A Novel FRFT Beamformer for Rayleigh Faded Channels

A method of optimal beamforming for flat Rayleigh faded channels using the Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) is considered in this paper. It has been demonstrated through simulations that optimal beamforming with FRFT allows smaller mean-square errors in restoring signals degraded with linear time-or frequency variant distortions and Additive White Gaussian Noise. This is made possible by the additional flexibility that comes with free parameter ‘a’ of the fractional Fourier transform as oppose to the classical Fourier transform (FT). The method is especially useful in moving source problems, where Doppler Effect produces frequency shift when the source is moving, as in mobile and wireless communication where user produces the frequency shift while moving. In this paper it is shown through simulations that beamforming in fractional domain reduces BER as compared to time or frequency domain.     

宽带DOA估计的类MUSIC波束形成算法

为了提高频域波束形成的宽带波达方向估计性能,提出了类MUSIC波束形成算法(MBM,MUSIC-like Beamfomfing Method).在频域将宽带信号划分为若干窄带信号,叠加各窄带的MBM算法的空间谱后其峰值对应角度即为宽带波达方向估计结果.MBM算法的主瓣宽度在不同分析频率下基本保持不变,计算量与常规波束...     

基于联合时空图拓扑结构的多通道语音MVDR增强算法

本文研究图频域内的多通道语音增强,利用图信号处理理论（GSP）构建一种时间-空间维度的联合图拓扑结构,在此基础上设计增强算法进行多通道语音消噪。具体而言,基于输入阵列某个麦克风输入帧间语音顶点信号的时间相关关系,构造时间维度上的一种图拓扑结构;同时针对多通道含噪语音,根据各通道接收信号的空间相关关系,构造空间维度上的一种图拓扑结构。基于时间和空间二种图拓扑构成的联合图拓扑结构,采用图频域内的最小方差无失真响应（MVDR）增强算法,进行多通道语音增强。仿真实验结果表明,在平均客观语音质量评估（PESQ）得分和平均拓展短时客观可懂度（ESTOI）评价指标下,本文所提出的基于联合图拓扑结构的MVDR波束形成（JG-MVDR）方法都优于常规图MVDR波束形成（GMVDR）方法和基于复高斯混合模型的MVDR波束形成（CGMM-MVDR）方法。      

Tracking of unknown nonstationary chirp signals using unsupervisedclustering in the Wigner distribution space

This paper is concerned with the problems of (1) detecting the presence of one or more FM chirp signals embedded in noise, and (2) tracking or estimating the unknown, time-varying instantaneous frequency of each chirp component. No prior knowledge is assumed about the number of chirp signals present, the parameters of each chirp, or how the parameters change with time. A detection/estimation algorithm is proposed that uses the Wigner distribution transform to find the best piecewise cubic approximation to each chirp's phase function. The first step of the WD based algorithm consists of properly thresholding the WD of the received signal to produce contours in the time-frequency plane that approximate the instantaneous frequency of each chirp component. These contours can then be approximated as generalized lines in the (ω, t, t²) space. The number of chirp signals (or equivalently, generalized lines) present is determined using maximum likelihood segmentation. Minimum mean square estimation techniques are used to estimate the unknown phase parameters of each chirp component. The authors demonstrate that for the cases of (i) nonoverlapping linear or nonlinear FM chirp signals embedded in noise or (ii) overlapping linear FM chirp signals embedded in noise, the approach is very robust, highly reliable, and can operate efficiently in low signal-to-noise environments where it is hard for even trained operators to detect the presence of chirps while looking at the WD plots of the overall signal. For multicomponent signals, the proposed technique is able to suppress noise as well as the troublesome cross WD components that arise due to the bilinear nature of the WD     

MMSE techniques for space diversity receivers in OFDM-based wireless LANs

This paper studies the application of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) beamformer to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless local area networks. The questions here addressed are mainly the design with finite-length data and the choice of the OFDM signal domain where the beamformer is applied, either frequency or time. As OFDM signals need more samples than other modulations to stabilize the estimation of the signal statistics, how to exploit the finite-length training sequence provided for the design of equalizers becomes an important issue. The paper also shows that the usual frequency processing in OFDM is not always the best choice for the spatial beamforming, mainly for channels with a very high delay spread. Then, time processing turns out to be the best suited approach in terms of the tradeoff between performance and complexity. Additionally, novel modifications of the MMSE spatial filter are proposed to improve the raw bit-error rate performance: 1) a temporal semiblind approach that exploits the cyclic prefix and 2) windowing in the frequency domain.     

散射矩阵同时测量的一种新方法

该文提出了散射矩阵同时测量的一种新方法频域分割法。这种方法的基本原理是:发射时水平极化天线和垂直极化天线同时发射两个中心频率不同、调频斜率相同的线性调频信号,中心频率的差值等于或略大于信号带宽,接收时上述的两个天线同时接收,那么每个天线接收的回波是两个不同极化组合回波的叠加,我们利用两个回波信号频谱的差异,将之分离,从而实现散射矩阵的同时测量。这种方法避免了测量不同时以及极化开关造成的极化耦合而引起的测量误差,与散射矩阵同时测量的信号编码法相比,更容易实现高极化隔离度。     

MIMO雷达OFDM-LFM波形设计与实现

由于MIMO雷达发射相互正交的波形,因此正交波形设计是MIMO雷达实现的关键问题。针对MIMO雷达发射波形正交的特点,介绍了正交频分复用线性调频波形(OFDM-LFM)的设计原理。提出了一种正交频分线性调频波形产生的实现方案,该方案通过并行发射多路频分的线性调频信号形成OFDM-LFM波形。设计了一种由主控计算机、波形控制模块和数字中频合成模块构成的OFDM-LFM波形产生器。给出了基于AD9910数字斜坡调制方式产生单通道线性调频信号的方法和OSK功能产生多通道线性调频脉冲信号的方法,并对单通道线性调频信号线性度进行了分析。最后给出了其中两通道LFM信号频谱和一通道线性调频脉冲信号的时域波形的测试结果,验证了方案的正确性和可行性。     

一种基于chirp信号的空间域鲁棒性水印算法

选取两个chirp信号作为水印信息,嵌入到图像空间域中与该信号有相同数字特征的像素点处,使用两个嵌入位置矩阵作为算法密钥的同时,还根据chirp信号在分数傅立叶变换域呈现冲激的特征来检测水印信号。仿真实验结果表明,该数字水印算法具有良好的不可见性和安全性,算法不仅能抵抗很强的JPEG压缩、加噪、滤波等常用的信号处理操作,对旋转、平移、剪切等几何攻击也有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于拉伸处理的宽带频域接收波束形成方法

为了抑制宽带干扰信号,提出了一种基于频域的宽带接收波束形成方法。该方法针对线性调频信号,在对接收信号做拉伸处理和窄带滤波之后,进行傅立叶变换划分为许多窄带,然后对不同频带的信号按窄带方法（例如采样矩阵求逆法）接收波束形成。与传统的频域方法相比,大大降低了数据率和计算量,易于工程实现;与拉伸处理波束形成方法相比,该方法能有效抑制宽带干扰,阵列输出信号干扰噪声比高。最后计算机仿真证实了新方法的有效性。     

A two-dimensional RAKE receiver architecture with an FFT-based matched filtering

This work proposes a two-dimensional (2-D) RAKE receiver, which is a spatial-temporal matched filter implemented in the frequency domain. To form a beam pattern, we calculate the spatial frequency spectra of received signals on the antenna array using fast Fourier transform (FFT). After FFT beamforming, a bank of FFT-based matched filters is used to perform code matching. Afterward, the code-matched signals are summed up with maximal-ratio combining through a spatial-temporal channel-matched filter implemented in the frequency domain. This 2-D RAKE receiver includes a channel sounder that is used to estimate the spatial and temporal channel impulse response parameters, such as delays, directions of arrivals, and complex gains of multipath components. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to evaluate the receiver bit-error rate performance in both static channel and mobile radio channel environments. Simulation results show that the RAKE receiver performs well in both kinds of channels.     

