基于脉冲关联的雷达信号重频分选算法

在重频直方图分析方法基础上，根据时差脉冲对之间的相关性，提出并分析了一种新的雷达脉冲重频分选算法。该算法在统计脉冲时差直方图的同时记录脉冲序号信息，改进了传统重频直方图只能用作重频分选前的辅助分析方法的缺点。与传统的重频分选方法相比，本文提出的方法实现简单、分选效率高、可靠性好，能够适应复杂信号环境和复杂重频体制雷达脉冲的分选要求。通过计算机仿真验证了该算法的性能。     

110kHz高重频多注速调管发射机

通过某110 kHz高功率多注速调管发射机的研制介绍了高重频发射机的设计要点,重点介绍了一种采用IGBT开关管串联组成的高重频高压固态浮动板调制器的设计,对调制器的电路组成和为实现高重频所采取的关键技术进行了简要的介绍,对发射机的主要组成、高压电源和撬棒保护电路等也进行了简要的介绍。试验结果表明,采用固态开关串联完全可取代传统的真空管开关,在高重频的大功率雷达发射机中稳定可靠工作。     

A 750 Mb/s, 12 pJ/b, 6-to-10 GHz CMOS IR-UWB Transmitter With Embedded On-Chip Antenna

This paper presents a novel impulse radio based ultra-wideband transmitter. The transmitter is designed in 0.18 mum CMOS process realizing extremely low complexity and low power. It exploits the 6-to-10 GHz band to generate short duration bi-phase modulated UWB pulses with a center frequency of 8 GHz. No additional RF filtering circuits are required since the pulse generator circuit itself has the functionality of pulse shaping. Generated pulses comply with the FCC spectral emission mask. Measured results show that the transmitter consumes 12 pJ/b to achieve a maximum pulse repetition rate of 750 Mb/s. An optional embedded on-chip antenna and a power amplifier operating in 6-10 GHz band are also designed and investigated as a future low cost solution for very short distance IR-UWB communications.     

一种基于梳状滤波器原理的重频跟踪方法

面对现代电子战复杂的电磁环境以及不断涌现的新体制雷达,如何快速建立重频跟踪成为一个紧迫问题。利用雷达脉冲的相参性,提出了一种基于梳状滤波器原理的快速跟踪算法,利用重频信息产生梳状预测波门,对缓存的脉冲作同时匹配,解决了丢脉冲情况下的跟踪建立问题。为了将算法效能最优化,提出了一种双数字信号处理（DSP）＋现场可编程门阵列（FPGA ）的并行数据流硬件解决方案。实验结果表明该方法能极大地提高重频跟踪的成功率和降低虚警率。     

A fully integrated low power PAM multi-channel UWB transmitter

A new transmitter for ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio is described in this paper. The new UWB transmitter implements a low power Gaussian shaping filter to reduce the side-lobe in the frequency domain. A simple pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) circuit is used to keep the power consumption low. The proposed architecture features the simple design, low-power operation, and enables the pulse-shape generation for a multi-channel UWB. The core layout size is only 0.2 mm². The simulation results show that the generated signals satisfy the FCC spectrum mask, and the average power consumption is <1.97 mW for the 1.8 V supply voltage. Pulses are transmitted at a PRF (pulse repetition frequency) of 40.5 MHz in 500 MHz bandwidth channels equally spaced within the 3.1–10.6 GHz UWB. This transmitter is designed and fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process.     

