Chilean medicine immediately after the 1891 revolution

The conflict between the Chilean President Balmaceda and the parliament lead him to rule the country despotically during 8 months, until his suicide in 1891. During this lapse he persecuted and imprisoned his opponents, including several Medical School professors. Doctor David Benavente, professor of Anatomy and Balmaceda's opponent, wrote a chronicle at the Revista Médica de Chile (1897; 20:46) referring to the changes that occurred at the Medical School: "Flogged by dictatorship's winds, it barely gave sings of life during the eight months that Balmaceda dominated the country". Political passion almost annihilated for ever the first scientific teaching center of the University of Chile, posed a project at the Public Instruction Council "to create in all high schools a special class about the general principles of the Constitution". Once democratic normality was re-established, the development of Chilean Medicine was greatly impelled, sending young physicians to specialize at qualified european centers.     

Obituary: Norman R. F. Maier (1900-1977).

Norman R. F. Maier was born in a small town in Michigan on November 27, 1900. He was educated in the Michigan public schools and received his BA from the University of Michigan in 1923. After a year of graduate work at the University of Berlin (1925-1926) he completed his PhD in 1928 at the University of Michigan. Following a year of teaching, Dr. Maier was for two years a National Research Council Fellow in Zoology at the University of Chicago, where he worked with Professor K. S. Lashley. In 1931 he joined the faculty of the University of Michigan, where he worked for the rest of his life, dying of a heart attack on September 24, 1977. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Bott's "Systematic" Seminar: Some Recollections.

Continues the tribute to Edward Alexander Bott with a conversation between C. R. Myers and D. Carleton Williams, President of the University of Western Ontario. Williams relates his experiences as a student in Bott's "Systematic" Seminar during his first year as a student at the University of Toronto. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frederick A. Mote (1907-1982).

This obituary describes the career and contributions to psychology of Frederick A. Mote, PhD. Dr. Mote received his PhD from Brown University, where he returned from teaching psychology at the University of Connecticut to work on a National Defense Research Council contract until the end of World War II. In his position as senior psychophysiologist he was involved in development of new selection and classification tests for navy personnel, as well as with research on application of stereoscopic perception in design of equipment for navy operators. During these years he was also doing fundamental research on the role of reinforcement in acquisition and extinction of simple instrumental responses in animals--research which eventuated in a series of publications, some with his colleague and good friend, Frank Finger. After the war, Dr. Mote reentered academic teaching where he was promoted to professor at the University of Wisconsin in 1952 and conducted studies on determinants of dark adaptation in human vision. In 1955, Dr. Mote became chair of the Psychology Department, and served through 1959. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The challenge of quality in continuous casting processes

