基于自适应划分的进化多目标优化非支配个体选择策略

进化多目标优化主要研究如何利用进化计算方法求解多目标优化问题,已经成为进化计算领域的研究热点之一.多目标优化问题解的多样性主要体现在两个方面,即分布的广度和均匀程度.在分析了已有多目标进化算法保持解的多样性策略的基础上,提出了一种基于自适应划分的非支配个体选取策略.新策略根据非支配个体在目标空间的相似性程度对由当前非支配个体构成的前沿面进行自适应划分,在划分出的各区域选择最具代表性的个体,实现对非支配个体的修剪操作.为了验证新策略的有效性,将此策略应用于两类典型的多目标进化算法中,基于13个标准测试问题的仿真结果表明,自适应划分策略使最优解的均匀性和广度得到了很好的提升.     

一种分阶段的改进多目标粒子群优化算法

在多目标优化问题求解上,粒子群优化算法存在所得最优解集精度不足、分布不够均匀的缺点,针对上述问题,提出了一种多种群分阶段的多目标粒子群优化算法.算法对外部档案个体采取多种算子进行处理以提高解集的收敛精度,引入简化粒子群优化模型使算法更适应多目标优化问题的求解,通过分阶段选取领导个体以及分阶段采取不同策略对非支配解集进行维护以维持解分布均匀性的同时提高收敛速度,重点改善高维多目标优化问题的解集分布均匀性.实验结果表明,改进算法所得的非支配解集具有更好的分布均匀性和收敛精度.     

基于多策略的多目标粒子群优化算法

针对目前多目标粒子群优化算法的收敛性能和非劣解的多样性不能同时得到满足等缺陷,提出一种基于多策略的多目标粒子群优化算法（Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for Multi-Strategy,MS-MOPSO）。采用非支配排序和拥挤距离排序相结合策略,重新划分外部种群和进化种群;采用小生境选择策略,在外部种群中选择最佳粒子作为领导粒子,用于领导进化种群中粒子的进化;在进化种群中利用多尺度高斯变异策略,平衡算法的全局搜索和局部精确搜索;采用邻域认知个体极值更新策略,不断更新个体极值。将该算法应用到典型的多目标测试函数,并与其他多目标优化算法进行对比分析,测试结果表明该算法中四个策略的有效性和互补性,同时验证了该算法不但具有较好的收敛性和收敛速度,而且该算法最优解的分布具有良好的均匀性和多样性。     

一种差分多目标优化算法

提出一种基于差分进化多目标优化算法.首先,采用基于差分进化的种群启发式搜索,根据多目标优化的特点,进行基于全部种群的Pareto占优比较和选择,有效实现全局搜索和局部搜索.另外,利用一个外部种群来储存非支配解,当非支配解的个数大于外部种群预先设定的规模时,对每个非支配个体采用基于支配关系和拥挤信息的适应度策略评价,然后采用基于密度的选择策略对外部种群进行删减,进一步提高算法的均匀性和宽广性.与NSGA-Ⅱ、PESA-Ⅱ、SPEA2的比较结果表明,该算法不仅收敛性较好,而且在均匀性和宽广性上优势明显.     

基于分解和差分进化的多目标粒子群优化算法

为了提高多目标优化算法解集的分布性和收敛性,提出一种基于分解和差分进化的多目标粒子群优化算法(dMOPSO-DE).该算法通过提出方向角产生一组均匀的方向向量,确保粒子分布的均匀性;引入隐式精英保持策略和差分进化修正机制选择全局最优粒子,避免种群陷入局部最优Pareto前沿;采用粒子重置策略保证群体的多样性.与非支配排序(NSGA-II)算法、多目标粒子群优化(MOPSO)算法、分解多目标粒子群优化(dMOPSO)算法和分解多目标进化-差分进化(MOEA/D-DE)算法进行比较,实验结果表明,所提出算法在求解多目标优化问题时具有良好的收敛性和多样性.     

基于多种群分解预测的动态多目标引力搜索算法

为提高算法求解动态多目标问题的寻优性能,提出一种多种群分解预测动态多目标算法.首先,提出进化向量生成策略,即基于偏好目标的解生成一组均匀分布的平行向量,并采用引力搜索算法优化每个子问题,保证其对应解的精度和分布的均匀性;其次,设计插值生成策略,即根据进化向量子问题的解在目标空间中的取值,通过线性插值的方式生成更多非支配解,保证解集的多样性和均匀性;再次,在环境变化后,根据相邻子问题的解存在相近性预测生成搜索种群,提高算法的寻优速度.与5个对比算法在10个标准动态测试函数上进行对比分析,实验结果表明采用所提出算法求解动态多目标问题具有较好的分布性和收敛性.     

一种改进的多目标合作型协同进化遗传算法

针对传统多目标算法早熟收敛及多样性不足的问题,提出了一种改进的非支配排序合作型协同进化遗传算法（Improved Non-dominated Sorting Cooperative Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm,INSCCGA）。该算法利用外部档案存储每一代进化过程中产生的精英个体,并对其不断进行更新,以加快算法的收敛速度。同时提出了一种新型子种群之间协同进化的方式,增强候选解的多样性。利用ZDT系列标准测试函数,与经典的多目标进化算法NSGA-II以及多目标协同进化算法NSCCGA进行了对比,结果表明改进算法具有更好的收敛性以及均匀的解分布。     

基于混合支配策略的多偏好协同进化算法*

基于目标向量的多偏好协同进化算法无法识别处于同一适应值水平上的候选解之间的Pareto支配关系,导致所获解集在Pareto前沿分布不均匀.鉴于此种情况,文中提出基于混合支配策略的多偏好协同进化算法.首先对种群进行Pareto支配排序,再计算候选解的适应值,降低种群中非支配解比例,增加选择压力.同时,将目标空间中候选解的距离信息融入到适应值赋值方法中,惩罚处于同一适应值水平但距离理想解较远的候选解,提高解集前沿的分布均匀性.最后在12个WFG系列和DTLZ系列测试函数上的实验表明,文中算法在大部分测试函数上所获解集整体质量较优.     

多目标协同正弦优化算法求解分布式流水车间调度问题

针对最小化最大完工时间(makespan)、总拖期以及平均空闲时间的多目标序列相关准备时间分布式流水车间调度问题, 本文提出一种多目标协同正弦优化算法(MCSOA). 算法主要包括4个核心阶段: 在多邻域搜索阶段,提出了基于关键工厂的搜索策略, 并通过正弦优化算法控制搜索范围; 在破坏重构阶段, 设计了一种迭代搜索策略引导个体的进化方向, 同时使用正弦优化算法平衡全局开发与局部搜索; 在选择阶段, 使用非支配排序与参考点的方法筛选优质解, 外部档案集用于存储所有非支配解; 在协同阶段, 设计种群间共享与竞争机制, 平衡3个目标的优化. 本文通过多目标优化的均匀性、反世代距离和覆盖率3项性能指标验证算法的有效性, 并使用非参数检验证明所提出的算法具有显著性优势.     

多目标自适应和声搜索算法

提出了一种利用Pareto支配来求解多目标优化问题的自适应和声搜索算法（MOSAHS）。该算法利用外部种群来保存非支配解,为了保持非支配解的多样性,提出了一种基于拥挤度的删除策略,这个策略能较好地度量个体的拥挤程度。用5个标准测试函数对其进行测试,并与其他多目标优化算法相比较。实验结果表明,与其他的算法相比,提出的算法在逼近性和均匀性两方面都有很好的表现,是一种有效的多目标和声搜索算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。