滴流床反应器的压降和持液量

在空气、水和固体玻璃或陶瓷球颗粒床层中,测定了两相并流时的压降和持液量。讨论了流体流率、颗粒粒度及材质对压降和持液量的影响,比较了大颗粒和小颗粒的特性,修正了前人的一些关联式。     

滴流床式固定化植物细胞反应器中的压降和持液量

滴流床式固定化植物细胞反应器中的压降和持液量袁丽红，周名立，欧阳平凯（南京化工学院应用化学系，南京２１０００９）关键词：滴流床反应器，固定化植物细胞，压降，持液量１前言植物细胞的固定化通常采用海藻胶进行包埋，然后源源不断地提供其营养成分并通入空气，以...     

两相并流小颗粒滴流床反应器的压降和持液量的研究

在空气、水和小的固体玻璃或氧化铝球形颗粒床层中,测定了两相并流时压降和持液量。测定了流体流率、颗粒粒度及材质,分别对压降和持液量的影响,比较了大颗粒和小颗粒的特性,探计了前人的一些关联式,取得了满意结果。     

滴流床反应器内脉冲流下动持液量实验

对气液强相互作用下滴流床反应器内的流体动力学进行了分析讨论 .实验测定了脉冲流流型下的床层平均动持液量 .考察了气液流率、液体黏度、填料材料等因素对动持液量的影响 .根据对滴流床反应器内流体流动机理的分析及实验结果 ,提出了关联脉冲流型式下动持液量的关联式 .该关联式能很好地关联实验数据 ,可用于预测温和型脉冲流下的动持液量     

滴流床反应器持液量的滞后现象

通过采用电容层析成像仪测定了不同气速、不同液速、不同操作方式以及不同床层位置的持液量滞后曲线,发现影响持液量滞后的最大因素是液体流速。在实验的基础上,分析了不同操作状态下产生滞后现象的原因,并提出了采用持液量滞后曲线终点来判断脉冲点的关联式：Re^＊LReG^＊0.42042=800。     

小颗粒滴流床反应器中持液量及液相轴向扩散

本文研究了小颗粒滴流床反应器中持液量和液相轴向扩散.在液体表现流速6.15×10~(-3)-2.37×10~(-2)m/s、气体表观流速7.07×10~(-3)-0.56m/s范围内,用4种气液系统和6种填料,在298±1K下,同时得到压降和动持液量数据,并得到动持液量的关联式:B_d=h_d/ε_B=2.23Re_(?)~(0.41)(Ga_(?)~(?))~(0.31)(a_td_p/ε_B)Re_(?)~(-0.066)结果表明,三叶草形催化剂床层的持液量比相应尺寸的圆柱形高.此外,在温度298±1K下,应用玻璃球填料及4种不同气液系统,在低相互作用区(滴流区),用脉冲法测得液相RTD曲线,并得到Pe_l的关联式:Pe_l=0.117(Re_l/h_d)~0.62Ga_l~(-0.092)     

高压下滴流床反应器压降和液含率的预测

采用Ａｌ－Ｄａｈｈａｎ的滴流床高压数据，确定了Ｈｏｌｕｂ详细模型中速率滑移因子ｆｖ和剪切滑移因子ｆｓ的关联式，并将简单模型和详细模型的预测与实验结果进行了比较．结果表明：在高压下详细模型的预测效果明显优于简单模型，且与实验值的偏差较小，使得Ｈｏｌｕｂ的基础模型的预测能力大大增强．     

滴流床中持液量及流型转变的一维流体力学模型

针对滴流床中均匀球形填料,在颗粒尺度上分析气液两相在颗粒空隙中的流动.从基本的流体力学方程出发,建立了微观流动模型,求得滴流区液相在填料表面上的分布,进而计算液相总持液量,并通过对液膜波的稳定性分析,提出了滴流区向脉动区转变的判据.模型与实验结果及文献值作了比较,符合程度较好.     

细颗粒滴流床的压降与传质

细颗粒滴流床在三种床径下实验,采用不同粒度的多孔玻璃球及实心玻璃球填料时的床层压降,可由两相摩阻因子f_(gl)的经验关系表示:lnf(gl)=7.38-1.32lnz+0.011(lnZ)~2-0.0077(lnZ)~3由氧解吸法测得床层内的容积传质系数K_la,它的关联方程为:k_la=0.00160E_L~(0.55)·u_g~(0.25)     

Volume‐of‐fluid‐based model for multiphase flow in high‐pressure trickle‐bed reactor: Optimization of numerical parameters

Aiming to understand the effect of various parameters such as liquid velocity, surface tension, and wetting phenomena, a Volume‐of‐Fluid (VOF) model was developed to simulate the multiphase flow in high‐pressure trickle‐bed reactor (TBR). As the accuracy of the simulation is largely dependent on mesh density, different mesh sizes were compared for the hydrodynamic validation of the multiphase flow model. Several model solution parameters comprising different time steps, convergence criteria and discretization schemes were examined to establish model parametric independency results. High‐order differencing schemes were found to agree better with the experimental data from the literature given that its formulation includes inherently the minimization of artificial numerical dissipation. The optimum values for the numerical solution parameters were then used to evaluate the hydrodynamic predictions at high‐pressure demonstrating the significant influence of the gas flow rate mainly on liquid holdup rather than on two‐phase pressure drop and exhibiting hysteresis in both hydrodynamic parameters. Afterwards, the VOF model was applied to evaluate successive radial planes of liquid volume fraction at different packed bed cross‐sections. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Hydrodynamics in a pilot‐scale cocurrent trickle‐bed reactor at low gas velocities