A UWB-IR Transmitter With Digitally Controlled Pulse Generator

A novel transmitter for ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio has been developed. The proposed architecture enables low-power operation, simple design, and accurate pulse-shape generation. The phase and amplitude of the pulse are controlled separately and digitally to generate a desired pulse shape. This digital control method also contributes to the low-power transmission and eliminates the need for a filter. The transmitter is fabricated using a 0.18-mum CMOS process. The core chip size is only 0.40 mm². From experimental measurements, it was found that the generated signal satisfied the FCC spectrum mask, and the average power dissipation was only 29.7 mW at A 2.2-V supply voltage. Therefore, the developed UWB transmitter generates accurate pulses with low power consumption and simple design architecture     

Medium PRF for the AN/APG-66 radar

This paper discusses the medium pulse repetition frequency (PRF) pulse doppler mode of the AN/APG-66, the multimode fire control radar for the F-16A/B aircraft. This radar is currently in production and as of January 1984 over 1700 have been delivered. Included is a discussion of the three PRF types: high, low, and medium PRF, leading to the conclusion that for an airborne, look-down application the medium PRF waveform is the best choice. System tradeoffs between a high peak power and a low peak power transmitter are discussed which show that when only a medium PRF waveform is required, the high peak power transmitter yields better performance. Some system design considerations concerning the PRF selection and sidelobe clutter are also included. Finally, the radar mechanization is presented. The AN/APG-66 radar in general, and its medium PRF mode in particular, have undergone extensive operational evaluation and the results have been excellent. The radar has met or exceeded its performance design specifications and the field reliability has been outstanding. For example, for the year 1983 the MTBF was 102.9 h based on 64 204 operating hours from two operational air bases.     

高重频可调小型高功率半导体激光电源研究

为了获得高功率、高重频半导体激光脉冲,设计了一种体积小、重量轻、造价低的纳米级大功率半导体激光器驱动电源。采用改进的单稳态触发器产生窄脉冲,经放大后驱动快速开关MOSFET获得大电流窄脉冲;电源脉冲电流驱动能力0A～80A,脉冲上升时间2.8ns,下降时间3.8ns,脉冲宽度5ns～500ns范围内可调,最小5.2ns,重复频率可达200kHz。用该电源实验测试了激光波长为905nm的半导体激光器,在重复频率为10kHz时,激光脉冲峰值功率达到70W以上。结果表明,采用窄脉冲驱动MOSFET可以得到高重复频率10ns以内的大电流窄脉冲,可以驱动大功率半导体激光器,若驱动100A以上的激光器需进一步研究。     

百kHz重复频率卫星激光测距

对卫星激光测距(Satellite Laser Ranging, SLR)回波数与重复频率、脉冲能量及功率关系进行分析,表明单位时间内相同激光回波数,重复频率越高所需激光脉冲能量和平均功率越低;同时对SLR单次测量精度及标准点数据精度进行分析,表明标准点时长内测距点数越多,SLR标准点精度越高。提出点火脉冲群与门控脉冲群收发交替的工作模式,解决超高重复频率后向散射光噪声对激光回波干扰问题。开发多缓冲区存储模式,使测量软件数据实时处理与储存效率提升4~6倍。基于中国科学院上海天文台60 cm口径SLR系统,以快速事件计时器、脉冲群生成器、低噪声单光子探测器等,采用脉冲间隔5 μs、单脉冲能量80 μJ的皮秒激光,收发交替脉冲群模式下实现100 kHz重复频率低轨至高轨卫星的SLR测量,近地星Hy2b标准点精度达到28.55 μm,远地星Galileo218标准点精度达到136.51 μm,为发展更高重频和高精度空间目标激光测距提供了有效方法。     

On the estimation of interleaved pulse train phases

Some signals are transmitted as periodic pulse trains where information is in the timing of the arrival of the pulses. A number of pulse trains arriving over the same time interval are said to be interleaved. We propose an on-line method for estimating pulse train phases and fine-tuning pulse repetition frequency (PRF) estimates of a known number of interleaved pulse trains. The computational effort is of order N, where N is the number of pulses received. In particular, we employ an extended Kalman filter, where discontinuities in the signal model are appropriately smoothed.     

