激光等离子体诊断用微微秒紫外高功率激光脉冲的产生

氙灯泵浦的可调谐染料激光器锁模脉冲用XeCl准分子激光器泵浦的三级染料激光放大器放大后,经倍频再用XeCl准分子激光器放大,在308毫微米处获得了微微秒高功率激光脉冲输出,其峰值功率可达500兆瓦,功率净增益为200。     

Picosecond pulse measurements using the active laser medium

A simple method for measuring the pulse lengths of synchronously pumped dye lasers which does not require the use of an external nonlinear medium, such as a doubling crystal or two-photon fluorescence cell, to autocorrelate the pulses is discussed. The technique involves feeding the laser pulses back into the dye jet, thus correlating the output pulses with the intracavity pulses to obtain pulse length signatures in the resulting time-averaged laser power. Experimental measurements were performed using a rhodamine 6G dye laser pumped by a mode-locked frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The results agree well with numerical computations, and the method proves effective in determining lengths of picosecond laser pulses     

利用飞秒激光和纳秒激光脉冲加工金刚石

分别利用脉宽在40 fs 和5 ns 的飞秒及纳秒激光脉冲加工了钎焊在不锈钢底板上的金刚石阵列.通过测量加工区域面积和入射激光功率的关系推断出了飞秒和纳秒激光脉冲加工金刚石材料的阈值.实验结果表明,相比于纳秒激光加工,利用飞秒激光加工金刚石的阈值更低.也利用显微镜比较了利用不同种类光源加工金刚石后加工区域的形貌.研究结果证明了利用飞秒激光加工金刚石相比于纳秒激光更为有效.     

Laser ablation and micromachining with ultrashort laser pulses

The mechanisms of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation of materials are discussed, and the differences to that of long laser pulses are emphasized. Ultrashort laser pulses offer both high laser intensity and precise laser-induced breakdown threshold with reduced laser fluence. The ablation of materials with ultrashort pulses has a very limited heat-affected volume. The advantages of ultrashort laser pulses are applied in precision micromachining of various materials. Some femtosecond laser pulse micromachining results, including comparison with long pulses, are presented. Ultrashort-pulse laser micromachining may have a wide range of applications where micrometer and submicrometer feature sizes are required     

激光去除光纤涂敷层的实验研究

采用波长为10. 6μm的TEA CO2 红外激光和波长为248nm的KrF准分子激光去除SMF28光纤涂敷层,研究了激光脉冲能量密度和脉冲数与涂敷层去除效果之间的关系。实验 证明,涂敷层去除厚度随激光脉冲能量密度的增加呈对数增长,随红外激光脉冲数的增加呈对数变化,随紫外激光脉冲数的增加呈线性变化,且去除效果在红外激光8.15J / cm2、20个脉冲和紫外激光452mJ / cm2、800个脉冲下达到最佳。     

带磁开关的冲击-自持脉冲放电技术及其应用

本文通过对带磁开关的冲击-自持脉冲放电电路放电过程的分析,指出了该电路在激发准分子激光时的优点,在考虑准分子激光形成过程特点的基础上,进一步指出了利用该电路有利于制成高效率、高功率、长脉冲准分子激光器件.     

Three-dimensional optical storage in fused silica using modulated femtosecond pulses

Three-dimensional bitwise optical recording with a density of 500 Gb/cm3 in fused silica using a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser modulated by binary digits is demonstrated. Laser pulses modulation is realized by modulating two circuits of trigger pulses signal which are used to control laser pulses trapping and switching out from cavity, respectively. Bits are optically readout in both a parallel reading (phase-contrast) and a serial reading (confocal-type) methods. The method for modulating laser pulses can also be used in all of pulsed laser systems which operate in cavity-dumping configuration.     

Surface and bulk structuring of materials by ripples with long and short laser pulses: Recent advances

Ripples are formed on the surface of solid materials after interaction with laser pulses of high intensity/irradiance. When ultra-short sub-1 ps laser pulses are used, the observed morphology of ripples on surfaces becomes much more complex as compared with ripples formed by long laser pulses. Uniquely for the short laser pulses, ripples can be formed in the bulk. A better understanding of the fundamentals of light-matter interaction in ripples formation is strongly required. Experimentally observed ripples and dependence of their parameters on laser fabrication conditions and material properties are summarized first. Then, a critical review of relevant ripple formation mechanisms is presented, discussed, and formation conjectures are presented.     