As in any process, the laws of nature are at work in the continuous casting of metals. Heat spills down temperature gradients under the watchful eye of Fourier, while molten metal moves in response to inertial and body forces governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. Tensile strains develop in the solidifying shell subject to changing cooling conditions, the constitutive behavior of the metal, compatibility, and the Prandtl-Reuss relations. Solutes segregate as thermodynamics compete with diffusion to create a heterogeneous solid from a homogeneous liquid. The challenge to the process engineer is to harness these laws to continuously cast a metal section that is free of cracks, has minimal macrosegregation, and has the desired shape. Confronted with the demands of production, cost containment, and an educationally challenged workforce, the obstacles are very real. One response to the challenge is to move knowledge to the shop floor, where wealth is created, through expert systems to educate the workforce and through artificial intelligence to make the continuous casting process “smart.” Harnessing knowledge for wealth creation, and profitability, is the real challenge. The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering. Dr. J. Keith Brimacombe delivered the 1996 Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture at the ASM-TMS Meeting in Cincinnati, OH. The written lecture was nearly complete at the time of his untimely passing on December 16, 1997 and has been finished and submitted by his colleague, Professor I.V. Samarasekera. On October 1, 1997, J. Keith Brimacombe was appointed the first President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canada Foundation for Innovation. This enterprise, newly established by the Federal Government of Canada, was provided with one billion dollars of funding with the objective of strengthening the nation’s research infrastructure in universities and hospitals. Sadly, Dr. Brimacombe was able to serve only 3 months of his term and succumbed to a massive heart attack on December 16, 1997, at the age of 54. Dr. Brimacombe held the Alcan Chair in Materials Process Engineering, The Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering at the University of British Columbia, prior to his appointment with the Canada Foundation for Innovation. He was born in Nova Scotia, raised in Alberta, and received his undergraduate education at UBC, obtaining a B.A.Sc. (Hons.) in 1966. With the support of a Commonwealth Fellowship, he traveled to England and studied under one of the great metallurgical thermochemists of this century, F.D. Richardson, F.R.S., at Imperial College of Science and Technology in the University of London, where he received a Ph.D. in 1970. Subsequently, he was awarded the D.Sc. (Eng.) in 1986 by the University of London and an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering degree in 1994 by the Colorado School of Mines. He returned to the University of British Columbia in 1970 to establish courses and a research program in metallurgical process engineering. He remained at UBC, achieving the rank of Professor in 1979, Stelco Professor of Process Metallurgy (a chair endowed by Stelco) in 1980, Stelco/NSERC Professor (a chair endowed by Stelco and NSERC) in 1985, and the Alcan Chair in 1992. One of the finest metallurgical engineers on the world stage in this century, Dr. Brimacombe pioneered the application of mathematical models and industrial and laboratory measurements, to shed light on complex metallurgical processes spanning both the ferrous and nonferrous industries during his 27 year career at the University of British Columbia. For his groundbreaking research, he earned the reputation of being one of the most innovative intellectual giants in the field, for which he earned global recognition. During his tenure at UBC, he built a large collaborative research group in metallurgical process engineering consisting of about 70 faculty, graduate students, research engineers, and technicians. Much of the research was conducted in close collaboration with Canadian companies such as Stelco, Hatch Associates, Algoma Steel, Western Canada Steel, Sidbec-Dosco, Ivaco, Cominco, Noranda, Inco, Alcan, Domtar, Canadian Liquid Air, and Liquid Carbonic. The thrust of the research was the development and improvement of metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting of steel, flash smelting of lead and copper converting, rotary kilns, and micro-structural engineering of steel and aluminum, and DC casting processes. This body of work led to 300 publications and nine patents as well as two books. In 1985, in cooperation with faculty colleagues, he founded the Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering at UBC and was named its Director. The purpose of the Centre is to strengthen the interdisciplinary approach to metallurgical process research and to broaden the field of application to materials other than metals. For this body of research, he was awarded the B.C. Science and Engineering Gold Medal (1985) and the Ernest C. Manning Prize (1987) and, before that, the E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship (1979) from NSERC. He also received the following awards: TMS-AIME Charles Herty Award (1973 and 1987), AMS Marcus A. Grossmann Award (1976), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Science Award (1979, 1987, and 1989), ISS John Chipman Award (1979, 1985, and 1996), TMS Champion H. Mathewson Gold Medal (1980), ISS Robert Woolston Hunt Silver Medal (1980, 1983, and 1993), ASM Henry Marion Howe Medal (1980 and 1985), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Technology Award (1983 and 1991), the Williams Prize of the Metals Society (UK) (1983), the ISS Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference Meritorious Award (1986 and 1996), the ASM Canadian Council Lectureship (1986), and the CIM Metallurgical Society Alcan Award (1988). In 1981, he delivered the Arnold Markey Lecture to the Steel Bar Mill Association. In 1987, he was made a Distinguished Member of the Iron and Steel Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1988, he became a Fellow of the CIM and, in 1989, he delivered the TMS Extractive Metallurgy Lecture while being awarded Fellowship in TMS. Also in 1989, he was awarded the Izaak Walton Killam Prize for Engineering by the Canada Council, joined the Board of Directors of Sherritt Gordon Ltd., received the Bell Canada Corporate-Higher Education Award and was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1990, he received the Meritorious Achievement Award of the Association of Professional Engineers of British Columbia and a UBC Killam Research Prize. In 1992, he was honored with the Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of Canadian Confederation and, in 1993, delivered the Howe Memorial Lecture of the Iron and Steel Society and became Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering. In 1994, he presented the D.K.C. MacDonald Memorial Lecture; and in 1995, he was the Inland Steel Lecturer at Northwestern University and received the Ablett Prize of the Institute of Materials. In 1996, he delivered the ASM Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture and, in 1997, received the AIME Distinguished Service, and he was elected a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering. In June 1997, he received Canada’s highest scientific honor, the Canada Gold Medal in Science and Engineering from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. In 1998, Dr. Brimacombe was posthumously awarded the Benjamin Fairless Award by the AIME and the Inco Medal by the CIM at their centennlal celebration. Beyond the quest to generate knowledge and train young people, he was driven by the desire to see the fruits of his research implemented in industry. Not satisfied that publications in peer-reviewed journals are an effective means of reaching out to the shop floor, where knowledge implementation creates wealth, he worked tirelessly at the University-Industry interface to make the transfer of knowledge to industry a reality. A gifted speaker, he was renowned for his ability to translate complex research results to changes that are required to the process for improved quality and/or productivity. Thus, he was sought after by the global metallurgical industry and presented over 50 courses in companies in every continent. A course on continuous casting of steel offered annually in Vancouver, under his directorship, attracted participants from around the world. He seized the opportunities provided by the revolution in computer technology to help further the transfer of knowledge, and since the early 1980s drove the development of user-friendly mathematical models as a means of transferring research results to industry. Brimacombe was also instrumental in developing “smart” systems for the transfer of knowledge and spearheaded the development of an expert system for diagnosing defects in steel billets, which is being marketed commercially. A recent project involving Canadian companies is the development of a “Smart Process,” in which knowledge is made to work in the process through the use of an on-line expert system and sensors. He gave unreservedly of his time to professional societies, which are a vehicle for knowledge transfer and professional development of materials engineers. He was the only professional who was President of the three major societies serving materials engineers in North America: TMS-CIM in Canada in 1985, TMS-AIME in 1993, and ISS-AIME in 1995. His enthusiasm for professional societies was infectious and has led to the initiation of a very dynamic student chapter at UBC. He served on the Killam Research Fellowships Committee of the Canada Council from 1982 to 1985, where he initiated the Killam Prize in Engineering and worked on other committees of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers, the Science Council of British Columbia, and the Canadian Steel Industry Research Association. He served on the Boards of the ISS and TMS in the United States. He served on numerous committees in these societies, including Joint Commission and Board of Review of Metallurgical Transactions, Book Publishing Committee, Awards Committee, Extractive Metallurgy Sub-committee, Nominating Committee, and Long Range Planning Committee. In 1989, he assumed responsibilities as Founding Chairman of the TMS Extraction and Processing Division, in 1993–4 was TMS President, and in 1994–5 was Founding President of the TMS Foundation. In 1990, he was named as an Eminent Scientist to the Board of Directors of the Ontario Centre for Materials Research. In 1995, he was Chairman of the Science Policy Committee of the Royal Society of Canada and was a member of the National Materials Advisory Board (united States). In 1996, he was elected Vice President of the Academy of Science of the Royal Society of Canada and was appointed to the Board of the United Engineering Trust. He served on the Board of Trustees of the AIME since 1993; had he lived, he would have become President of the AIME in 1999.     

