Sinter-hardening properties of partially-diffuse alloyed Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo-C material prepared by die wall lubricated warm compaction

The sinter-hardening properties of a partially-diffuse alloyed Fe-2Cu-2Ni- 1Mo- 1C material were investigated. Samples were formed by die wall lubricated warm compaction method, then, sintered in hydrogen atmosphere at 1 150 ℃ for 1 h and cooled at 4.6, 2.9 and 1.5 ℃/s, respectively, from 900 ℃ down to 600℃. Effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties and microstructure of the material were discussed. The results show that when the cooling rate increases, the tensile strength of the material increases, while, the elongation shows opposite result. The sintered material has a tensile strength of 872 MPa and an apparent hardness of HB 257 at a cooling rate of 4.6 ℃/s. Slight shrinkage is observed. Heterogeneous microstructures containing martensite, bainite, pearlite and nickel-rich retained austenite are observed in the material. Higher martensite content can be obtained at higher cooling rate, while, at lower cooling rate, pearlite and retained austenite dominated the microstructure.     

EFFECT OF Mo AND Mo2C ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE CERMETS BASED ON Ti（C,N）

Effect of Mo and Mo2 C on the microstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets was investigated in this article. The results have indicated that the weight percentage of Mo from 5 to 10 can reduce Ti（C,N） grain diameter and thickness of the rim, and Ti（C,N） grain can be wetted by Ni-Cu-Mo liquid so as to get small contiguity of Ti（C,N） grain. In that way, the transverse rupture strength of Ti（C,N）-based cermets has reached 1800-1900 MPa; the fracture toughness has been due to 16-18 MPa.m1/2. But 15 wt pct Mo was not more effective on Ti（C,N）-based cermets, because the thickness of the rim becomes larger. In the circumstance of Mo2 C, 5 wt pct Mo2 C was good for microstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets, but 11 wt pct Mo2C has resulted in larger contiguity of Ti（C,N） grain and big Ti（C,N） grain diameter so as to reduce transverse rupture strength and fracture toughness. So that, the effect of Mo on Ti（C,N）-based cermets is better than Mo2C.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot isostatically pressed cermets with TiN coatings

To increase the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate, sintered Ti（C,N）-based cermets were selected and deposited with monolayer TiN using a multiarc ion-plating technique; subsequently, hot isostatic pressing （HIPhag） treatment was performed at 1000℃ using nitrogen pressure up to 110 MPa. The mechanical properties of cermets after a coating process and subsequent HIPing treatment have been evaluated with respect to the hardness, the residual stress, and the coating adhesion. The results show that atter the HIPing process, there was a higher increase ha critical load ha the TiN-coated cermets with lower surface roughness compared with those with higher surface roughness. In all cases, the residual stress was found to be compressive. The effects of substrate surface roughness and posttreatment on the adhesion strength of the coatings were thus investigated. It was also fotmd that the HIPing posttreatment process is well suited for hacreasing the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate.     

A Study of Mechanical Properties of the Iron-base Sintered Steel Adding Fine Cr-Fe Powder

This paper reports an investigation of the mechanical properties and the fracture mechanism of iron-based sintered alloy containing fine Cr-Fe powder particles 300 nm in size and in contents raging from 0.2-1.5 wt%. The iron-base alloy were sintered at 1120 ℃ for 40min. The results of the study revealed improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation and hardness of the sintered alloy. The fracture behaviors of the alloy were influenced significantly by the presence of Cr-Fe powder particles. The mechanical properties increased with increasing Cr content. Micrographs of fracture appeared dimple and quasi-cleavage.     

Effect of Bi on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron

To improve the mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron, bismuth （Bi） was introduced into the iron. Five castings with different Bi content from 0 to 0.014 wt.% were prepared; and four positions in the casting from the edge to the center, with different solidification cooling rates, were chosen for microstructure observation and mechanical properties test. The effect of the Bi content on the graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron were investigated. Results show that the tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness at different positions in the five castings decrease with a decrease in cooling rate. With an increase in Bi content, the graphite morphology and the mechanical properties at the same position are improved, and the improvement of mechanical properties is obvious when the Bi content is no higher than 0.011wt.%. But when the Bi content is further increased to 0.014wt.%, the improvement of mechanical properties is not obvious due to the increase of chunky graphite number and the aggregation of chunky graphite. With an increase in Bi content, the tensile fracture mechanism is changed from brittle to mixture ductile-brittle fracture.     

