Studies on designing of submarine optical fiber cable

This paper describes important studies necessary to design submarine optical fiber cables. These include a study for deciding the optimum single-mode fiber parameters to suppress losses during cabling, cable laying, and so on. It also includes a study on the necessary fiber proof test conditions to prevent fiber breakage during cable handling, that is, during cable laying and recovery and to assure long-term fiber reliability. Submarine optical fiber cable sea trial results are also stated for cables designed applying these studies.     

Effect of cabling on polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber ribbon cables

This paper theoretically and experimentally investigates an effect of cabling on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in ribbon fibers helically stranded in optical fiber ribbon cables aimed at designing low PMD ribbon cables. Based on the birefringence model focused on the change in the birefringence when ribbon fibers are cabled, the helical pitch of optical fiber ribbon cables is designed to minimize the maximum PMD in the cables. A low PMD characteristic is confirmed in optical fiber ribbon cable with approximately the optimal helical pitch.     

Polarization-holding single-mode optical-fiber cables

Polarization-holding properties of low-loss and highly birefringent single-mode fibers inserted into two kinds of cable are presented. Variation of the properties and microbending loss during cabling processes were investigated. No degradation in extinction ratio between two orthogonal polarizations was measured in cabling processes for the both cables. Furthermore, length dependence of the extinction ratio was examined theoretically and experimentally by splicing fibers over a 10-km optical transmission line, and the experimental results were found to be in good agreement with those evaluated from the coupled-wave equation.     

Design and performance of nonmetallic waterproof optical fibercable using water-absorbent polymer

A nonmetallic optical fiber cable waterproofed with absorbent polymer was developed. Methods are proposed for evaluating the reliability of absorbent polymer in order to apply it as a waterproofing material, and a type of polyacrylic acid is selected. In addition, a waterproofing design is established based on a theoretical estimate of the water penetration length in the cable space. Among other findings, it was shown that the optical fiber loss of water-penetrated cable increases due to freezing. The allowable penetration length of waterproof cables can be determined so as to suppress this loss increase. Cables manufactured using this new design and absorbent polymer showed performance sufficient for practical application     

OPLC成缆质量的控制

光纤复合低压电缆(OPLC)作为智能电网建设中的重要线缆产品之一,是目前性价比最高的"多网融合"智能电缆产品。由于OPLC结构中包含了绝缘线芯和光单元,因此其成缆质量的控制与普通低压电缆成缆有许多不同。从填充材料的选用、成缆模具的选用、线芯张力的控制、绕包的松紧及收线盘的选择等几个方面对OPLC成缆质量(包括外观圆整度和光单元传输性能等)控制的影响进行了详细的阐述。     

Design and performance of ultra-high-density optical fiber cable with rollable optical fiber ribbons

This paper proposes a novel ultra-high-density optical fiber cable that employs rollable optical fiber ribbons. The cable has great advantages in terms of cable weight and diameter, and fiber splicing workability. Moreover, it will be easy to install in a small space in underground ducts and on residential and business premises. The structural design of the rollable optical fiber ribbon is evaluated theoretically and experimentally, and an optimum adhesion pitch P in the longitudinal direction is obtained. In addition, we examined the performance of ultra-high-density cables with a small diameter that employ rollable optical fiber ribbons and bending-loss insensitive optical fibers. The transmission, mechanical and mid-span access performance of these cables was confirmed to be excellent.     

光缆在线监测系统

近几年来光缆在电力系统的应用越来越普及，电力系统的通信、自动化、维护等越来越依赖高可靠、高性能的光纤传输。但在实际应用中，由于受外力及光缆本身质量等因素影响，光缆很容易遭到破坏，从而影响光缆的传输质量。光缆在线监测系统能在光缆遭到破坏时迅速确定光缆的故障点，为光缆故障修复提供宝贵的时间。     

The Blown Fiber Cable

A radically new approach to optical fiber cable design and installation is described. Packages containing a number of optical fibers were drawn into preinstalled empty bores (tubes) using the viscous drag of air. The drag force acting on the fiber package is distributed along its length, which makes it possible to introduce fibers into complicated routes, with low strain. In this paper, we will concentrate mainly on the design of the fiber package, first from the point of view of the hydrodynamic forces acting on it during installation. This leads to a theoretical model for the installation process. Second, we shall consider the package as a subminiature optical fiber cable, and examine its optical performance during manufacture and temperature cycling, which leads to a theoretical model of the temperature performance of the package. Finally, we will describe a trial field installation using this cabling technique.     