Transmit Beamforming for MIMO Optical Wireless Communication Systems

This paper focuses on transmit beamforming for multiple-input multiple-output optical wireless communication (OWC) systems with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). OWC with IM/DD requires the transmitted signals to be nonnegative, for which existing beamforming schemes developed for radio frequency systems cannot be applied directly. We propose effective schemes for OWC over frequency flat and frequency selective channels. For frequency flat fading, the property of the beamforming vector is derived. For frequency selective fading, bit-error rate performances of the proposed scheme with zero-forcing and minimum mean-square error frequency domain equalization receivers are derived, and a suboptimal beamforming vector for frequency selective fading channels is proposed. Compared with asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based frequency domain beamforming, the proposed scheme needs much less feedback information and has a better error performance.     

一种空-频联合最优滤波的被动宽带检测方法

常规宽带能量检测在多目标、强干扰环境下输出信噪比(SNR)降低,检测性能大幅度下降。针对此问题,该文提出一种将子阵导向最小方差(STMV)宽带空域自适应波束形成与频域Eckart滤波结合的空-频联合最优滤波宽带检测方法。该方法首先通过子阵导向最小方差波束形成进行空间自适应处理,利用自适应波束形成的干扰抑制能力在空域实现最优滤波;然后通过最大似然估计实时估计信号和噪声的功率谱,构造Eckart滤波对自适应波束形成的输出分配不同权重进行加权滤波,从而实现频域信噪比最大化。所提方法通过空-频联合最优滤波,降低空域旁瓣干扰和频带内噪声的影响,使得输出信噪比最大,从而有效地改善目标宽带检测能力,提高被动声呐的宽带检测性能。仿真和试验数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

多径传播条件下宽带线性调频信号波达方向估计方法

针对信号出现多径传播情况时现有宽带信号波达方向（direction of arrival, DOA）估计方法性能下降的问题,提出了一种多径传播条件下宽带线性调频（chirp）信号波达方向估计方法,该方法将导向有效投影（steered effective projection, STEP）技术与宽带线性调频信号的时频特性相结合,对具有不同时频特性的信号分量进行分离,逐个处理,并以时频分布矩阵代替传统的协方差矩阵,从而构造有效噪声子空间,实现时域角度估计。本方法无需进行信号聚焦操作,因此理论上不受聚焦误差的影响。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。      

MIMO雷达相位编码波形设计与实现

MIMO雷达为了避免通道间的相互干扰,为了获得对多目标检测的高分辨率,因此设计具有低自相关旁瓣峰值和互相关的正交信号集对于实现MIMO雷达系统是至关重要的,正交相位编码信号就具有上述优点.针对MIMO雷达发射波形正交的特点,以二相码为例的设计原理,设计了一种由主控计算机、波形控制模块和数字中频合成模块构成的二相码波形产生器.给出了基于AD9910单频调制方式产生单通道二相码信号的方法和OSK功能产生多通道二相码信号的方法,并给出了测试结果,验证了方案的正确性和可行性.     

频分MIMO雷达波形捷变抗自卫式假目标干扰

针对频分MIMO雷达在自卫式欺骗干扰情况下,空域自适应波束形成算法无法有效抑制干扰的问题,提出了一种基于波形捷变的时域自卫式假目标干扰抑制方法.首先阐述了支援式主瓣假目标干扰抑制机理,指出其抗自卫式干扰的局限性;然后分析了波形捷变抗自卫式干扰的基本原理;最后对频分MIMO雷达在不同周期发射的正交信号波形进行了设计,使干...     

