20CrMnTiH齿轮钢铸坯内部质量控制研究

针对20CrMnTiH齿轮钢质量要求,分析了连铸过程拉速、结晶器电磁搅拌电流强度以及二冷强度等关键参数对铸坯内部质量的影响。试验结果表明:拉速控制在1.2~1.4 m/min有利于中心疏松和中心偏析的控制;结晶器电磁搅拌电流强度为380 A时,铸坯中心疏松控制在1.0级以内,碳偏析指数≤1.08,等辅晶率平均达到34.9%;二冷控制模式采用弱冷更有利于减轻该钢种的铸坯中心疏松和偏析。根据研究结果生产的20CrMnTiH齿轮钢棒材低倍组织和淬透性良好。     

20CrMnTiH齿轮钢铸坯宏观碳偏析对轧材带状组织的影响

20CrMnTiH钢Φ130 mm圆钢的生产工艺流程为120 t BOF-LF-VD-300 mm×430 mm坯连铸-连轧。不同连铸工艺(过热度15～30℃,电磁搅拌0～400 A)生产的连铸坯和轧材的宏观碳偏析表明,较高的过热度和过强的结晶器电磁搅拌会加重20CrMnTiH钢连铸坯和轧材的宏观碳偏析;严重的宏观碳偏析,加剧晶枝偏析,提高钢的带状组织级别并提高退火钢材正偏析区的硬度值。     

结晶器电磁搅拌强度对齿轮钢宏观碳偏析的影响

通过对某钢厂6#连铸机生产的20CrMnTiH大方坯与圆钢横截面碳偏析的检测分析,研究了不同结晶器电磁搅拌强度对大方坯及其轧制圆钢的碳均匀性影响.结果表明,齿轮钢大方坯与圆钢从表面到中心碳含量均呈"N"形分布,随着结晶器电磁搅拌电流减小(390A到200A),偏析幅度减小;同一圆周上,搅拌电流从390A降到200A,3...     

SAE8620H齿轮钢末端淬透性控制研究

通过现场试验,研究了结晶器电磁搅拌强度对齿轮钢成分均匀性的影响。结果表明:采用合适的MEMS参数,能够改善连铸坯横截面成分偏析,控制钢的末端淬透性带宽,SAE8620H齿轮钢的圆钢横截面碳偏析指数由原来的0.92~1.08降至0.97~1.04;末端淬透性带宽由8 HRC降至5 HRC,实现了淬透性窄带化,满足了客户对齿轮钢淬透性带宽的需求。     

20CrMnTiH齿轮钢大方坯轧制圆钢宏观碳偏析控制

 湘钢用20CrMnTiH大方坯（300mm×430mm）生产轧材时出现较为严重的锭型偏析,对圆钢的性能不利。通过连铸调整工艺,适当提高比水量（由0.27L/kg提到0.35L/kg）,和降低结晶器电磁搅拌强度(由400A降到200A和0),轧材质量得到改善。对比调整前后工况,发现电磁搅拌减小时连铸坯等轴晶比例降低,无电磁搅拌时连铸坯碳偏析形式较有电磁搅拌的相差大,且其轧材没出现锭型偏析,轧材的碳偏析和硬度分布也趋向均匀。     

末端电磁搅拌技术对82B钢中心碳偏析的影响

为改善82B钢拉拔性能,降低铸坯中心碳偏析指数,在钢水过热度20～30℃,拉速1．9m／min,二冷比水量0．7L／kg,结晶器电磁搅拌4Hz、240A的条件下进行了末端电磁搅拌（F—EMS）的工艺研究。结果表明,末端电磁搅拌6Hz、160A条件下铸坯的中心碳偏析指数≤1．05。     

4130连铸圆坯质量控制研究

山东钢铁股份有限公司莱芜分公司通过控制电炉终点碳在0．12%-0．25％;LF精炼渣碱度B=3．0;VD炉真空度小于67Pa保持时间大于25min;连铸采用氩气密封水口保护浇铸;过热度控制在（20±5）℃;结晶器电磁搅拌电流I=200A、频率F=3Hz;同时采用动态二冷配水技术,成功开发的4130连铸圆坯[O]≤20ppm,[N]≤80ppm,[H]≤2ppm;低倍组织≤1．0级;锻件夹杂物A、B≤1．0级,C、D、Ds≤0．5级;锻件超声波探伤≥3级;圆坯的尺寸、外形以及碳偏析等各项指标均满足了石油套管连接件用钢技术要求。     

结晶器电磁搅拌对矩形坯轧制大规格齿轮钢圆钢碳偏析行为的影响

通过对齿轮钢矩形坯轧制大规格圆钢宏观碳偏析的分析,结合碳含量和低倍组织,研究了不同结晶器电磁搅拌强度时圆钢的碳偏析行为。结果表明,结晶器电磁搅拌扩大连铸坯柱状晶/等轴晶转换界面(CET)框尺寸,提高等轴晶率,但是产生皮下负偏析带,圆钢的偏析变得明显;结晶器电磁搅拌下,齿轮钢矩形坯与圆钢从表面到中心呈现"N"形碳偏析,搅拌强度越大,偏析幅度越大;圆钢同一圆周上,搅拌时3/4 R、1/2 R处极差大,1/4 R处极差小,不搅拌时则相反。连铸坯的CET区域与圆钢方框偏析有严格的对应性,说明连铸坯与圆钢的组织与成分存在传承关系。     

连铸工艺对齿轮钢铸坯碳偏析的影响分析

钢液在凝固过程中由于碳的不均匀分布导致了铸坯碳偏析。研究了钢水过热度与拉速、二冷比水量、电磁搅拌强度对齿轮钢铸坯碳偏析的影响。结果表明:拉速控制在1.7 m/min,过热度控制在20~35℃;结晶器电磁搅拌强度和末端电磁搅拌强度扭矩分别在32 N.cm、15 N.cm,比水量在0.6 L/kg时,连铸坯碳偏析改善比较明显。     

基于M-EMS工艺优化的齿轮钢偏析及淬透性带宽控制

为提高齿轮钢产品淬透性带宽的可控性,基于数值模拟和工业试验,对比研究了连铸结晶器电磁搅拌(M-EMS)工艺参数对齿轮钢成分均匀性及其淬透性带宽的影响规律。结果表明,随着M-EMS工作电流由100增至600 A,结晶器出口中心处钢液过热度约由0.25降至-2.65℃,铸坯皮下12 mm处碳偏析度由0.98降至0.85。在质量守恒和结晶器内过热耗散的综合作用下,齿轮钢轧材横截面上碳质量分数极差值随M-EMS工作电流的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,其中M-EMS工作电流为200 A时达到最低值,约为0.012%。与600 A/2.5 Hz工况相比,MEMS工艺参数为200 A/2.5 Hz时,齿轮钢末端淬透性带宽得到有效控制,可由之前最大的10HRC降至5HRC以内。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.