Hydrodynamic data obtained from laboratory‐scale trickle‐beds often fail to accurately represent industrial‐scale systems with high packing aspect ratios and column‐to‐particle diameter ratios. In this study, pressure drop, liquid holdup, and flow regime transition were investigated in a pilot‐scale trickle‐bed column of 33 cm ID and 2.45 m bed height packed with 1.6 mm × 8.4 ± 1.4 mm cylindrical extrudates for air‐water mass superficial velocities of 0.0023 – 0.094 kg/m²s and 4.5 – 45 kg/m²s, respectively, at atmospheric pressure. Significant deviation was observed from pressure drop and liquid holdup correlations at low liquid flows rates, corresponding to gravity‐driven flow limit. Likewise, liquid saturation is overestimated by correlations at high liquid flow rates, owing to significantly reduced wall effects. Lastly, trickle‐to‐dispersed bubble flow and trickle‐to‐pulsing flow regime transitions are reported using a combination of visual observations and analysis of the magnitude of local pressure fluctuations within the column. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2560–2569, 2018     

Hydrodynamics of gas–liquid flow in micropacked beds: Pressure drop,liquid holdup,and two‐phase model

Hydrodynamics of gas–liquid two‐phase flow in micropacked beds are studied with a new experimental setup. The pressure drop, residence time distribution, and liquid holdup are measured with gas and liquid flow rates varying from 4 to 14 sccm and 0.1 to 1 mL/min, respectively. Key parameters are identified to control the experimentally observed hydrodynamics, including transient start‐up procedure, gas and liquid superficial velocities, particle and packed bed diameters, and physical properties of the liquids. Contrary to conventional large packed beds, our results demonstrate that in these microsystems, capillary forces have a large effect on pressure drop and liquid holdup, while gravity can be neglected. A mathematical model describes the hydrodynamics in the micropacked beds by considering the contribution of capillary forces, and its predictions are in good agreement with experimental data. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4694–4704, 2017     

水平管气液两相段塞流的波动特性

气液两相段塞流是液塞和长气泡在空间和时间上的交替,在流动过程中表现出间歇性和不稳定性。系统地研究了水平管中段塞流持液率、压力和压差的波动特性。结果表明,段塞流持液率的概率密度分布为双峰分布,高持液率峰对应于液塞区,低持液率峰对应于液膜区;在压力的概率密度分布中,当压力测试点到管道出口之间的段塞单元数目少时,压力分布出现双峰分布;当压力测试点到管道出口之间的段塞单元数目多时,压力分布出现单峰分布;压差信号分布呈单峰分布。这些特征为流型识别提供了可靠的段塞流标识。     

湍流-层流气液分层流的模型

The time-dependent liquid film thickness and pressure drop are measured by using parallel-wire conductance probes and capacitance differential-pressure transducer. A mathematical model with iterative procedure to calculate holdup and pressure drop in horizontal and inclined gas-liquid stratified flow is developed. The predictions agree well with over a hundred experimental data in 0.024 and 0.04 m diameter pipelines.     

涓流床反应器中流区过渡的气相渗透率表征

由于Ergun方程可适用于气液间无相互作用的两相流动压降计算,并且由气相单相和气液两相并流下的气相压降比值可计算气相相对渗透率,因此,Ergun方程可用于涓流床中不同流区过渡和气液相互作用程度的表征。为检验这一方法的有效性,实验测定了空气-水体系在内径140mm有机玻璃塔中不同粒径玻璃珠(1.9、3.6、5.2、9.3mm)组成的床层压降和持液量。由于采用了压力传感器和电容层析成像仪,因此可测定脉冲流状态下的瞬态数据。通过压降的实验值与理论值比较,发现Ergun方程的适用范围有限,在没有进入脉冲流前先已失效,说明此时气液间作用已经相当显著。鉴于此,改用气液两相压降实验值代替理论值进行了气体渗透率的计算,发现不同气液流速和颗粒直径下出现脉冲流时的气体渗透率均低于0.08。     

Automated measurements of gas‐liquid mass transfer in micropacked bed reactors

Gas‐liquid mass transfer in micropacked bed reactors is characterized with an automated platform integrated with in‐line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This setup enables screening of a multidimensional parameter space underlying absorption with chemical reaction. Volumetric gas‐liquid mass‐transfer coefficients (k_La) are determined for the model reaction of CO₂ absorption in a methyl diethanolamine/water solution. Parametric studies are conducted varying gas and liquid superficial velocities, packed bed dimensions and packing particle sizes. The results show that k_La values are in the range of 0.12～0.39 s^?1, which is about one‐to‐two orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional trickle beds. An empirical correlation predicts k_La in micropacked bed reactors in good agreement with experimental data. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 564–570, 2018     

Hydrodynamics and flow regime transition study of trickle bed reactor at elevated temperature and pressure

The hydrodynamics in a trickle bed reactor (TBR) in non-ambient conditions are studied for air-water and air-acetone (pure organic liquid of low surface tension) systems. A flow map experiments for air-water and air-acetone systems are performed in a pilot plant reactor of 0.05 m i.d. and 1.25 m height. It has been demonstrated from the experimental results that the pressure drop tends to increase with increasing superficial gas and liquid velocity and reactor pressure, while it tends to decrease with increasing bed temperature. The results also show that the dynamic liquid holdup increases with increasing liquid velocity and decreases with increasing superficial gas velocity, reactor pressure and bed temperature. The dynamic liquid holdup and pressure drop values are obviously higher than those measured for air-water system at the same fluid fluxes, reactor pressure and bed temperature due to the surface tension effects. For higher reactor pressure and temperature, the trickle to pulse transition boundary shifts towered higher superficial velocities of both gas and liquid.