The challenge of quality in continuous casting processes

As in any process, the laws of nature are at work in the continuous casting of metals. Heat spills down temperature gradients under the watchful eye of Fourier, while molten metal moves in response to inertial and body forces governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. Tensile strains develop in the solidifying shell subject to changing cooling conditions, the constitutive behavior of the metal, compatibility, and the Prandtl-Reuss relations. Solutes segregate as thermodynamics compete with diffusion to create a heterogeneous solid from a homogeneous liquid. The challenge to the process engineer is to harness these laws to continuously cast a metal section that is free of cracks, has minimal macrosegregation, and has the desired shape. Confronted with the demands of production, cost containment, and an educationally challenged workforce, the obstacles are very real. One response to the challenge is to move knowledge to the shop floor, where wealth is created, through expert systems to educate the workforce and through artificial intelligence to make the continuous casting process “smart.” Harnessing knowledge for wealth creation, and profitability, is the real challenge. The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering. Dr. J. Keith Brimacombe delivered the 1996 Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture at the ASM-TMS Meeting in Cincinnati, OH. The written lecture was nearly complete at the time of his untimely passing on December 16, 1997 and has been finished and submitted by his colleague, Professor I.V. Samarasekera. On October 1, 1997, J. Keith Brimacombe was appointed the first President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canada Foundation for Innovation. This enterprise, newly established by the Federal Government of Canada, was provided with one billion dollars of funding with the objective of strengthening the nation’s research infrastructure in universities and hospitals. Sadly, Dr. Brimacombe was able to serve only 3 months of his term and succumbed to a massive heart attack on December 16, 1997, at the age of 54. Dr. Brimacombe held the Alcan Chair in Materials Process Engineering, The Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering at the University of British Columbia, prior to his appointment with the Canada Foundation for Innovation. He was born in Nova Scotia, raised in Alberta, and received his undergraduate education at UBC, obtaining a B.A.Sc. (Hons.) in 1966. With the support of a Commonwealth Fellowship, he traveled to England and studied under one of the great metallurgical thermochemists of this century, F.D. Richardson, F.R.S., at Imperial College of Science and Technology in the University of London, where he received a Ph.D. in 1970. Subsequently, he was awarded the D.Sc. (Eng.) in 1986 by the University of London and an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering degree in 1994 by the Colorado School of Mines. He returned to the University of British Columbia in 1970 to establish courses and a research program in metallurgical process engineering. He remained at UBC, achieving the rank of Professor in 1979, Stelco Professor of Process Metallurgy (a chair endowed by Stelco) in 1980, Stelco/NSERC Professor (a chair endowed by Stelco and NSERC) in 1985, and the Alcan Chair in 1992. One of the finest metallurgical engineers on the world stage in this century, Dr. Brimacombe pioneered the application of mathematical models and industrial and laboratory measurements, to shed light on complex metallurgical processes spanning both the ferrous and nonferrous industries during his 27 year career at the University of British Columbia. For his groundbreaking research, he earned the reputation of being one of the most innovative intellectual grants in the field, for which he earned global recognition. During his tenure at UBC, he built a large collaborative research group in metallurgical process engineering consisting of about 70 faculty, graduate students, research engineers, and technicians. Much of the research was conducted in close collaboration with Canadian companies such as Stelco, Hatch Associates, Algoma Steel, Western Canada Steel, Sidbec-Dosco, Ivaco, Cominco. Noranda, Inco, Alcan, Domtar, Canadian Liquid Air, and Liquid Carbonic. The thrust of the research was the development and improvement of metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting of steel, flash smelting of lead and copper converting, rotary kilns, and microstructural engineering of steel and aluminum, and DC casting processes. This body of work led to 300 publications and nine patents as well as two books. In 1985, in cooperation with faculty colleagues, he founded the Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering at UBC and was named its Director. The purpose of the Centre is to strengthen the interdisciplinary approach to metallurgical process research and to broaden the field of application to materials other than metals. For this body of research, he was awarded the B.C. Science and Engineering Gold Medal (1985) and the Ernest C. Manning Prize (1987) and, before that, the E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship (1979) from NSERC. He also received the following awards: TMS-AIME Charles Herty Award (1973 and 1987). AMS Marcus A. Grossmann Award (1976), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Science Award (1979, 1987, and 1989), ISS John Chipman Award (1979, 1985, and 1996), TMS Champion H. Mathewson Gold Medal (1980), ISS Robert Woolston Hunt