Understanding and modeling of internal transient latch-up susceptibility in CMOS inverters due to microwave pulses

This paper analyzes the dependencies of the latch-up sensitivity of the CMOS inverter on the pulse width and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the microwave pulse. Two physics-based models are presented to investigate the microwave pulse triggered latch-up effect and allow IC designers to identify the worst-case testing condition with the combination of the pulse width and the PRF. In model derivation, the continuity equation for electrons is solved with different boundary conditions for the excitation of a single shot microwave pulse and the repetitive microwave pulses, respectively. Device simulation and experimental data reported in literature have been used to verify the validity of these two analytical models. The theoretical model for the effects of pulse width shows that the latch-up sensitivity is an increasing function of the pulse width on a shorter time scale. If the pulse width increases steadily, the latch-up sensitivity becomes independent of the pulse width on a time scale of hundreds of nanoseconds. On the other hand, the theoretical model for the effects of PRF indicates that the latch-up sensitivity is also an increasing function of the PRF and the number of pulses, only if the PRF is far greater than the reciprocal of the minority carrier lifetime. Otherwise, the latch-up sensitivity is insensitive to the PRF or the number of pulses.     

A comparison of system performance using two different chip pulsesin multiple-chip-rate DS/CDMA systems

This paper describes a comparison of system performance using two different chip waveforms of spreading sequences in multiple-chip-rate (MCR) direct-sequence (DS)/code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The chip pulses used in this study are closely related to the characteristics of output filter employed at transmitter. In general, the chip waveform is an important factor to determine the link performance. The raised cosine chip pulse with a roll-off factor of α will be adopted for IMT-2000 systems in order to reduce both the intersymbol effect and the spectral width of the modulated signal. However, due to the complexity of obtaining quantitative results on the performance of MCR-DS/CDMA systems, rectangular chip pulses are mainly utilized in performance analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the chip pulses used, i.e., a rectangular and a raised cosine chip pulses on system performance in order to evaluate MCR-DS/CDMA systems accurately. Thus, the effect of the chip pulses used on the performance in MCR-DS/CDMA systems is investigated in terms of the system capacity and blocking probability. It is shown that the system using a raised cosine chip pulse (i.e., RC system) supports at least 80% more capacity and 57% more traffic than that using a rectangular chip pulse (i.e., R system)     

An all solid-state modulator for the ARSR-3 transmitter

This paper describes an all solid-state, high-power pulse modulator used in the ARSR-3 system (an FAA air route surveillance radar system). The modulator, the culmination of a number of years of both device and circuit development, uses fast switching Reverse Blocking Diode Thyristors (RBDT's) to directly switch 14-MW, 3-µs video pulses at high current without the use of magnetic switching aids. The modulator consists of five identical PFN modules, a trigger amplifier, and a pulse transformer which matches the modulator output to the beam characteristics of a klystron. Each module contains its own PFN, discharge RBDT switch assembly, and associated circuitry. This modulator is the first production equipment to use the new Westinghouse T62R RBDT devices. The devices switch 2200-A pulses with a turn-on rate of rise of up to 3000 A/µs.     

Triple pulse doppler radar†

A new type of pulse doppler radar has been described, which depends on three pulses transmitted in sequence at three different mutually coherent frequencies. The cancellation of stationary targets and signal processing for extraction of moving targets is by mutual comparison of the echo pulses. The system has no blind speeds for all practical situations and is thus suitable for very high speed targets without resorting to.PRF stagger or wobbulation.     

3–5 GHz FSK-OOK ultra wideband transmitter based on memristive ring oscillator

The compatibility of a memristor with CMOS technology has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore its application further. In this work, an ultra low-power and low-complexity ultra wideband (UWB) chirp transmitter based on memristive ring oscillator (RO) is designed in 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology. The Chirp waveform was chosen because of its low side-lobes and large time-bandwidth product, which allows for more spectrum use. OOK and FSK modulation are supported by the proposed UWB chirp transmitter. The chirp frequency is controlled linearly with time across the pulse duration using memristors. The binary data "1" and "0" are encoded using distinct chirp frequencies in FSK TX. The simulation results show a maximum TX output pulse of 457 mV _Vpp with a pulse width of 21 ns. The overall DC power consumption for a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 20 MHz is 0.328 mW, equivalent to an energy consumption of 16.4 pJ/pulse. The simulated output amplitude for OOK TX is 453 mV Vpp with a pulse width of 48 ns and a PSD of ? 10 dB over a frequency range of 3.2 to 4.8 GHz. The overall power consumption at 10 MHz PRF is 0.136 mW, which corresponds to an energy consumption of 13.6 pJ/pulse.

