KNO3/C6H5NO3/NC点火药研究

运用最小自由能原理,设计了KNO3/C6H5NO3/NC体系烟火药配方。从热分解过程、感度、燃烧性能对比等方面探讨了新型药剂代替黑火药使用的可行性。与黑火药相比,对硝基苯酚点火药的机械、静电感度降低,增加了制造和使用过程的安全性,燃烧热增加57%,作功能力提高40%,改善了其燃烧热力学性能,在中心传火管中作为主装药使用时,膛内负压差降至-20MPa,提高了内弹道性能的一致性和发射安全性。     

C/KNO_3点火药研究

通过C/KNO3 点火药和黑火药的理化性能、输出特性的对比试验 ,从理论上分析了该点火药的性能特点 ,并对其适用性进行了阐述和预测     

C/KNO3点火药研究

通过C／KNO3点火药和黑火药的理化性能、输出特性的对比试验,从理论上分析了该点火药的性能特点,并对其适用性进行了阐述和预测。     

石墨/硝酸钾的热行为及分解反应动力学研究

采用TG-DSC技术研究了不同配比下石墨/硝酸钾(C/KNO3)药剂的热行为,通过Friedman法对C/KNO3=90/10混合物热分解反应动力学参数进行了计算,结果表明:石墨/硝酸钾药剂反应为固相反应,在同一升温速率下配比不同分解反应特性不同,不同升温速率下同一配比分解特性也不同,分解过程复杂,存在三个以上的反应,其主反应的活化能在102.84～374.27 kJ.mol-1之间,指前因子大约在3.25～10.39 s-1。     

三种爆竹类药剂的热安全性研究

使用加速量热仪(ARC)研究了三种爆竹类药剂(主要氧化剂分别为:KClO3、KNO3、KClO4)的热安全性,依据它们的热分解温度和压力随时间的变化曲线以及温度上升速率随温度的变化曲线,分析了其热分解过程并计算了热分解过程表观活化能Ea和指前因子A。测试和分析结果表明,以KClO3为氧化剂的烟火剂较以KNO3、KClO4为氧化剂的爆竹热安全性差。     

黑火药的热分解过程与反应动力学参数研究

应用差示扫描量热计和热重分析仪,在5℃·min-1、10℃·min-1、20℃·min-1和40℃·min-1升温速率下分别测定了黑火药及其生产用原材料的热分解曲线。在实验结果对比分析的基础上,推导出黑火药体系的最可几反应机理,指出黑火药热分解过程中硝酸钾、天然木炭以及工业硫磺的相互作用,并运用Kissinger方程求解了黑火药发生热分解时的活化能与指前因子,分别为98.5kJ·mol-1,173.4kJ·mol-1和5.6s-1,11.1s-1。     

KDNBF的热分解过程及非等温反应动力学（英）

利用DSC，TG-DTG及FT-IR技术对4，6．二硝基-7-羟基-7-氢化苯并氧化呋咱钾(KDN-BF)的热分解过程进行了研究。结果表明，230℃时，固体残渣中含有RCOOK，KNCO，RNO2，KNO3，而在306℃时则含有KNC，RCOOK及KNO3。利用Kissinger法与Ozawa-Doyle法对KDNBF的热分解过程进行了动力学计算。两种方法所得结果互相吻合，结合本文及文献结果，Arrhenius方程可表达为：lnk=45．2-192600／RT。     

低烟雾信号特征的无硫黑火药研究

采用重结晶法制备了K0.333(NH4)0.667NO3复盐,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)能谱和差热分析(DSC)等方法对复盐的微观形貌和晶体结构进行了表征。运用最小自由能原理,以燃烧温度、燃烧热、平衡态固相产物含量为目标函数,计算了K0.333(NH4)0.667NO3/C12H4O2体系燃烧热力学参数,设计出低烟雾输出点火药配方,对优化后配方的火焰感度、燃烧热效应进行了对比测试。结果表明:两种氧化剂达到了在分子间的均匀混合,晶型有序性高,热分解特征温度降低。与KNO3/C12H4O2点火药相比,K0.333(NH4)0.667NO3/C12H4O2点火药的火焰感度、燃烧热效应的降低值小于10%,而燃烧固相产物含量大幅度降低,烟雾信号特征减弱,对1.06μm激光的衰减率下降了73.9%。     

CNTs/KNO3纳米粒子制备及表征

分别采用重结晶法和中和反应法制备了碳纳米管/硝酸钾(CNTs/KNO_3)纳米复合粒子,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射能谱(XRD)、比表面积(SSA)和差热分析(DSC)等手段对复合粒子进行了表征.结果表明:两种制备过程实现了KNO,在CNTs外表面的负载,重结晶法制备的复合粒子的比表面积比CNTs降低了113.9 m~(2)·g~(-1),热分解温度与KNO_3相当;反应法制备的复合粒子的比表面积比CNTs降低了138.7 m~2·g~(-1),热分解温度比KNO_3降低了28℃.表明反应法制备的样品中,CNTs对KNO_3的热分解过程具有催化作用.     

无木炭型黑火药研究

以酚酞和氢氧化钾的反应物替代木炭，通过调整硝酸钾、硫磺、酚酞及氢氧化钾的混合比例对无木炭黑火药配方进行优化设计，对比研究了普通黑火药与无木炭黑火药在机械感度、静电火花感度、热分解过程及输出特性等方面的差异。研究认为：无木炭黑火药的机械感度、静电火花感度、爆发点比普通黑火药低，而且安全性好，做功能力强，输出稳定性高。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.