Silver Medal (1980, 1983, and 1993), ASM Henry Marion Howe Medal (1980 and 1985), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Technology Award (1983 and 1991), the Williams Prize of the Metals Society (UK) (1983), the ISS Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference Meritorious Award (1986 and 1996), the ASM Canadian Council Lectureship (1986), and the CIM Metallurgical Society Alcan Award (1988). In 1981, he delivered the Arnold Markey Lecture to the Steel Bar Mill Association. In 1987, he was made a Distinguished Member of the Iron and Steel Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1988, he became a Fellow of the CIM and, in 1989, he delivered the TMS Extractive Metallurgy Lecture while being awarded Fellowship in TMS. Also in 1989, he was awarded the Izaak Walton Killam Prize for Engineering by the Canada Council, joined the Board of Directors of Sherritt Gordon Ltd., received the Bell Canada Corporate Higher Education Award and was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1990, he received the Meritorious Achievement Award of the Association of Professional Engineers of British Columbia and a UBC Killam Research Prize. In 1992, he was honored with the Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of Canadian Confederation and, in 1993, delivered the Howe Memorial Lecture of the Iron and Steel Society and became Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering. In 1994, he presented the D.K.C. MacDonald Memorial Lecture; and in 1995, he was the Inland Steel Lecturer at Northwestern University and received the Ablett Prize of the Institute of Materials. In 1996, he delivered the ASM Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture and, in 1997, received the AIME Distinguished Service, and he was elected a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering. In June 1997, he received Canada’s highest scientific honor, the Canada Gold Medal in Science and Engineering from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. In 1998, Dr. Brimacombe was posthumously awarded the Benjamin Fairless Award by the AIME and the Inco Medal by the CIM at their centennial celebration. Beyond the quest to generate knowledge and train young people, he was driven by the desire to see the fruits of his research implemented in industry. Not satisfied that publications in peer-reviewed journals are an effective means of reaching out to the shop floor, where knowledge implementation creates wealth, he worked tirelessly at the University-Industry interface to make the transfer of knowledge to industry a reality. A gifted speaker, he was renowned for his ability to translate complex research results to changes that are required to the process for improved quality and or productivity. Thus, he was sought after by the global metallurgical industry and presented over 50 courses in companies in every continent. A course on continuous casting of steel offered annually in Vancouver, under his directorship, attracted participants from around the world. He seized the opportunities provided by the revolution in computer technology to help further the transfer of knowledge, and since the early 1980s drove the development of user-friendly mathematical models as a means of transferring research results to industry. Brimacombe was also instrumental in developing “smart” systems for the transfer of knowledge and spearheaded the development of an expert system for diagnosing defects in steel billets, which is being marketed commercially. A recent project involving Canadian companies is the development of a “Smart Process,” in which knowledge is made to work in the process through the use of an on-line expert system and sensors. He gave unreservedly of his time to professional societies, which are a vehicle for knowledge transfer and professional development of materials engineers. He was the only professional who was President of the three major societies serving materials engineers in North America: TMS-CIM in Canada in 1985, TMS-AIME in 1993, and ISS-AIME in 1995. His enthusiasm for professional societies was infectious and has led to the initiation of a very dynamic student chapter at UBC. He served on the Killam Research Fellowships Committee of the Canada Council from 1982 to 1985, where he initiated the Killam Prize in Engineering and worked on other committees of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers, the Science Council of British Columbia, and the Canadian Steel Industry Research Association. He served on the Boards of the ISS and TMS in the United States. He served on numerous committees in these societies, including Joint Commission and Board of Review of Metallurgical Transactions, Book Publishing Committee, Awards Committee, Extractive Metallurgy Sub-committee, Nominating Committee, and Long Range Planning Committee. In 1989, he assumed responsibilities as Founding Chairman of the TMS Extraction and Processing Division, in 1993–4 was TMS President, and in 1994–5 was Founding President of the TMS Foundation. In 1990, he was named as an Eminent Scientist to the Board of Directors of the Ontario Centre for Materials Research. In 1995, he was Chairman of the Science Policy Committee of the Royal Society of Canada and was a member of the National Materials Advisory Board (United States). In 1996, he was elected Vice President of the Academy of Science of the Royal Society of Canada and was appointed to the Board of the United Engineering Trust. He served on the Board of Trustees of the AIME since 1993; had he lived, he would have become President of the AIME in 1999.     

