YB955型透明纸包装机切刀凸轮机构改进熊学伦

YB955型透明纸包装机切刀凸轮机构运行中执行件运动不准确,导致输送机构出现故障.分析凸轮机构结构和原理,改进凸轮机构,在凸轮机构的摆杆上增设润滑装置.改进后,凸轮机构的摆杆部件在润滑作用下可长时间处于灵活状态,减少维修频率,提高设备有效作业率.     

高精密凸轮分割器的凸轮滚子和锥度支撑肋润滑分析

为了提高凸轮分割器的运动精度,通过分析凸轮分割器的运动结构原理,建立凸轮分割器的凸轮滚子和锥度支撑胁在润滑过程中的磨损功率模型;通过研究凸轮分割器的凸轮滚子和锥度支撑胁轮廓表面存在的边界润滑状态,建立边界润滑中最小润滑膜厚度的数学模型,分析速度、温度、黏度对边界润滑油膜形成的影响律。提出保持凸轮分割器良好润滑环境的策略,保证边界润滑油膜能有效地形成。     

基于接触应力及润滑特性分析的配气凸轮基圆半径计算

平底配气凸轮机构凸轮基圆半径的选择将直接影响凸轮机构的结构尺寸、接触应力和润滑性能。利用赫兹应力公式对平底配气凸轮机构接触应力进行分析,利用弹性流体润滑理论对其进行弹性流体动力润滑分析,得到了基圆半径与接触应力和润滑系数间的关系。结果表明：增大凸轮基圆半径可以降低凸轮接触应力,但却不一定能改善凸轮润滑情况;对于给定从动件运动规律的平底配气凸轮机构,利用赫兹应力公式和弹性流体润滑理论同时对基圆半径的取值范围进行约束,才能使配气凸轮同时满足接触应力和润滑要求,从而保证配气机构的可靠性和耐久性。     

平底直动盘形凸轮耐磨损分析

平底直动盘形凸轮主要的失效形式为滑动磨损,导致凸轮的传动精度降低,使用寿命减少.本文结合弹流润滑理论和滑动磨损计算公式,对平底直动盘形凸轮机构的润滑特性以及磨损规律进行探讨,预测凸轮危险磨损表面和磨损寿命,为凸轮的耐磨损设计提供依据.     

集中润滑系统在城市单轨交通道岔系统中的应用

针对城市单轨交通道岔为提高过车速度增加轴向凸轮机构后润滑需要,为轴向凸轮机构设计了集中润滑系统,提高了道岔轴向凸轮机构使用寿命和可靠性.     

平底直动从动件盘形凸轮机构弹流润滑设计

凸轮与从动件之间存在严重的滑动磨损,导致凸轮的传动精度降低,影响使用寿命.文中探讨应用弹流润滑理论对凸轮基本尺寸进行设计的方法,改善凸轮与从动件问的润滑条件,减少凸轮的过度磨损.     

凸轮机构混合弹流润滑特性分析

针对凸轮机构在混合弹流润滑状态下容易过早形成胶合和磨损等问题,对处于混合弹流润滑状态下的凸轮机构润滑特性进行研究。基于载荷分担思想,联立凸轮机构参数方程和弹流润滑理论方程,采用数值解法对凸轮机构推程中的摩擦因数、膜厚和油膜承载占比进行求解,得到6种运动规律凸轮机构的摩擦因数、膜厚和油膜承载占比随凸轮转动的变化曲线,并探究基圆半径、当量弹性模量和转速对凸轮机构混合润滑特性的影响。研究结果表明:增大基圆半径和转速有利于降低推程中的摩擦因数,且使膜厚和油膜承载占比增大,从而有利于改善润滑状况;增大当量弹性模量对推程膜厚影响不大,但会增大摩擦因数,使油膜承载占比减小,从而不利于润滑状况的改善。     

基于润滑特性分析的配气凸轮设计

平底从动件配气凸轮在桃尖附近容易出现润滑危险区,磨损较大,需要进行润滑特性分析。研究表明:配气凸轮桃尖附近润滑系数应满足Nr≥0.5或0.15≤Nr≤0.25,改变凸轮桃尖附近加速度值或凸轮基圆半径,配气凸轮机构获得较好的油膜润滑特性。保证凸轮与从动件之间满足润滑特性要求,能够有效降低配气凸轮机构磨损,当0≤Nr≤0.25或Nr≥0.5,可以增大基圆半径以改善润滑情况;当0.25Nr≤0.5,应根据凸轮尺寸和接触应力要求增大或减小基圆半径,以满足润滑要求。     

