基于工艺流程的液压注塑机的变频节能控制研究

针对目前注塑机液压系统使用定量泵加双比例阀结构普遍存在的较大的溢流损失等问题，提出了在原有阀控液压调速系统基础上利用变频技术实时控制液压泵输出流量的系统结构，并阐述了其工作原理。在此基础上，针对注塑机液压系统的特殊性，提出了基于工艺流程的控制方法，在保持原有阀控调速系统频响的前提下，大幅度降低了注塑机液压系统的溢流损失，因此节约了注塑成本。     

双定量泵供油回路的调整及改进

双定量泵供油回路是一种比较经济的能源回路。它在组合机床上得到广泛的应用 ,尤其适用于有多液压驱动部件的专用组合机床 ,这种回路在工作过程中流量变化大 ,即快速进给时为低压大流量 (双泵供油 ) ,慢速进给时高压小流量 (大泵卸荷 ,小泵供油 ) ,典型双定量泵供油回路如图 1所示。这种回路在实际使用中各液压进给部件以及夹具之间存在压力干涉问题。1　示例卧式双面多孔钻削组合机床 ,其进给部件为液压滑台 ,夹具为液压夹具 ,两液压滑台的工作循环为 :快进—工进至死挡铁—快退。当夹具上被加工零件定位夹紧后 ,液压系统根据压力发出信号…     

基于AMESim的恒压力轴向柱塞泵动态特性仿真

分析了恒压力轴向柱塞泵的工作原理,推导并建立了液压泵压力流量和压力调节机构的数学模型,并在此基础上以AMESim工程软件为平台建立了轴向柱塞泵的仿真模型,分析了压力流量脉动状况并对液压泵在内部磨损和系统流量变化两种情况下的压力流量进行了仿真计算,对两种情况下泵的工作情况进行分析比较,为液压脉动抑制和故障分析提供了参考.     

苹果多功能作业平台液压系统性能研究

针对苹果园区果树种植模式,设计全液压驱动苹果多功能作业平台。利用试验采集的液压系统流量和压力数据,分析平台升降、侧向伸缩和行走液压系统的工作性能。结果表明:平台最大上升速度可达0. 062 m/s,升降系统稳定性和作业效率较高;平台侧向伸缩液压管路设计分流集流阀,使液压泵输出液压油平均分配给4个侧向伸缩液压缸,液压缸同步性较好;高速行走工况下,平台15. 03 s达到匀速运行阶段,匀速运行时液压泵输出流量和压力波动较小,其流量和压力平均值分别为58. 78 L/min和7. 95 MPa;高速上坡工况下,液压泵出口流量较快达到44 L/min,并保持恒定流量向液压马达供油,稳定性较好,完成上坡和下坡整个测试过程所用时间为18. 41 s,系统效率较高。     

大型龙门导轨磨床IPMP变频伺服液压系统设计

介绍一种节能环保的大型龙门导轨磨床IPMP变频伺服液压系统的设计及能耗计算。利用"定量泵+变频伺服电机"替代传统的"定量泵+比例调速阀"系统,通过变频器控制油泵的转速,用压力传感器和旋转编码器对压力及流量信号进行反馈,实现闭环控制,压力、流量可以按需输出,没有多余的功率被损耗。4组22 kW IPMP泵站设计可以满足大型龙门导轨磨床超重载、宽调速、低能耗要求。     

定量泵增速缸节能液压回路

1 前言快慢速交替工作的液压机械,其快速进退速度一般比慢速工作进给速度高得多。对于此类机械,如若采用定量泵供油和节流调速液压驱动回路,则泵的流量必须按循环中最高速度的需要选定。由于工作中泵始终按最大流量向回路供油,从而极大地降低了液压回路的容积     

基于液压泵伺服驱动的扩径机节能技术研究

介绍一种扩径机新型的液压泵伺服驱动及控制技术,该技术采用伺服电机驱动定量泵作为动力源,通过控制单元改变伺服电机的转速和转矩来实现流量压力的复合控制。这种动力源不仅可以简化扩径机复杂的液压系统,而且还具有节能降噪的作用,是未来液压动力源发展的一种趋势。     

基于CPAC的节能化注塑机控制系统开发

节能将是工业发展的必然趋势,针对鞋模注塑机工作循环中能耗大的特点,提出一种新型鞋模注塑机液压系统。重点阐述了新型鞋模注塑机的节能改造和基于CPAC(Computer Programmable Automation Controller)注塑机控制系统的开发。新型注塑机采用的是直驱式电液伺服系统,通过伺服电机来动态调节定量泵的转速,实现压力和流量两者都是闭环控制,从而达到节能的目的。控制系统采用以HMI为人机交互界面、固高GUC系列通用一体化控制器为控制核心,利用ST语言和梯形图(LD)两种语言开发了开放式模块化注塑机控制系统。     

压力流量复合型液压动力源转速转矩测试系统开发与应用

变转速液压驱动系统是一种新型的压力流量复合型动力源。这种动力源不仅可简化复杂的液压系统,而且还具有节能降噪的作用。介绍了用两个伺服电机对拖来模拟液压泵载荷和基于LabVIEW编写的转速转矩测试程序。通过测试程序和模拟的液压泵载荷可方便地检测变转速液压驱动系统控制性能。     

用数字泵系统节能

数字泵液压系统是由一系列自动通断的定量泵组成,以满足不同流量的需要。在许多情况下,这种系统比普通变量系统供油方法具有好些主要优点。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.