Wolfgang Georg Bringmann (1933–2009).

Wolfgang Georg Bringmann, who was well known for his numerous contributions to the history of psychology, died in Austin, Texas, on June 7, 2009, six days prior to his 76th birthday. Wolfgang was born in Darmstadt, Germany, on June 13, 1933. Wolfgang’s research interests in the history of psychology flowed naturally from his background and fluency with the German language. He worked with many colleagues from both Europe and North America to provide insights into the lives and achievements of some of the most famous early psychologists— especially Wundt, Fechner, and Hall. Wolfgang taught at the university level for 35 years, holding positions in the University of Alabama system, the University of Mississippi, the University of Windsor (Windsor, Ontario, Canada), and finally, the University of South Alabama, from which he retired as professor of psychology in 1997. In addition to his many years of teaching and research activities, Wolfgang also served as a consulting clinical psychologist. During his retirement, he continued to present at professional meetings. To those of us who worked with him, Wolfgang was a generous, supportive, and caring colleague. He will be greatly missed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Awards for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest 1986: John Janeway Conger.

John Janeway Conger, one of the 1986 recipients of the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest, is recognized for "his remarkable contributions to the public interest during the course of his unique career as a researcher, teacher, administrator and policymaker in psychology. A foremost expert in the areas of childhood and adolescence, he is author of two exemplary texts. He contributed extensive research and policy consultation to the field of highway safety. He has made his expertise in human development and mental health available in influential positions, most notably as member of President Carter's Commission on Mental Health and as the first consultant on Mental Health (later, Vice President) to the MacArthur Foundation. His presidency of the APA focused on public interest issues of particular concern to children and youth. The same sterling qualities of competence and responsibility led to his long tenure as Vice President of Medical Affairs and Dean at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, a leadership role to which he was recently recalled as Acting Chancellor. In all of these roles, he has represented psychology at its best with wisdom, grace, unusual effectiveness and dedication." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Eugene E. Levitt (1921–1995).