Infrared pulses of 1 picosecond duration tunable between 4 μmand 18 μm

The generation of infrared pulses via difference frequency mixing of Nd:glass laser pulses and infrared dye laser pulses is discussed. Tuning between 4 and 18 μm is achieved by various combinations of laser dyes (dye No. 5 and A 9860) and nonlinear crystals (AgGaS₂ and GaSe). The energy of the mid-infrared pulses is in the order of a microjoule; and the photon conversion efficiency is ≲2%. The duration of the nearly bandwidth limited pulses is measured to be 1 ps. The system operates with a repetition rate of 1 Hz     

基于六波混频的双波长红外光信号研究

利用钛宝石激光脉冲在铷原子蒸汽中通过非线性光学混频产生两个不同波长的红外光脉冲信号。研究了铷原子数密度、泵浦激光强度以及光脉冲啁啾对两个红外光信号之间竞争特性的影响。结果表明,两个红外光信号主要产生于两个耦合的差频参量六波混频过程;信号的强度随铷原子数密度、泵浦激光强度和光脉冲啁啾发生变化;两个红外光信号间的竞争主要由两个参量六波混频过程的相位匹配决定,相位匹配与铷原子数密度相关度很强,而与泵浦激光强度和光脉冲啁啾相关度很弱。     

重复激光脉冲作用下薄膜损伤演化规律研究

为了深入研究重复激光脉冲的能量效应对光学薄膜的烧蚀机理,采用实验观测与热力学分析相结合的方法进行了研究。通过观察光学薄膜烧蚀形貌随入射激光脉冲数量增加发生改变的典型形貌特征,分析了激光与等离子体相互作用的热力学过程,得到了在激光重复脉冲作用下光学薄膜的损伤特性及其演化规律。结果表明,薄膜在重复脉冲作用下,其表面会变得粗糙,这会大大增加对激光的吸收效应,从而加速了薄膜的破坏,最终被完全去除而露出基底;同时,烧蚀物会在热膨胀作用下向激光作用区域外扩散,在激光烧蚀中心区域外进行沉积,而形成更大范围的污染。由于激光光强为高斯分布,重复脉冲作用的效应主要是对在光束中心区域的薄膜进行集中烧蚀,会不断增加烧蚀的损伤程度,而对烧蚀面积的增加效应极为有限。这一研究结果为重复激光脉冲对薄膜烧蚀机理的建立提供了参考。     

高重复频率的增益开关Nd3+:YVO4+KTP绿光激光器

摘要：介绍了可连续和脉冲双模式输出的绿光激光器。用一只半导体激光器端面抽运Nd3+:YVO4+KTP胶合晶体,通过腔内倍频,获得光-光转换效率为19%的连续绿光激光输出。利用增益开关技术,改变注入激光器的电脉冲波形,可以得到方波、正弦波或三角波的绿光激光脉冲输出;调节激光器驱动电流的幅度和占空比可改变输出激光脉冲的强度和脉宽;改变驱动电源的重复频率可以使输出绿光激光脉冲的重复频率连续可调,最大重复频率可达2MHz。在重复频率为560kHz时,获得了输出绿光激光脉冲宽度为74ns、峰值功率为285mW、振幅噪声小于3%。     

飞秒-纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀金属热效应分析

为了描述不同脉冲激光烧蚀金属表面作用过程,从双温模型出发,用有限元差分法对飞秒、皮秒和纳秒脉冲烧蚀金属表面的温度场进行了数值求解,将结果与不同的激光脉冲宽度内约化双温方程得到的解析解和简化方程进行了比较,并讨论了这些简化方程的适用范围和简化的合理性,还讨论了电子热流表达式与辐照激光光强的关系。计算结果表明,在不同脉冲宽度内的约化方程所得结果与双温模型数值求解符合得很好,证明了在飞秒领域,晶格温度可认为是常数,双温模型被简化为自由电子的温度变化方程;在皮秒激光领域,要用完整的双温方程描述;纳秒脉冲期间认为电子晶格温度相等,双温模型被简化为热传导方程。     

不同激光脉冲驱动的尾场中正电子加速的研究

为了研究在激光驱动的尾场中被加速正电子的动能,采用数值模拟方法,得到了非对称sine脉冲、flat-top脉冲和Gaussian脉冲驱动的尾场中被加速的正电子的能量。结果表明,非对称sine脉冲驱动尾场中正电子得到的能量比flat-top脉冲和Gaussian脉冲驱动尾场中得到的能量高一些。     

