金属醇盐水解法制备电池材料LiNiO2

为制备电池jF极材料LiNiO2,采用了金属醇盐水解法.其过程为向80mL乙醇和1mL乙酰丙酮混合溶液中加入0.27g锂片,采用金属阳极溶解法控制电流为0.2A电解镍片6h,制得纳米LiNiO2前驱体.将电解液控制pH-9.0直接水解形成凝胶,经洗涤、干燥后在500℃煅烧2h,制得纳米LiNiO2粉体.产物通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、电子透射显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征.结果表明.所得前驱体结构为LiNi(OEt)(4-n)(acac)n(acac为乙酰丙酮基);干凝胶500℃煅烧后所得纳米LiNiO2粉体的粒径为25～35nm.     

金属醇盐配合物与纳米钛酸铅的制备

在C[(Bu4)Br]=0．03mol／L的乙醇溶液中，保持温度50℃电解钛片4h，40℃电解铅片2h，每隔30min；0．1mL乙酰丙酮，制得铅、钛金属醇盐PbTi(OCH2CH3)(6-y)(acac)y，采用红外、拉曼光谱等测试技术对纳米PbTiO3前驱体进行了表征。前驱体中含有乙酰丙酮基团(acac^-)。凝胶经乙醇洗涤、真空干燥24h后，700℃煅烧2h制得纳米PbTiO3粉体。采用X-射线衍射、电子透射技术等手段对纳米PbTiO3进行了表征，干凝胶粒径为10nm，纳米PbTiO3粒径为10-15nm。     

在乙二醇溶液中制备金属氧化物催化剂

在50mL圆底烧瓶中,通过乙二醇溶液制备了铁配合物Fe(OCH2CH2OH)3,将溶液直接水解制备出纳米Fe2O3粉体.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振对产物Fe(OCH2CH2OH)3进行表征,通过x射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米Fe2O3进行表征.实验表明,前驱体中含有OCH2CH2OH基团,可以有效克服水解与煅烧过程中的团聚现象.经450℃煅烧2h得到的纳米Fe2O3粉体颗粒分散较好,粒径为20～35nm.     

溶胶—凝胶法制备BAM前驱体BaMgAl_(10)O_(17)研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,用柠檬酸作为络合剂合成了纳米晶BAM前驱体BaMgAl10O17。研究发现,溶液的pH值对溶胶-凝胶的形成过程有重要影响,调节溶液的pH值为5～7可以形成稳定的溶胶。XRD分析表明,在950℃温度下煅烧得到的粉体为结晶完全的纳米晶BaMgAl10O17,粉体粒径在50 nm左右,团聚尺寸在150 nm左右。     

纳米TiO_2对RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧性能的影响

研究了纳米Ti O2含量、晶型和粒度对RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,纳米Ti O2可显著提高RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃速,降低高压下的压力指数。质量分数为1%的5nm锐钛矿型Ti O2可提高1~18MPa燃速,8MPa燃速提高幅度达到88%,12~18MPa压力区间压力指数为0.197。对于25nm Ti O2,锐钛矿型有利于提高高压燃速,金红石型有利于降低高压压力指数。对于锐钛矿型Ti O2,5nm有利于提高低压燃速,25nm有利于提高高压燃速。     

超声-沉淀法制备纳米级SnO2粉体及其表征

将超声波辐射应用于以四氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O)为原料的沉淀法制备纳米SnO2粉体的工艺过程,制备了平均晶粒尺寸为20nm的SnO2粉体。应用XRD、DTA/TG和SEM等技术研究了纳米SnO2的合成过程及粉体性能。结果表明:超声波抑制了前驱体颗粒团聚并延缓其向凝胶转变,制备出SnO2纳米粉体;此方法所得的纳米SnO2粒子外貌为球形,粒度分布均匀,分散性好。     

液相化学法制备纳米铝粉及其表征

为了得到微结构可控的纳米铝粉,尝试用液相化学法制备纳米铝粉,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对其进行表征。研究了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量和分解温度对铝粉形貌、粒径和组成的影响。在此基础上,优化出最佳制备工艺参数,当AlCl₃∶LiAlH₄摩尔比为1∶6,催化剂用量为0.04 mL,分解温度为110 ℃时,制得的纳米铝粉为类球形,平均粒径约为50 nm,杂质Cl、Ti含量少。     

化学共沉淀工艺制备钛酸锶钡纳米粉体

以硝酸钡、硝酸锶、草酸和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备草酸氧钛锶钡(BSTO,Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO(C2O4)2·4H2O)前躯体粉体,将该前躯体800℃煅烧4h得到钛酸锶钡(BST,Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3)纳米粉体。用差热分析仪研究BSTO的热分解过程,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究钛酸锶钡粉体的相组成和微观形貌。结果表明:BSTO前驱体的热分解过程可以分为失去结晶水、草酸氧钛跟(TiO(C2O4)22-)分解和BST结晶化3个阶段;所制备的钛酸锶钡粉体为高纯立方晶相,粉体呈类球状,平均粒径约为100nm。     

高频等离子体法制备纳米氧化铋

采用高频等离子体为热源,以普通微米级氧化铋粉体为原料制备高纯氧化铋纳米粉末。用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜和X射线小角散射法(SAXS)对高纯氧化铋纳米粉结构、形貌、粒度及其分布进行表征;用BET吸附法测定比表面积,并测定其红外和紫外吸收性能。结果表明,高频等离子体法制备纳米氧化铋为正方晶系的Bi2O3,中位粒径17.5 nm,粒径范围分布在1~50 nm,比表面积为47.73 m2/g,禁带宽度为2.25 eV。     

凝胶模板法制备RDX/B/Fe_2O_3纳米复合含能材料

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Fe2O3凝胶模板,加入黑索今(RDX)和硼(B)粉,制得RDX/B/Fe2O3复合湿凝胶,利用超临界CO2流体干燥工艺对其进行干燥,得到RDX/B/Fe2O3纳米复合含能材料。讨论了湿凝胶制备和超临界CO2流体干燥工艺中对凝胶结构和粒子大小的影响因素,获得了最佳制备工艺条件:Fe3+浓度0.20mol·L-1,n(Fe3+)∶n(C3H6O)=1∶15,超临界流体的温度40℃和压力10 MPa,干燥釜升压时CO2流入的速率15L·h-1,干燥釜平衡换气时CO2流体的流速2L·h-1。在此条件下制备得到纳米复合含能材料RDX/B/Fe2O3(质量比为90∶2∶8),利用扫描电镜,差示扫描量热分析了样品的微观形貌和热分解特性,测试了机械感度。结果表明,所得纳米含能材料粒度为30~50nm;RDX/B/Fe2O3分解放热起始温度比原料RDX提前了7℃,放热量提高了885J·g-1,机械感度H50=40.8cm。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.