一种新型的全片内低噪声CMOS低压差线性稳压器

提出了一种全片内集成的低噪声CMOS低压差线性稳压器(LDO).首先建立传统LDO的噪声模型,分析了关键噪声来源并提出采用低噪声参考电压源来降低LDO输出噪声的方法.其次,提出一种带数字校正的基于阈值电压的低噪声参考电压源,用TSMC 0.18μm RF CMOS工艺设计并完成了为低相位噪声锁相环(PLL)电路供电的全片内集成低噪声LDO的流片和测试.该LDO被集成于高性能射频接收器芯片中.仿真结果表明,LDO的输出噪声低于26nV/√Hz@100kHz,14nV/√Hz@1MHz,电源抑制比达到-40dB@1MHz,全频率范围内低于-34dB.测试结果表明采用该低噪声LDO的PLL电路与采用传统LDO的PLL电路相比,其相位噪声降低6dBc@lkHz,低2dBc@200kHz.     

一种新型的全片内低噪声CMOS低压差线性稳压器

提出了一种全片内集成的低噪声CMOS低压差线性稳压器(LDO).首先建立传统LDO的噪声模型,分析了关键噪声来源并提出采用低噪声参考电压源来降低LDO输出噪声的方法.其次,提出一种带数字校正的基于阈值电压的低噪声参考电压源,用TSMC 0.18μm RF CMOS工艺设计并完成了为低相位噪声锁相环(PLL)电路供电的全片内集成低噪声LDO的流片和测试.该LDO被集成于高性能射频接收器芯片中.仿真结果表明,LDO的输出噪声低于26nV/√Hz@100kHz,14nV/√Hz@1MHz,电源抑制比达到-40dB@1MHz,全频率范围内低于-34dB.测试结果表明采用该低噪声LDO的PLL电路与采用传统LDO的PLL电路相比,其相位噪声降低6dBc@lkHz,低2dBc@200kHz.     

宽负载范围的高PSRR线性电源研究

研究分析了线性稳压电源中电源对稳压输出的噪声影响途径,提出了一种与负载无关的高PSRR线性稳压器电路,为减小电源噪声对LDO模块电路的影响,基于带隙基准源内部的自建电压实现高压和低噪声隔离,抑制了传统结构带来的功耗、 面积和噪声问题,基于0.18μｍ、４０ Ｖ 高压BCD工艺进行了具体电路设计与芯片实现,经过全面验证,在电源电压为 4.5Ｖ 到32 Ｖ,输出电容为2.2μＦ,最大负载电流为200ｍＡ 的条件下LDO可提供3.3Ｖ的稳定电压源,空载时PSRR可达到80.5,ｄＢ负载为200ｍＡ下PSRR仍然高达80.23ｄＢ,变化率仅为0.001ｄＢ/ ｍＡ,实现了与负载无关的高PSRR 线性稳压器设计。     

一种低静态电流、高稳定性的LDO线性稳压器

该文提出了一种低静态电流、高稳定性低压差(LDO)线性稳压器。LDO中的电流偏置电路产生30nA的低温度漂移偏置电流,可使LDO的静态工作电流降低到4A。另外,通过设计一种新型的动态Miller频率补偿结构使得电路的稳定性与输出电流无关,达到了高稳定性的设计要求。芯片设计基于CSMC公司的0.5m CMOS混合信号模型,并通过了流片验证。测试结果表明,该稳压器的线性调整和负载调整的典型值分别为2mV和14mV;输出的最大电流为300mA;其输出压差在150mA输出电流,3.3V输出电压下为170mV;输出噪声在频率从22Hz到80kHz间为150VRMS。     

一种中大功率多路低噪声开关电源的设计

高精密电子系统对开关电源的低噪声要求日趋普遍,需求功率也日益增大。针对开关电源的噪声来源与特点,综合利用多重噪声抑制措施方有可能实现低输出噪声。着重介绍了一种多路输出开关电源的低噪声设计思路,从基础变换电路的低噪声设计和外围电路的低噪声处理方面进行了分析,对开关管、整流管、变压器辐射、布局布线与引出线处理、共模噪声抑制等采取对应噪声抑制方法。最后运用该方案试制了一款实际电路,通过实测表明设计满足预期要求。     