Memorializes Eugene E. Levitt, a Diplomate in Clinical Psychology and a Diplomate in Experimental Hypnosis. He established one of the country's first American Psychological Association-approved internship programs at the Indiana University Medical Center in 1957. Among his important contributions were the following: his production of the often cited earliest overview of the effectiveness of psychotherapy with children, his conduct of the survey of Division 12 members from which the Beck system of Rorschach scoring and analysis was developed, his development and use of many MMPI special scales, and his series of studies of the effects of various incentives on volunteering for hypnosis experiments. He was President of the Indiana Psychological Association (IPA) in 1966–67 and IPA representative to the APA Council in 1967–68, 1981–84, and 1990–93. He was a fellow of the APA, the Society for Personality Assessment, the American Academy of Sexologists, and the International Council of Sex Education and Parenthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituary: Joseph Tiffin (1905–1989).

Presents an obituary for Joseph Tiffin. Joseph Harold Tiffin (he didn't like the "Harold" and never used the "H") was born in Falls City, Nebraska, on July 4, 1905, grew up in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and received his bachelor's degree (Phi Beta Kappa) from the University of South Dakota in 1927. As a newlywed, he entered graduate school at the University of Iowa where he was an Eastman Fellow, received both his master's and PhD (1930) degrees under Carl Seashore, and was a fellow of the National Research Council before becoming a member of the University of Iowa psychology faculty in 1931. As Seashore's student and colleague he developed an intense interest in psychophysics and sensory/motor phenomena. (He was the first to photograph the human vocal chords in action.) In the early stages of as-yet-undiagnosed Parkinson's disease, he retired as Professor Emeritus of Industrial Psychology at Purdue University in 1971. Joe and his wife, Mary Edith Straight, moved to Madison, Wisconsin, to be near their daughter and her family. Mary Edith died in 1985, following which Joe was moved to a nursing home. He died March 1, 1989. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Robert Ward Leeper (1904-1986).

Robert Ward Leeper grew up near Braddock, Pennsylvania, a steel town where most of his classmates and friends were from the families of recent immigrants from many European countries. From childhood on, Leeper assumed that he was to contribute to the world's welfare. He chose his graduate school as carefully as he had chosen work experiences and entered Clark University in 1927. He received his MA degree in 1928 and his PhD in 1930. In 1930, at the depth of the Great Depression, Leeper was successful in finding a position at the University of Arkansas, where he spent the next three years. In 1933- 1934 he worked with Karl Lashley in Chicago on a National Research Council fellowship. In 1937, Leeper settled down at the University of Oregon, where he was to remain for the rest of his life. His contributions to psychology included ideas that were precursors of the cognitive learning theories that prevail today and a continuing attack on the concept of emotion as disorganized behavior. In addition, Leeper served as president of the Oregon Psychological Association, the Western Psychological Association, Division 1 of the American Psychological Association, and as a member of various committees and boards. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theodore M. Newcomb (1903–1984).

Presents an obituary for Theodore M. Newcomb. Newcomb died on December 28, 1984, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, his home base for 40 years. Born in Ohio in 1903, he graduated from Oberlin College and received his doctorate at Columbia University where he worked with Goodwin Watson and Gardner Murphy. In addition to his years at the University of Michigan, his teaching career included posts at Lehigh, Western Reserve, and Bennington. Newcomb was a major pioneer figure in social psychology and a principal force in the development of the social sciences at the University of Michigan. His death has left the field and the community poorer in intellectual and human quality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituary: William A. Owens (1914-2005).