Effect of RE element Y on properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermet

The effect of RE element Y on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermet has been investigated. Yttrium can refine the particles of carbide phase because it can purify the interface between binder phase and carbide phase, and increase the thickness of rim phase slightly. The effect is in the most evidence when the mass fraction of Y is 0.8% and when the transverse rupture strength and the hardness of Ti(C, N)-based cermet are maximal.     

HEAT TREATING OF SINTERED Fe—1.5Mo—0.7C STEELS AND THEIR SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR

The influence of heat treating on mechanical properties as well as on the sliding wear behavior of sintered Fe-1.5Mo-0.7C steels was experimentally studied. The microstruc-tures of sintered steels change from upper bainite to martensite, tempered martensite, pearlite and lower bainite depending on the heat treating conditions. Heat treating increases the hardness of sintered steels but high tempering temperature, i.e. 700℃, causes the hardness to be even lower than that of the as-sintered ones. The impact energy of sintered steels increases with increasing tempering temperature and arrives the highest at 700℃, while the steels tempered at 200℃ have the highest transverse rupture strength. Austempering results in fair good overall properties, such as hardness, impact energy, and transverse rupture strength. When the sintered steels were austempered, oil-quenched or tempered below 400℃ after quenched, the wear coefficient becomes considerably lower. Fair high hardness, such as HV30 > 380, and structur     

Rheological, mechanical and corrosive properties of injection molded 17-4PH stainless steel

The feedstock based on the binder 65％PW-30％ EVA-5％SA has the best general rheological properties for the 17-4PH stainless steel powder. The 17-4PH stainless steel compacts sintered at 1380℃ for 90 min have the best mechanical properties and the good microstructure with homogeneously distributed pore structure and the moderate-sized grains. Whereas the compacts sintered for 60 min and 120 min show an inadequate and an over-sintered microstructure respectively. The compacts sintered at 1380℃ for 90 min have the density of 7.70 g/cm^3 , the strength of 1 275 MPa, the elongation of 5％, and hardness of HRC36. With the increase of sintering temperature, the density, strength and hardness increase, while the elongation decreases. The 17-4PH stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, showing an activation-passivation polarization curve. But the passivation potential range is narrow and the spot corrosion potential is low, indicating a low anti-spot corrosive properties.     

Changes of Tempering Microstructure and Properties of Fe-Cr-V-Ni-Mn-C Cast Alloys

The changes of tempering microstructure and properties of Fe-Cr-V-Ni-Mn-C cast alloys with martensite matrix and much retained austenite are studied. The results showed that when tempering at 200℃ the amount of retained austenite in the alloys is so much that is nearly to as-cast, and a lot of retained austenite decomposes when tempering at 350℃ and the retained austenite decomposes almost until tempering at 560℃. When tempering at 600℃, the retained austenite in the alloys all decomposes. At 560℃ the hardness is highest due to secondary hardening. The effect of nickel and manganese on the microstructure and properties of Fe-Cr-V-C cast alloy were also studied. The results show that the Fe-Cr-V-C cast alloy added nickel and manganese can obtain martensite matrix and much retained austenite microstructure, and nickel can also prevent pearlite transformation. With the increasing content of nickel and manganese, the hardness of as-cast alloy will decreases gradually, so one can improve the hardness of alloy by tempering process. When the content of nickel and manganese is 1.3～1.7%, the hardness of secondary hardening is the highest (HRC64). But when the content of nickel and manganese increase continually, the hardness of secondary hardening is low slightly, and the tempering temperature of secondary hardening rises.     

Characterizations and mechanical properties of impregnated diamond segment using Cu-Fe-Co metal matrix

Diamond impregnated Cu-Fe-Co based saw-blade segments are directly processed by vacuum and pressure-assisted sintering at different temperature,with the purpose of reducing the cobalt content in diamond tools.Copper and iron are used as the bonding elements and cobalt-chrome pre-alloyed powder is used as the hardening phase.Effects of sintering temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of the sintered matrix and diamond graphitization were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis,electron probe micro-analyzer,universal testing machine,digital Rockwell hardness tester and Raman scattering analyzer.Results showed that microstructures of the sintered matrix were refined and porosities in the sintered matrix were closed to a more spherical-like shape with the increase of the sintering temperature.Densification,hardness and tensile strength of the matrix sintered at 820 ℃ were 12.75％,2.72％ and 156.38％ higher than that of the matrix sintered at 740 ℃,respectively.Diamond graphitization was not occurred at 820 ℃.The hardness and the tensile strength rose 32.8％ and 13.5％,respectively,after 7.5 h ageing treatment.The matrix densification ascent and the dispersed distribution of Co-Cr pre-alloyed powders contributed a hardness improvement and a tensile strength improvement to the Cu-Fe based matrix.     

Mo对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷包覆相结构与性能的影响

研究了不同Mo含量对高镍Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷包覆相的组织结构与性能的影响。在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中添加3%～15%不同含量的Mo,分别于1420℃、1430℃、1440℃温度下,进行真空烧结制备试样,通过扫描电镜观察组织结构与断口形貌,用三点弯曲法测试抗弯强度,用洛氏硬度计测得试样硬度。结果表明:当Mo含量为9%时材料的组织均匀,形成的包覆相厚度适中;在1430℃真空烧结时,比在1420℃及1440℃烧结时材料的力学性能好;当真空烧结温度为1430℃、Mo含量为9%时,试样的综合性能最好。     

Ni-Ti合金对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法真空烧结制备了添加Ni-Ti形状记忆合金的Ti(C,N)-Co系金属陶瓷,研究了Ni-Ti合金对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:未加Ni-Ti合金的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的显微组织表现为经典的黑芯-灰壳组织,陶瓷相多为球形;而加入Ni-Ti后的金属陶瓷随着Ni-Ti加入量的增多,组织逐渐细化,出现了多边形的陶瓷相,陶瓷相与粘结相的界面呈现直线关系。同时,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性随着Ni-Ti合金加入量的增多有明显的提高,而硬度基本保持不变;Ni-Ti合金的加入量为15wt%时金属陶瓷获得最好的力学性能。     

硬质相比例含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响

本文采用真空烧结方法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,结合光学金相显微镜、SEM以及力学性能检测等手段,研究了硬质相Ti(C0.5,N0.5)、(Ti39.8W46.9)C的比例含量对金属陶瓷微观性能、力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,经过真空条件1 450℃烧结60 min,不同比例硬质相的金属陶瓷微观组织均出现有明显的核芯/环形结构。随着硬质相(Ti39.8,W46.9)C含量增加,Ti(C0.5,N0.5)相含量减小,黑芯硬质相数量减小,环形相厚度增加,白芯硬质相增加。基体硬度逐渐降低而抗弯强度则逐渐增加,断裂韧性随白芯数量增加而有所提升。通过研究综合性能,当硬质相Ti(C0.5,N0.5)和(Ti39.8W46.9)C的质量分数比例分别为29.6%及29.5%,力学性能最佳,硬度达到92.2±0.3 HRA,抗弯强度为2 050±50MPa,断裂韧性为10.2±0.2 MPa·m1/2。     

Effect of carbon content and cooling mode on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Ti(C,N)-based cermets were prepared by vacuum liquid sintering. The effects of carbon content as well as cooling mode on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of the cermets were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were also measured. The grains of Ti(C,N)-based cermets became finer and solid solubility of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten in binder phases decreased with increasing carbon content. The thickness of the rim phases increased when the cermet was annealed at 1360 °C for 30 min during cooling, which resulted in the decrease of the hardness and the transverse rupture strength (TRS). On the other hand, the magnetic saturation of Ti(C,N)-based cermets increased with increasing carbon content, which was due to the decrease of the solid solution of alloy elements in binder phases.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷断口形貌及增韧机理