快速瞬态响应低噪声无片外电容LDO

针对便携式设备快速瞬态响应、低噪声、高电源抑制比等应用需求,提出了一种无片外电容NMOS型低压差线性稳压器(LDO)。该LDO基于浮栅结构,通过具有推挽输出级的放大器辅助控制,减小了电荷泵的噪声耦合;另外,通过取样输出电流控制误差放大器的输出动态范围,极大地提高了电路的瞬态响应能力。电路基于HHGrace 0.35μm BCD工艺设计,仿真结果表明,无外接电容时,负载电流在1μA～400 mA之间跳变,电路的下冲电压为203 mV,过冲电压为101 mV,响应时间小于1.5μs;在10 Hz～100 kHz的频段内,系统输出积分噪声电压为14μV·Hz^-1/2。LDO达到了快速瞬态响应和低噪声的需求。     

安森美半导体的超高电源抑制比(PSRR)LDO提高无线和成像应用性能

射频(RF)收发器、Wi-Fi模块和光学图像传感器等应用对开关稳压器产生的噪声或残留交流纹波较敏感。半导体行业领袖安森美半导体最近推出的超高电源抑制比(PSRR)低压降(LDO)稳压器系列NCP16x及汽车变体器件NCV81x,实现超低噪声,是用于这类应用的理想电源管理方案。安森美半导体的超高PSRR LDO稳压器系列简介安森美半导体的超高PSRR LDO稳压器系列采用了一种新的专利架构,从而实现业界最佳的PSRR(最高达98 dB),阻止不想要的电源噪声到达敏感的模拟电路,而超低噪声无需额外的输出电容。     

2～4GHz MMIC低噪声放大器

采用中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所的GaAs PHEMT低噪声工艺,设计了一款2~4 GHz微波单片集成电路低噪声放大器(MMIC LNA)。该低噪声放大器采用两级级联的电路结构,第一级折中考虑了低噪声放大器的最佳噪声和最大增益,采用源极串联负反馈和输入匹配电路,实现噪声匹配和输入匹配。第二级采用串联、并联负反馈,提高电路的增益平坦度和稳定性。每一级采用自偏电路设计,实现单电源供电。MMIC芯片测试结果为:工作频率为2~4 GHz,噪声系数小于1.0 dB,增益大于27.5 dB,1 dB压缩点输出功率大于18 dBm,输入、输出回波损耗小于-10 dB,芯片面积为2.2 mm×1.2 mm。     

高增益低噪声热释电红外探测器前置放大器设计研究

提出一种新的高增益低噪声热释电红外探测器电路模型.采用双极型结型场效应(BJFET),通过改变时间常数解决了热释电前置放大器输出信号弱和易受干扰的关键问题,理论推导了热释电电路的输出电流和电压响应,系统地分析了改进的前置放大器的噪声和温度特性.经实验验证:该电路实现了大电流、宽频带、高增益、低噪声等优化特性.     

基于光电二极管反偏的光电检测电路的噪声分析

噪声性能是限制光电检测电路探测能力的重要因素,针对这个问题,设计了基于光电二极管反偏的光电检测电路并分析其电路噪声,分析噪声时,创新性地从光电检测电路结构出发,将整个电路等效为光电二极管、晶体三极管、运算放大器三个级联模块,详尽分析了每个模块的噪声来源及其相关因素,计算每个模块的输出噪声,最终得出整个电路的输出噪声电压模型。根据输出噪声电压模型,确定了电路的各项参数,预估电路的输出噪声电压,最后,搭建实际电路,测量电路的噪声性能,验证了输出噪声电压模型的准确性,实现低噪声光电检测电路的设计。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks