为0.15 g时,对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率最高,达到了97.44%,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型。电镀废水中共存阳离子会使吸附性能增强,共存阴离子会使吸附性能降低。磁性Fe_3O_4/活性炭的回收率达93.58%,6次解吸-再生后,吸附量仍较高,为27.17 mg/g。结论磁性Fe_3O_4/活性炭吸附剂对电镀废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)具有较高的去除率,吸附剂回收方法简单,回收率高,具有较好的应用前景。     

松醇油降解菌的分离鉴定及降解条件优化

从广东凡口铅锌矿尾矿库周边土壤中分离出一株能高效降解松醇油的细菌KS-1,并进行人工配制含松醇油的模拟废水的化学需氧量(COD)降低条件优化试验研究。形态学和生理学分析表明:该KS-1菌株为革兰氏阳性好氧菌,呈细胞杆状、芽孢椭圆或柱状;接触酶、硝酸盐还原和V-P测定呈阳性反应;能利用葡萄糖、木糖、甘露醇、柠檬酸盐、淀粉和明胶生长,不能利用吲哚、卵黄卵磷脂酶、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶和丙酸盐生长。16SrDNA序列分析表明:该菌株与Bacillus subtilisAF0907的相似性达到100%,最终鉴定菌株KS-1为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis AF0907),登录号为GU272021。正交试验优化结果表明:菌株KS-1降低松醇油废水COD工艺最佳条件为pH4,接种量15%,摇床转速200 r/min,松醇油浓度300 mg/L,在此条件下反应4 d,COD去除率达到65.91%。     

Sorption of heavy metal ions by glass beads-immobilized calix[4]arenes derivative

Glass beads (GB) immobilized, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-diethoxycarbonylmethoxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (CA) are prepared and used as a new sorbent in sorption study of removal heavy metal ions. A calixarene derivative bonded to amino-functionalized glass beads sorbent was synthesized via a self assembly technique for sorbent of selected heavy metal ions in aqueous. In order to absorb selected heavy metal ions in aqueous, a calixarene derivative bonded to amino-functionalized glass beads sorbent was synthesized via a self assembly technique. The sorbent which is named GB-APTS-CA was characterized using infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis and thermal analysis (TGA/DTG). The influences of some experimental parameters including pH of the sample solution, weight of sorbent, concentration and temperature have been investigated. The sorption data were evaluated using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm. The obtained maximum sorption capacity for Cu(II), and Pb(II) is 0.06 mmol g^?1 and 0.02 mmol g^?1, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change (ΔG○), enthalpy change (ΔH○) and entropy change (ΔS○) were calculated to determine the nature of sorption process. Thus, GB-APTS-CA is favorable and useful for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) metal ions.     

Removal of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by NKC-9 strong acid resin

A strong acidic ion exchange resin(NKC-9)was used as a new adsorbent material for the removal of Co(Ⅱ)from aqueous solutions.The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of the resin for Co(Ⅱ)is evaluated to be 361.0 mg/g by the Langmuir model.It is found that 0.5 mol/L HCl solution provides effectiveness of the desorption of Co(Ⅱ)from the resin.The adsorption rate constants determined at 288,298 and 308 K are 7.12×10-5,8.51×10-5and 9.85×10-5s-1, respectively.The apparent activation energy(Ea)is 12.0 kJ/mol and the adsorption parameters of thermodynamic are-H Θ=16.1 kJ/mol,-SΘ=163.4 J/(mol·K),-G Θ 298 K=-32.6 kJ/mol,respectively.The adsorption of Co(Ⅱ)on the resin is found to be endothermic in nature.Column experiments show that it is possible to remove Co(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous medium dynamically by NKC-9 resin.     

Enhanced Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption by orange peel modified with sodium hydroxide

Copper adsorption by orange peel, which was chemically modified with sodium hydroxide, was investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using surface area analyzer, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Total negative charge and zeta potentials on the adsorbent surface were determined. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were obtained and the effects of solution pH value, adsorbent concentration and temperature were studied in batch experiments. Column experiments were performed to study practical applicability, and breakthrough curves were obtained. Equilibrium is well described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and kinetics is found to fit pseudo-second order type adsorption kinetics. According to Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) is 50.25 mg/g at pH value of 5.3. The results show additional chemical modification of the adsorbent by NaOH and the increased adsorption capacity.     