Design of Deep-Sea Submarine Optical Fiber Cable

On designing optical fiber cable, it is necessary to deal with optical fiber weakness, such as small breaking elongation compared to metal materials and excess loss under both lateral and hydraulic pressure. This paper presents a structural design method for the submarine optical fiber unit and cable based on the study of both lateral and hydraulic pressure characteristics. This paper also clarifies that the fiber proof test level has been determined for new cables to be applied in sea areas 8000 m in depth.     

Measurement of longitudinal strain in optical fiber cables during installation by cable ploughing

This paper reports a series of experiments in which a number of optical fiber cables were installed using cable ploughing equipment. The elongation of fibers in these cables was monitored during installation in order to assess whether excessive strain levels were encountered. The experiments confirmed that optical fiber cables can be satisfactorily installed using such techniques, and that residual strain levels were sufficiently low that the fiber lifetime was not prejudiced. It was found that optical fiber cables that are flexible and in which fibers are loosely housed can be installed with lower strain levels than other cables. A range of cable-ploughing equipment was used, and equipment which controlled the rate at which cable was fed from the cable drum was found to yield the best performance.     

光纤复合低压电缆温度分布与光单元传输特性研究

研究线缆发热与光单元传输特性变化之间的关系对光纤复合低压电缆(OPLC)设计及应用十分重要。用COMSOL软件模拟仿真光纤复合低压电缆的稳定运行和短路故障状态,得到其相应的电缆温度分布以及光单元传输损耗特性。选取线缆上不同位置处的特征点进行仿真,结果表明：电缆故障时导体绝缘层内升温较明显,外护套温度变化不明显;光纤温度变化很小,其温度在5 s内只有0.2 ℃的上升。由热膨胀引起的位移很小,使得传输损耗在这2种情况下几乎一样,短路故障对光纤的温度影响不大。设计光单元升温实验得到光缆传输损耗的数据,并与仿真数据进行对比分析。实测温度数据滞后于仿真数据5 s,但与仿真数据变化趋势一致,证明了仿真模型的可靠性和可行性。     

A 2 km Optical Fiber Communication Trial

This paper describes a recent field trial of an optical fiber communication link. The fixed point-to-point full duplex link used low loss multi-mode fibers fabricated by the CVD process in a simple cable structure. Fiber loss was approximately 4 dB/km before cabling and up to 7 dB/km after cabling. Digital 5 Mbit/s throughput TDM terminals were used to multiplex a variety of signal sources, including voice and data onto the fibers. Cabled fiber losses over 2.3 km were low enough to permit the use of incoherent infrared LED's as sources and silicon PIN photodiodes as receivers. 'Vee' groove splices were employed to connect fibers in the field. Installation was by standard cable laying techniques and no special problems were encountered.     

可探测型气吹微缆的研究

随着光通信网络的发展,光网络发展由核心骨干网向城域网及接入网递进发展,光缆敷设的量与范围越来越大,敷设光缆的管道资源越来越紧张,因此对纤密度较高的微缆的需求越来越多,这种光缆光纤密度比较高,光缆成本相对较为高昂,一旦发生施工等原因造成的破坏时,会造成较大的损失。因此,对已敷设的光缆进行维护及故障处理时如何有效地定位是一个大问题,所以需要光缆具备可被探测定位的功能以方便维护、提高效率、减少损失。本文涉及了一种新型的可探测型气吹微缆,其采用内嵌钢丝的玻璃纤维中心加强件的结构,可以使用光电缆路由测试仪有效的应对敷设光缆故障处理中的探测定位问题。本文设计了五种不同的方案,从内嵌钢丝的材质以及钢丝占比量等多方面对微缆的气吹及探测等性能进行了对比验证,从而确定了可探测型气吹微缆的最优结构设计。     