船用柴油机凸轮动态摩擦学分析及型线优化设计*

柴油机配气凸轮工作环境较为恶劣,工作过程中配合界面间载荷、速度及曲率半径等工况周期性变化,导致润滑接触条件苛刻,磨损情况恶劣。以某船用柴油机配气凸轮机构典型工况为算例,针对凸轮-挺柱常见的磨损问题,研究凸轮-挺柱动态接触特性;采用余弦-等速段和高次五项式对凸轮型线进行优化设计,并对凸轮-挺柱副动态接触及弹流润滑状态进行数值分析。结果表明:原凸轮磨损的原因是凸轮-挺柱副在运动周期内动态接触应力出现明显波动,最大值超过许用应力值;经型线优化设计后,凸轮-挺柱动态接触应力降到许用值以下,改善了动态接触特性,凸轮型线具有较好的润滑特性,运行过程中可保持较稳定的油膜润滑状态;凸轮转速和接触载荷的改变会直接影响凸轮-挺柱的润滑状态,尤其是随凸轮转速增大,润滑膜厚增大,压力减小,润滑接触状态明显改善。     

直动滚子盘形凸轮弹流润滑分析

磨损是直动滚子盘形凸轮机构的主要失效形式之一,润滑形态是影响凸轮磨损的主要因素,利用弹流润滑理论,探讨直动滚子盘形凸轮机构的最小油膜厚度及其膜厚比的计算,为凸轮的摩擦学优.化设计提供参考.     

干湿工况下波纹翅片管换热器空气侧特性的对比

对7个带亲水层和3个不带亲水层波纹翅片管换热器在析湿工况下空气侧的换热压降特性进行了试验研究,在不同的入口风速和入口相对湿度下比较了干湿工况下的空气侧特性。结果表明,对带亲水层的波纹翅片,析湿工况下的压降显著地高于干工况下的;当入口风速小于0.5 m/s时,湿工况下的换热性能低于干工况下的,当入口风速增加到2.0 m/s时,湿工况下的换热性能则强于干工况下的。析湿工况下带亲水层波纹翅片的换热性能比不带亲水层波纹翅片的偏低一些,但是表面涂上亲水层可以大大降低空气侧的压降。提出析湿工况下波纹翅片管换热器空气侧的换热和压降关联式,平均误差分别为8.70%和7.90%,可用于设计波纹翅片管换热器或者评价它的性能。     

Influence of hyaluronic acid on the time-dependent friction response of articular cartilage under different conditions

Therapeutic lubricant injections of hyaluronic acid are a relatively recent treatment for osteoarthritis. Their efficacy, however, in vivo has been subject to much debate. Frictional properties of cartilage-cartilage contacts under both static and dynamic loading conditions have been investigated, using healthy cartilage and cartilage with a physically disrupted surface, with and without the addition of a therapeutic lubricant, hyaluronic acid. Most of the cartilage friction models produced typical time-dependent loading curves, with a rise in static friction with loading time. For the dynamic loading conditions the rise in friction with loading time was dependent on the spatial (and time) variation in the load on the cartilage plate. For sliding distances of 4 mm or greater, when the cartilage plate was unloaded during sliding, the dynamic friction remained low whereas, with shorter sliding distances, the dynamic friction increased with increasing loading time. Static friction was higher than dynamic friction (under the same tribological conditions). The 'damaged' cartilage models produced higher friction than healthy cartilage under equivalent tribological conditions. It was shown that hyaluronic acid was an effective boundary lubricant for articular cartilage under static conditions with both healthy and damaged cartilage surfaces. Hyaluronic acid was less effective under dynamic conditions. However, these dynamic conditions had low friction values with the control lubricant because of the effectiveness of the intrinsic biphasic lubrication of the cartilage. It was only under the tribological conditions in which the cartilage friction was higher and rising with increasing loading time because of depletion of the intrinsic biphasic lubrication, that the role of hyaluronic acid as an effective therapeutic lubricant was demonstrated.     

Studies on the tribological behaviour of two oil-soluble molybdenum compounds under reciprocating sliding conditions

The use of oil-soluble organo-molybdenum compounds in engine oils can help in fuel conservation by reducing engine friction and increase durability by improving wear characteristics. The tribological behaviour of molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP) was studied with a SRV Optimal tester under reciprocating sliding conditions. The studies were conducted under nonconformal contact conditions on En-31 steel and conformal contact conditions on piston ring and liner materials. The results indicated that the frictional behaviour of these additives is shear sensitive. Shear sensitivity is influenced by materials, operating conditions and the interaction of MoDDP with additives present in the oil. MoDDP when used in base oil was found to increase the scuff resistance of ring and liner materials. The use of the additive reduced friction and wear (running in as well as normal) under nonconformal contact conditions, while under conformal contact conditions its effect was selective and limited.     