     

Ultra-wide-band transmitter for low-power wireless body area networks: design and evaluation

The successful realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN) requires innovative solutions to meet the energy consumption budget of the autonomous sensor nodes. The radio interface is a major challenge, since its power consumption must be reduced below 100 /spl mu/W (energy scavenging limit). The emerging ultra-wide-band (UWB) technology shows strong advantages in reaching this target. First, most of the complexity of an UWB system is in the receiver, which is a perfect scenario in the WBAN context. Second, the very little hardware complexity of a UWB transmitter offers the potential for low-cost and highly integrated solutions. Finally, in a pulse-based UWB scheme, the transmitter can be duty-cycled at the pulse rate, thereby reducing the baseline power consumption. We present a low-power UWB transmitter that can be fully integrated in standard CMOS technology. Measured performances of a fully integrated pulse generator are provided, showing the potential of UWB for low power and low cost implementations. Finally, using a WBAN channel model, we present a comparison between our UWB solution and state-of-the-art low-power narrow-band implementations. This paper shows that UWB performs better in the short range due to a reduced baseline power consumption.     

纳秒整形激光脉冲波形的高对比度诊断

激光脉冲波形的精密诊断是大型激光装置运行控制和精密物理实验的前提,而动态范围的大小是衡量诊断系统的关键指标之一。为了满足高功率激光装置对纳秒级整形激光脉冲对比度控制及精密诊断的需求,采用双探测器与数字示波器四通道分组并行取样的诊断方法,通过将整形激光脉冲分解为不同的幅值区域并送入示波器的不同输入通道,每个通道采用不同的垂直灵敏度档位进行探测,最后利用共同的时基完成波形的对接重构。研究结果表明,采用的方法可以实现2 500:1的动态范围,在偏差为2%的测量精度内,可以实现对比度高达100:1的多台阶整形脉冲的全波形测量。     

一种多用途的全固态发射机

介绍了新研制成功的宽频带线性高功率全固态发射机，该发射机既可以连续波方式工作也可以脉冲方式工作。在脉冲方式工作时，其脉冲宽度和工作比都任意可变，灵活组合。发射机输出连续波线性总功率高达10kW以上，若在无线性要求条件下使用，输出功率可以进一步提高。     

Photoconductive impulse generation and radiation

The generation of extremely narrow, high peak power pulses using an optically activated impulse generator is described. Radiative measurements at 1 Hz PRF have been conducted at pulse bias levels up to 15 kV, using an optical pulse from a Nd:YAG laser to trigger the device. The measured pulse from a wideband antenna has a pulsewidth of 1.5 ns with a risetime of 900 ps. The frequency spectrum of this radiated waveform ranged from 50 MHz to 1 GHz     

Limitations on peak pulse power, pulse width, and coding maskmisalignment in a fiber-optic code-division multiple-access system

The authors analyze the effects of fiber dispersion and optical nonlinearity on a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications system. They assume that each transmitter has a unique phase-encoding mask to scramble the pulses, and that the intended receiver has the complementary phase-decoding mask to unscramble the pulses. The necessary nonlinear pulse propagation equation is derived using a new and systematic approach. The authors then determine the minimum allowable pulse width and the maximum pulse width for the system. They next calculate the maximum optical power, which is limited by the fiber's self-phase modulation. This power is significantly larger than the minimum detectable optical power determined by the noise in the electrical receiver, so that in practice any distortion caused by the fiber's optical nonlinearity can be avoided. From their calculations estimates for all important optical parameters are provided. The deleterious effect of a slight relative misalignment between the encoding and decoding masks is also investigated