不同激光脉冲作用下ZnS晶体非线性光学特性

用Z-scan技术在532 nm的皮秒激光脉冲和800 nm飞秒激光脉冲作用下分别研究了ZnS晶体的非线性吸收及非线性折射特性。实验结果表明,ZnS晶体在532 nm的皮秒激光脉冲作用下非线性吸收为双光子吸收,其非线性吸收系数为5.310-11 m/W,在800 nm的飞秒激光脉冲作用下非线性吸收为三光子吸收,非线性吸收系数为0.5910-21 m2/W2;在532 nm皮秒激光脉冲作用下,ZnS晶体的非线性折射率符号为负,自由载流子产生的非线性折射率的改变占主导,而800 nm飞秒激光脉冲作用下,ZnS晶体的非线性折射率符号为正,束缚电子产生的非线性折射率的改变为主要因素。     

多脉冲飞秒激光烧蚀铝靶动态特性研究

利用时间分辨阴影图研究了脉冲能量在200微焦的多脉冲飞 秒激光烧蚀铝靶的动态过程、并使用 扫描电镜研究了靶材表面烧蚀区域的形貌特征。时间分辨阴影图的记录结果表明,在不同时 间延迟条件 下,飞秒激光烧蚀铝靶形成的冲击波体积和喷射物的空间分布均随着脉冲个数的增加而发生 不同程度的变 化,尤其是单脉冲烧蚀情况下在1ns延时阴影图中观察到的近同心圆条纹会随着脉冲数目增 加逐渐变得模 糊乃至消失。烧蚀区的电子扫描显微镜图像清楚地揭示出烧蚀过程中伴随有液态铝的产生, 其溅射凝固后 在靶材表面形成小球和细丝状微纳结构。实验结果进一步证实了由前序脉冲烧蚀导致的铝靶 表面结构的改 变会对后继脉冲的烧蚀产生显著影响,从而使多脉冲烧蚀表现出明显不同于单脉冲烧蚀的特 性。这些结果 对飞秒激光脉冲沉积薄膜、直写生成表面微结构等应用的工艺参数优化具有很好的指导意义 。     

Self-focusing during femtosecond micromachining of silicate glasses

Many recent investigations of micromachining with lasers, in vacuum and in ambient air environments, have demonstrated the improvements possible when using femtosecond-duration laser pulses compared with long laser pulses. There are obvious practical advantages for rapid micromachining in ambient air conditions. However, the maximum laser intensity and repetition rate are then eventually limited by the avalanche breakdown and nonlinear effects in the air through which the focused laser beam must propagate both outside the work piece and within the structure that is being machined. This paper investigates these limits in femtosecond deep hole drilling at high laser intensities in silicate glasses. In particular, it shows how nonlinear optical effects, particularly self-focusing, can dramatically affect hole shape and the rate of penetration during deep hole drilling. The experiments described here demonstrate how nonlinear Kerr focusing of femtosecond laser pulses occurs during propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses through the atmosphere within the machined channel at powers levels significantly below the critical power for self-focusing in ambient air.     

Simultaneous determination of the spectral and temporal properties of tunable, single, picosecond pulses from a short cavity dye laser

We report simultaneous quantitative spectral and temporal measurements of the output pulses from a single-axial mode rhodamine 6G short cavity (1-8 mum) dye laser. The dye laser was pumped at 10 Hz with single second harmonic (532 nm) pulses from a mode-locked Nd⁺³:YAG laser. Spectral measurements made with a high resolution spectrograph and temporal measurements made with an ultrafast streak camera indicate the production of Fourier transform limited pulses for near threshold operation. Output pulses of 7-14 ps (FWHM) are observed from the short cavity dye laser when pumped with 15-30 ps duration 532 nm pulses. The output pulse delay and jitter are also investigated. A theoretical model for the temporal evolution of the pulses is presented and compared with the experimental results.     

暗脉冲激光器的研究进展

暗脉冲激光在光波导中传输噪声小、损耗低,因此在信号处理方面比传统亮脉冲更有优势。介绍了暗脉冲激光器的国内外研究进展,重点介绍了经后期光学或电学整形产生暗脉冲和激光器直接产生暗脉冲的各种理论方案,最后对暗脉冲激光器的应用和发展前景进行了展望,并指出了目前还存在的问题。