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of Cu（ Ⅱ ） by chemically modified orange peel

Cu(II) biosorption by orange peel that was chemically modified with sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride was investigated. The effects of temperature, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions and pH on the biosorption of Cu(II) ions were assessed. Thermodynamic parameters including change of free energy), (ΔG^θ), enthalpy (ΔH^θ) and entropy (ΔS^θ) during the biosorption were determined. The results show that the biosorption process of Cu(II) ions by chemically treated orange peel is feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under studied conditions. Equilibrium is well described by Langmuir equation with the maximum biosorption capacity(qm) for Cu(II) as 72.73 mg/g and kinetics is found to fit pseudo-second order type biosorption kinetics. As the temperature increases from 16 °C to 60 °C, copper biosorption decreases. The loaded biosorbent is regenerated using HCl solution for repeatedly use for five times with little loss of biosorption capacity.     

A sorbent of expanded rice husk powder for removal of uranyl ion from aqueous solution

A novel sorbent for the removal of uranyl ion was prepared by expanded rice husk powder. Batch adsorption experiments were performed on factors of p H,temperature, initial uranyl ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time to evaluate the adsorption capacity. The results show that the saturation adsorption capacity is 5.7 mgág~(-1) using expanded rice husk powder treating uranyl ion aqueous solution(80 mgáL~(-1)) for 24 h at 25 °C with initial pH3. Adsorption process could be well described by Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetic data are fitted well with pseudo-second-order model. The results obtained show that expanded rice husk adsorbent is a promising adsorbent for the removal of uranium from aqueous solutions.     

Fluorine sorption by aluminosilicate-modified diatomite from highly concentrated fluorine solutions: 1. Adsorption equilibrium

The adsorption capacity of natural (D1) and chemically structure-modified diatomite (DMA) in the removal of fluorine ions from highly concentrated fluorine solutions (up to 0.3 mol/L) under static conditions at room temperature is studied. The effect of different parameters—solution pH, initial fluorine concentration, sorbent weight, and particle surface charge density—is examined to determine the adsorption properties of DMA under different process conditions. It is shown that the solution pH plays a crucial role in the removal of fluorine from solutions. An efficient removal of fluorine occurs at a pH of 4.5–5.5. Under equilibrium conditions, upon the saturation of the DMA surface with fluorine ions, the adsorption capacity of DMA achieves 58 mmol/g of sorbent; this value is 5.5 times higher than that of unmodified D1. Fluorine adsorption isotherms for DMA samples are derived; equilibrium adsorption data are modeled using a twostage Langmuir model; it is shown that the experimental and calculated data on fluorine adsorption are in good agreement: correlation coefficient R² for the D1 and DMA samples is 0.9952 and 0.9687, respectively. The fluorine adsorption mechanism is studied. X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, and adsorption–desorption experiments reveal that the diatomite–NaF–H₂O system is characterized by the occurrence not only of physical adsorption and ion exchange but also of the chemical bonding of the fluorine ions with the active sites of the sorbent surface, i.e., the formation of weakly soluble fluorine compounds with Al on DMA and with Ca on D1 (AlF₃, Na₃AlF₆, СаF₂).     

Removal of cadmium and zinc ions from aqueous solution by living Aspergillus niger

1 Introduction Heavy metals like copper, mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc cause serious threat to environment, animals and human for their extreme toxicity[1]. Many industries including metal plating, mining, battery, pigment, dyestuff a…     

Sb(V) removal from copper electrorefining electrolyte: Comparative study by different sorbents

Removal of Sb(V) from copper electrolyte by different sorbents such as activated carbon, bentonite, kaolin, resin, zeolite and white sand was investigated. Adsorption capacity of Sb(V) removal from copper electrolyte was as follows: white sand < anionic resin < zeolite < kaolin < activated carbon < bentonite. Bentonite was characterized using FTIR, XRF, XRD, SEM and BET methods. The results show specific surface area of 95 m²/g and particles size of 175 nm for bentonite. The optimum conditions for the maximum removal of Sb are contact time 10 min, 4 g bentonite and temperature of 40 °C. The adsorption of Sb(V) on bentonite is followed by pseudo-second-order kinetic (R²=0.996 and k=9×10^?5 g/(mg·min)). Thermodynamic results reveal that the adsorption of Sb(V) onto bentonite from copper electrolyte is endothermic and spontaneous process (ΔG^Θ=–4806 kJ/(mol·K). The adsorption data fit both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Bentonite has the maximum adsorption capacity of 10000 mg/g for adsorption of Sb(V) in copper electrolyte. The adsorption of Zn, Co, Cu and Bi that present in the copper electrolyte is very low and insignificant.