Presents an obituary for William A. Owens (1914-2005). Bill received his bachelor's degree in mathematics at Winona State University in 1935. He started his graduate studies at the University of Chicago but switched to the University of Minnesota early on. Under the guidance of Paterson, he received his doctorate in differential psychology in 1940, with minors in statistics and counseling. Bill then took a position in the psychology department at Iowa State University in 1940, but he left to enlist in the U.S. Navy after Pearl Harbor was attacked. When the war ended, Bill returned to Iowa State University, where he rose to full professor and head of the psychology department. After 13 years at Iowa State University, he went to Purdue University and, in 1968, moved to the University of Georgia to start a program in measurement and human differences. He subsequently became director of the Institute for Behavioral Research and split his time between teaching, research, and administration. Bill took the post of acting provost in 1976-1977 and helped reorganize the higher levels of administration at the University of Georgia. During his teaching career, he supervised over 100 theses and dissertations. He retired in 1984 at age 70. Bill consulted extensively, frequently with the firm of Richardson, Bellows, and Henry. He published over 80 articles, books, and chapters, as well as seven tests, during his outstanding research career. Bill's most prominent work was on biodata, much of it supported over an 18-year period by the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Park Olof Davidson: 1937-1980.

The distinguished career of Park Davidson came to a tragic end when he and his wife, Sheena, were killed in an automobile accident on December 21, 1980. The impact of this shattering event is not yet fully comprehended by the community of psychologists in Canada, but we know how sorely his friendship, inspiration, and guidance will be missed. Park had served as Editor of the Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science since 1974. Park enjoyed many other distinctions as a professional psychologist, academician, and research scientist. He served a distinguished term as President of the Canadian Psychological Association. Still a young man, he had already been President of the Psychological Association of Alberta and Chairman of the Advisory Council of Provincial Associations of Psychology, in addition to providing wise counsel for many other professional organizations, government agencies, community organizations, and universities. As well as being editor of several of these volumes, Park was a vigorous research scientist whose interests and publications ranged through stress management, pain, alcoholism, parent-infant interaction, and programme evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituary: Philip Brickman (1943-1982).

Presents an obituary for Philip Brickman, whose distinguished career in social psychology focused on issues such as justice, happiness, pain, inequality, helping, and coping. From 1968 to 1978, he was a faculty member in the psychology department at Northwestern University. In 1979, he went to the University of Michigan, where he joined the faculty as professor in the Psychology Department and director of the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the Institute for Social Research. By the time of his death, Brickman had published over 50 articles and book chapters, many of them very well known and widely cited. In addition to his published work, he enriched the field through his participation in several professional societies. He had served on the Council of APA's Division 9 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues; SPSSI) and on the Executive Committee of Division 8 (Personality and Social Psychology), where he provided valuable leadership during the crisis in research funding that occurred during the early years of the first Reagan administration. Brickman passed away in 1982. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

W. Grant Dahlstrom (1922-2006).

Presents an obituary for William Grant Dahlstrom, who died at the age of 83. After teaching at the University of Minnesota, Ohio Wesleyan University, and the University of Iowa, Dahlstrom joined the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1953, initially in the Psychiatry Department. In 1957, he moved to the Psychology Department, where he remained active until his retirement in 1993. Dahlstrom's professional work focused on the assessment of personality, and he was acknowledged as the world's leading authority on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). With his emphasis on individual differences and respect for all persons, Dahlstrom devoted significant energy to trying to understand the role of ethnicity in individual functioning and personality assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dalmas A. Taylor: 1933–1998.

Presents an obituary for Dalmas A. Taylor, who passed away in his sleep on January 26, 1998. Dalmas was a natural leader, a wise and accomplished politician and administrator, and a mentor and teacher. The prelude to his academic career came from his formal education at Case Western Reserve University (BA), Howard University (MA), and the University of Delaware (PhD). Dalmas was elected president of the Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues (Division 45 of APA) in 1991 and served two terms when the president-elect passed away before she could assume her position. His fellow deans also elected him to the presidency of the Council of Colleges of Arts and Sciences in 1991. When he was elected president of Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues in 1996, it was a punctuation mark for a life of leadership, scholarship, and advocacy. His devilish, twinkling eyes, his indomitable spirit, his deep commitment to justice and fairness, and his intense desire for effective action will all be missed. In addition to his daughter Monique, he is survived by his wife, Faye; two other daughters, Carla Monardes and Courtney Taylor; his father, Robert Taylor, Sr.; three brothers; three sisters; and a grandson. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Harold Basowitz (1921–2000).