时空域联合的水下未知线谱目标检测方法

水下线谱目标被动检测中,目标辐射线谱信号的方位、频率、个数等信息通常未知,且线谱检测性能容易受到宽带干扰及背景噪声的影响。针对此问题,该文提出一种时空域联合的未知线谱目标检测方法(STJD)。首先,利用线谱信号的相干特性,构建了一种能够自主匹配未知线谱信号的时空域联合滤波器,用以滤除接收信号中的宽带背景干扰及噪声。之后,对滤波信号进行常规频域波束形成得到空时2维波束输出,其具有相对纯净的线谱谱峰。在此基础上提取线谱并利用线谱信息计算空间方位谱,进而实现对线谱目标的检测。理论推导及仿真结果表明该文方法能够对未知线谱信号进行最小均方误差意义下的时空滤波,并能充分地利用线谱信息进行线谱目标的被动检测。与已有基于线谱特征的线谱目标检测方法相比,该文方法对信噪比(SNR)的要求较低,在多目标、多线谱等复杂情况下具有较好的线谱目标检测性能。     

改进的乘积型核函数二次调频信号的参数估计

该文提出一种基于改进乘积型核函数的二次调频信号的参数估计方法。首先,对信号乘以自身的共轭反转并做相位匹配变换,通过积累后信号最大值位置得到信号的调频率估计值;然后,再补偿掉原信号的调频率,对解调频(dechirp)后的信号构造新的乘积型核函数,并变换到2维时间-时延域,沿时间和时延轴分别做相位匹配变换和傅里叶变换,在变换后的调频率变化率-频率平面通过最大值的位置即可同时得到调频率变化率和中心频率的估计值,对补偿掉相位的信号取均值并求模得到幅度值,从而实现二次调频信号的参数估计和重构。可见,该方法避免了对所有相位参数的迭代搜索,提高了运算效率。最后,对单分量和多分量二次调频信号的仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于任意阵列形式的LFM信号参数估计

基于任意阵列形式的LFM信号参数估计算法，利用分段解线调建立频域波束空间数据模型，通过Beamspace—ESPRIT算法和线性调频波束形成器算法(CBF)实现了调频斜率和初始频率的高精度估计。针对多信号交叉项的影响，提出了逐次滤波和迭代滤波的解决办法。算法对线性调频参数无模糊估计的条件进行了研究，并给出了欠采样条件下初始频率估计解模糊的方法。仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。     

Linear Chirp Signal DOA Estimation Using Sparse Time–Frequency Dictionary

This paper is concerned with the estimation of the directions-of-arrival (DOA) of multiple linear chirp signals. We construct a novel time-frequency dictionary based on the properties of chirp signals in the fractional Fourier domain, and a sparse reconstruction algorithm is proposed to achieve high performance. Then, the errors resulting from the off-grid model mismatch is considered, and the dictionary matrix is reformulated into a multiplication of a fixed matrix and a sparse matrix. Further, an iterative alternating approach is proposed to improve the accuracy of the DOA estimates. The proposed algorithm provides better estimation, anti-correlation performances and increased resolution than Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and the time–frequency MUSIC (TF-MUSIC) based on the spatial time–frequency distributions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

     

时间选择性衰落信道DS-CDMA系统的联合时空频3D-Rake

针对Rake接收结构由于快衰落导致多普勒散布，导致系统性能下降的问题，在时频Rake、时空Rake接收机设计基础上，提出一种联合时空频3D-Rake接收结构。利用自适应天线在空间形成定向波束和利用联合时频处理技术，将频域多普勒频率分集的分析方法应用到时空二维处理中，实现基于天线阵列的时空频三维信号处理。通过接收合并具有不同时延、多普勒频移和来自不同方向的信号，实现最大信噪比准则下的最优接收，提高系统分集增益，和时频Rake、时空Rake相比，其系统性能得到进一步提高，数值仿真表明，联合时空频3D-Rake比时空Rake平均信干噪比提高了3dB。