采用真空烧结工艺制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,测定了材料的力学性能。结果表明,其力学性能与未加纳米粉的金属陶瓷相比,硬度略有升高,但横向断裂韧性提高了近一倍。断口形貌和微观组织分析表明:金属陶瓷的断口形貌与其强韧性有着密切的关系。纳米粉的加入降低了原始粉末的平均粒度,使得金属陶瓷硬质相的粒度降低,减小了晶粒间的平均自由程。镶嵌于大颗粒环形相和弥散分布于粘结相中的细小硬质相颗粒,对裂纹的形成和扩展起到阻碍作用,会使金属陶瓷因裂纹扩展途径发生偏转而增韧。     

Mo_2C对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷腐蚀性能的影响

通过静态浸泡腐蚀和动电位极化两种方法,研究了Mo2C对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在NaOH溶液中腐蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明:Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的耐蚀性明显优于WC-Co硬质合金;添加Mo2C可以大幅度提高Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的机械性能,硬度从91.2到94.0 HRA和抗弯强度从930到1 350 MPa,但会降低金属陶瓷的耐蚀性能;由于Mo2C的加入,会使金属陶瓷的动电位极化曲线出现两个钝化区,但是两个钝化区域的电流均未达到真正的钝化电流(10-5A/cm2),因而这些钝化现象均为伪钝化;在经动电位极化后的试样表面,粘结相Ni和白色的内环相均会被腐蚀,其中内环相为富Mo的(Mo,Ti)(C,N)固溶体,其耐腐蚀性较未溶的Ti(C,N)芯更差。随着Mo2C添加量的提高,内环形相的厚度随之会增加,从而降低了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的耐蚀性能。     

Effect of secondary carbides addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N)-based cermets

(Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N)-based cermets were prepared by mixing Mo₂C, WC and TaC with ultrafine (Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N) powders, and then processed via a conventional P/M technique. The effect of Mo₂C, WC and TaC on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N)-8 wt.% Ni-7 wt.% Co systems was investigated. The Mo₂C content was varied from 0 to 10 wt.% and additive WC or TaC was added at a level of 5 wt.% with Mo₂C addition. The results show that the densification of (Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N)-8 wt.% Ni-7 wt.% Co cermets was improved significantly by the addition of Mo₂C. With the increase of Mo₂C content, there is a coarsening tendency in the microstructure of (Ti, 20W, 15Mo, 0.2V)(C, N)-8Ni-7Co system, but the refinement for (Ti, 15W, 5Mo, 0.2V)(C, N)-8Ni-7Co. TaC addition decreases the density of (Ti, 15W, 5Mo, 0.2V)(C, N)-10Mo₂C-8Ni-7Co cermet and thus weakens its bending strength. (Ti, 15W, 5Mo, 0.2V)(C, N)-10Mo₂C-5WC-8Ni-7Co cermet has optimal mechanical properties: bending strength of 1999 MPa, hardness (H_v) of 1677 MPa and toughness of 9.95 MPa m^1/2 respectively by adding WC, which is due to its ultrafine and weak core/rim structure.     

Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷烧结过程中显微组织和力学性能的变化

采用真空烧结法制备了Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷。运用XRD、SEM、EDS研究了Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷的烧结过程中显微组织的变化并测试了不同烧结温度下所得金属陶瓷材料的力学性能。实验结果表明:进入L1液相(奥氏体+Fe2B)烧结阶段后,金属陶瓷由于颗粒重排致密度大幅度提高,但溶解-析出过程进行得较缓慢,晶粒基本没有长大。提高烧结温度至L2液相(奥氏体+L1+Mo2FeB2)生成后,由于溶解-析出过程明显加剧,晶粒长大趋势明显,但致密化程度进一步提高。当烧结温度达到1280℃,保温时间为40min时,烧结体接近完全致密,所得材料组织均匀具有较佳力学性能。     

烧结温度对(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)-(Co,Ni)金属陶瓷组织结构和性能的影响

以(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)-(Co,Ni)基金属陶瓷材料为研究对象,研究烧结温度对金属陶瓷的成分、微观组织和力学性能的影响,初步探讨成分、微观组织与材料强度的关系.结果 表明:烧结温度对(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)-(Co,Ni)基金属陶瓷组织特征有显著的影响;合金的总碳含量随着烧结温度的提高而降低,当...