Memorializes Harold Basowitz, who was known for his competence in administration, teaching, clinical work, and research. Basowitz held a position as a research clinical psychologist at the Institute for Psychiatric Research and Training at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago where he managed a research project leading to the publication of the book Anxiety and Stress in 1954. At the National Institute of Mental Health Training Branch, he administered grants for graduate training in clinical psychology. Later, at New York University, he served as professor in the clinical psychology program. During the last 15 yrs of his life, he maintained an academic affiliation with Duke University. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Phase diagram calculations in teaching, research, and industry

I have a long-standing interest in alloy thermodynamics/phase diagrams and in utilizing the principles of this subject for materials research and engineering applications. At the same time, I also have a long association with ASM International as a member and a former Trustee of the Society. The Society’s initiative in promoting critical assessments of phase diagrams beginning in the late 1970s rekindled this field and stimulated further research, particularly in phase diagram calculations. Significant advancements have been made in phase diagram calculations using the Calphad approach since the late 1980s due primarily to the availability of inexpensive computers and robust software. In this article, I first present the use of computational thermodynamics including phase diagram calculation in teaching, next the use of calculated phase diagrams, particularly for multicomponent systems, for materials research/development, and manufacturing, and last describe some current research in advancing this methodology when the phases involve ordering with decreasing temperature. He received his BS from the University of California-Berkeley and his MS from the University of Washington-Seattle, both in Chemical Engineering, and his Ph.D. in Metallurgy from the University of California-Berkeley. After spending 4 years in industry, he joined the faculty of the College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, as Associate Professor in 1967 and was promoted to Professor in 1970. He served as the Chair of the Materials Department from 1971 to 1977 and then as the Associate Dean for Research in the Graduate School from 1978–1980. In 1980, he joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, in the Fall of 1980 as Professor, served as the Chair of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering from 1982 to 1991, and was named Wisconsin Distinguished Professor in 1988. He delivered the Edward DeMille Campbell Lecture at the Annual ASM International (ASM) Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, on October 14, 2003. Professor Chang has a strong interest in research, teaching, and education. He is a Member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Foreign Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Fellow of ASM and the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS). He has focused his research on thermodynamic modeling/phase diagram calculation and in applying thermodynamics and kinetics to extraction/refining in his earlier career and then structural, electronic, and magnetic materials in bulk form as well as at the nanoscale. Among his recognitions are the Wisconsin Idea Fellow Award (UW System, 2004), a highly cited materials scientist covering the period 1981–1999 (ISHighlyCited, 2003), John Bardeen Award (TMS, 2000), Albert Sauveur Achievement Award (ASM, 1996). Champion H. Mathewson Medal (TMS, 1996), Extraction and Processing Lecturer Award (TMS, 1993), William Hume-Rothery Award (TMS, 1989), Belton Lecturer Award (CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 2000), Winchell Lecturer Award (Purdue University, 1999), Best Paper Award with Dr. W.-M. Huang (Alloy Phase Diagram International Commission or APDIC, 1999), Honorary Professorship (Northeast University, Shenyang, 1998-, Southeast University, Nanjing, 1997-, Central South University of Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 1996-, and University of Science and Technology Beijing, 1995-, all in the People’s Republic of China), Summer Faculty (Quantum Structure Research Initiative, Hewlett-Packard Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, 1999). Honorary Chair Professor (National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China, 2002–2005), Visiting Professorship (MIT, 1991 and Tohoku University, Sendai, 1987), Honorary Life Membership of Alpha Sigma Mu (1985), and Byron Bird Award (University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1978). He also received recognitions in teaching and education: an Outstanding Instructor Award (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1972), Educator Award (TMS, 1990), and Albert Easton White Distinguished Teacher Award (ASM, 1994). He served as a Trustee of ASM (1981–1984), as the 2000 President of TMS, and as the National President of Alpha Sigma Mu (1984).     

Gordon F. Derner (1915–1983).

Presents an obituary for Gordon F. Derner. The early part of Derner's life included several bouts with tuberculosis and a stint as a ringmaster in traveling circuses. His professional life included positions at Columbia University, and later Adelphi College, where he formed a clinical training program, and eventually became the Dean of the Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies at Adelphi University. The program at Adelphi was the forerunner of professional education in psychology. This contribution was recognized when he was elected the founding president of the National Council of Schools of Professional Psychology. He also served as a Field Selection Officer for the Peace Corps, and consulted with the Japanese government about the possibility of establishing a Japanese version of the Peace Corps. Derner died in 1983, and Adelphi University recognized his leadership by renaming the school he founded the Gordon F. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)