汽车差速器锥齿轮差速工况下的润滑特性研究

为了研究差速器锥齿轮摩擦和磨损机制,基于弹性流体动力润滑理论,建立直齿锥齿轮无限长时变弹性流体动力润滑模型,研究行星齿轮分别与左右半轴齿轮啮合时的润滑状况,计算差速工况行星齿轮时变效应下的油膜压力和油膜厚度;研究差速工况下左右半轴齿轮的润滑状况,分别比较左右半轴齿轮同行星齿轮啮合时的润滑特性;研究曲线行驶路段复杂变工况下行星齿轮的润滑状况。结果表明:差速工况下行星齿轮啮合周期内的膜厚变小,且行星齿轮与半轴齿轮的相对滑动加剧;行星齿轮同左右半轴齿轮啮合时的润滑特性不同,左转弯工况时,左半轴齿轮同行星齿轮啮合时的最大压力较大,右半轴齿轮同行星齿轮啮合时的最小油膜厚度较大;曲线行驶变工况下行星齿轮润滑特性也不同,左转弯工况向右转弯工况过渡时的压力减小,膜厚增大。     

Numerical study of a two-stage turbine characteristic under pulsating flow conditions

With developments of turbo-compounding and two-stage turbocharging technologies, two-stage turbine is increasingly applied in automotive engines. This paper numerically investigates the characteristic of a two-stage turbine on a turbo-compound engine under pulsating flow conditions. The behaviors of turbine stages with the swallowing capacity ratio (SR) equals to 2.0, under low, mid and high load conditions were studied. Results show that the Low pressure turbine (LPT) is more sensitive to the pulsating flow, especially at low load conditions, compared with High pressure turbine (HPT). It is caused by the dramatic change of velocity ratio in LPT. Results also show that the load split between HPT and LPT under pulsating flow conditions deviates from that at quasi-steady conditions, indicating the different behaviors of the two-stage turbine under pulsating conditions.     

R32在带闪蒸器的风冷冷热水机组中的应用研究

从理论方面分析了R32在制热尤其是低温制热方面的优势,同时指出低温制热下R32系统受到排气温度过高的限制。作者提出采用闪蒸器的方法降低排气温度,将R32和R410A分别应用在带闪蒸器的风冷冷热水机组中进行试验研究。试验结果表明,压缩机排量相当的情况下,R32机组名义工况下能力及性能系数均略有提高,且名义制热工况下提高幅度更高,R32在制热方面更有优势;环境温度越低,R32机组制热量提高幅度越大,R32在低温制热方面更有优势,而且R32的排气温度可以控制在可以接受的范围内。     

不锈钢复合板冷轧过程有限元模拟

研究了双金属复合板中不锈钢复合板的冷轧生产工艺,并用大型有限元软件ANSYS模拟了不锈钢复合板的冷轧过程。建立了包括上下辊、轧件在内的二维模型,采取适当的加载和约束条件,对不锈钢复合板的冷轧做了模拟,最后得出了不同压下条件下,轧制变形区域内应力应变分布情况。并分析出不锈钢复合板首道次的压下条件,这与冷轧带钢厂不锈钢复合板实际的生产工艺条件是一致的。     

Investigation of abrasive wear resistance and wear mechanism of composite alloys

The abrasive wear resistance of composite alloys comprising hard tungsten carbide and soft CuNiMn matrix under different wear conditions has been investigated and compared with CrMo cast iron. It was found that Yz-composite alloy with hard cast angular tungsten carbide has greater wear resistance than CrMo cast iron under two-body wear conditions, but lower resistance than Cr-Mo cast iron under three-body wear conditions. It was found that under three-body wear conditions selective wear of the matrix and digging or fragmentation of tungsten carbide particles dominate in Yz-composite alloy, and microcutting and deformed ploughing is dominant under two-body wear conditions. The abrasive wear resistance of composite alloys under two-body wear condition is independent of bulk hardness, but is closely related to the microhardness of tungsten carbide.     

Experimental study of starved EHL contacts based on thickness of oil layer in the contact inlet

Starved lubrication conditions bring the risk of the damage of machine components. The experimental simulation of starved conditions is connected with the need to define the input conditions to joint the amount of the oil entering the contact with the resulting film thickness. This paper describes the experimental approach based on the thickness of the oil layer entering the starved contact. The use of multiple contacts optical test rig based on thin film colorimetric interferometry for film thickness measurement has enabled to simulate starved conditions and to compare the obtained results with theoretical prediction. The first elliptical contact between spherical roller and the glass disc is used to supply the defined oil layer to the second contact formed between the steel ball and the glass disc. Through the comparison with the theoretical prediction it was found that acceptable input conditions for the study of starved contacts can be achieved with such test rig configuration.     

受扭圆轴弹性屈曲分析时边界条件的不一致性

受扭圆轴广泛存在于机械结构中。对于细长圆轴,当其两端受扭矩作用时将发生弹性屈曲。在两端简支条件下,文献中已有的解析解和基于能量法的数值近似解结果不吻合,原因是人们没有注意到边界条件的不一致性。笔者用有限元法进行了分析,给出了单元的线性刚度矩阵和增量刚度矩阵。分析发现:由能量变分方程所得到的应自动满足的自然边界条件———力边界条件和得到解析解的二阶平衡微分方程所应满足的力边界条件两者在简支情况下是不一致的。考虑到与解析解的力边界条件的等效性后用有限元数值分析方法得到的结果与解析解极为吻合。有限元解与解析解间的差异,有时并非单元性能的原因或计算误差造成的。