Low-rigidity optical fiber ribbon and its application to ultra-high-density cable with bending-loss insensitive fibers

We propose a novel optical fiber ribbon using bending-loss insensitive fibers aimed at tightly and randomly assembling in small core of the cable. Proposed ribbon is designed to be capable of mass-splicing and to suppress local bending and strain increase caused by cabling and cable bending by reducing flexural rigidity against bending under high fiber density assembling. We manufactured the cable with proposed ribbons and achieve the maximum fiber density of a 4.1 fiber/mm² for 400-fiber cable in conjunction with good optical loss and strain characteristics.     

Subscriber optical fiber cable transfer splicing system usingmechanically transferable connectors

An optical fiber cable transfer splicing system is developed for use in removing or changing optical fiber cables. The system enables rapid transfer from existing optical fiber cables to newly installed ones. The transfer is carried out synchronously using two mechanically transferable connectors which terminate the optical fiber cables at two different points, such as manholes. Before the transfer splicing, the system identifies a fiber ribbon in order to avoid mistransfer. A transfer time of less than 30 ms was achieved. The fiber ribbon was identified with a loss, from an identification light source to an identification point, of 35.5 dB. With this system, cable transfer can be faultlessly carried out with only a slight interruption to working transmission systems and circuit quality degradation is suppressed     

光纤通信工程光纤光缆的验收

给出了光纤光缆产品的主要技术指标和测试方法,讨论了光纤光缆主要技术特性和光纤通信系统申通信容量、中继距离、接续损耗的关系,阐述了光纤光缆验收的基本原则和验收的一般方法。     

全介质自承系列光缆（ADSS）

产品介绍Product introduction： 全介质自承式架空光缆 产品性能特点Product Prooertv： 光纤传输损耗小、色散低。合理的设计及精确的控制松套管中光纤的余长及成缆方式,使光缆具有优良的机械性能和环境性能。光缆结构紧凑,采用SZ层绞结构,保证光缆在恶劣的环境下,光纤不受到应力。加强件外和缆芯内充满阻水油膏。缆芯外纵包阻水带确保了缆芯全截面阻水效果。芳纶纱以恒定张力绕包于缆芯上并于PE外护套紧密粘结,     

基于BOTDA的电力特种光缆应力应变研究

为解决光缆机械特性监测盲区,防止因机械性能劣化而产生的故障隐患,对光缆中光纤余长理论和BOTDA(布里渊光时域分析仪)、OTDR(光时域反射仪)监测原理进行研究。采用BOTDA监测技术,对光缆中光纤的应变进行了监测实验。结合理论分析,得出光纤应变随光缆的应力应变及机械特性变化的关系,能够对光缆机械性能劣化起到预警作用,防患于未然。     

光缆设计制造中值得注意的问题

本文讨论了光缆设计制造中值得注意的几个问题。这些问题对光缆设计者、制造者以及光缆质检部门和用户都是极其重要的。本文所讨论的内容将对光缆研究和生产厂家有一定实际参考。     

Performance comparison of parallel optical interconnects for enterprise servers

There is an emerging need in the computing industry for higher bandwidth, longer distance, and increased density interconnections within clusters of high performance enterprise-class computer systems. Many of these servers share a common set of high level requirements which lend themselves to the use of parallel optical interconnects to either supplement or replace existing copper data buses. In this paper, we describe the results of application testing performed on 12-fiber parallel optical cables and connectors, including a relative comparison between three different multimode cable assembly sources. Assembly loss and effects of both axial and off-axis pull forces are measured for cable samples mated to a laser transmitter array. Significant variations exist in the performance of the same type of cable assembly from different manufacturing sources, particularly concerning their susceptibility to pull forces; we also investigate the effects of fiber strain relief to improve performance of these links. While currently available 12-fiber array connectors are not equivalent in performance to standard duplex connectors, this work suggests areas for future improvement and data communication application requirements which should be considered when using parallel fiber optic arrays.