铜-石墨复合电极材料耐电蚀性试验研究

通过复合电铸技术在耐电蚀性强的铜主体中引入抗电蚀性能优异的微粉石墨成功制备了铜-石墨复合电极材料,试验研究了复合电极材料的抗电蚀能力。结果表明：在微粉石墨添加量36-48g／L,阴极电流密度2～3A／dm^2以及适当温度和搅拌强度等条件下制备的复合电极材料表现出优异的耐电蚀性能。     

超声电沉积制备电火花加工铜电极的研究

电火花加工中,电极是影响加工质量和加工效率的重要因素。电沉积是制备电极材料的有效方法,为了改善沉积层质量,将超声场引入到电沉积中,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察电铸铜层微观形貌,并测试显微硬度和电火花耐电蚀性。结果表明,超声电沉积得到的铜铸层晶粒更加细小、均匀,致密性好;显微硬度比普通电沉积铜提高20%以上;电极相对损耗低,抗电蚀性能得到提高。     

电火花加工中减小电极损耗的方法和实验研究

制作一种电火花小孔加工用Cu-Ni复合电极,其原理是基于电镀层和基体材料性能的差异,改变电极材料电蚀性能,保证电极端面和侧面的均匀损耗。在D703F型高速电火花小孔加工机床上,用Cu-Ni电极加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢材料,与常用的普通铜管电极对比。结果表明:在相同的加工条件下,Cu-Ni复合电极的电极损耗明显降低,同时改善了因电极损耗引起的被加工工件的尺寸精度和形状精度。     

铜-10%石墨复合材料的载流摩擦磨损行为

用冷压烧结粉末冶金法制备了铜-10%石墨复合材料;对复合材料进行了拉伸、冲击试验;用SEM、电滑动磨损试验机等分析了材料的断口形貌和载流摩擦磨损性能,探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:由于铜-10%石墨复合材料中石墨含量较高,该材料的拉伸断裂为脆性断裂;在非载流条件下,试样的磨损量随着试验载荷、滑动速度的增加而增大;载流30 A条件下,由于电流产生大量的电弧热促进了石墨的润滑作用,与非载流相同磨损条件结果相比摩擦因数降低、磨损量减小。     

电铸工艺对工具电极材料抗电蚀性能的影响研究

提升基于准LIGA工艺制作的微细电火花加工工具电极材料的耐电蚀能力,是准LIGAMicroEDM组合加工高深宽比三维微结构可靠实现的重要研究内容。论述了该组合加工的技术优势及其工艺路线,理论分析了电铸电极材料电蚀性的影响因素,试验研究了电沉积工艺参数和操作条件如添加剂种类及其添加量、电流密度、温度等对电铸铜工具电极电蚀能力的影响。结果表明,组合添加适量明胶和Cl-,在适当的电流密度和温度等工作条件下,电铸出的铜工具电极在微细电火花加工中表现出超强的耐电蚀能力,重量相对损耗为0.3%。     

涡轮叶片冷却孔电火花加工管电极的铜电铸层制备及其抗电蚀性

以降低高温镍基合金涡轮叶片冷却孔电火花加工电极损耗率为目标,基于精密电铸工艺,优化了铸液工艺参数,在添加纳米La₂O₃条件下制备了铜管电极的铜电铸层,并将其与未添加La₂O₃所制备的铜电铸层进行了材料性能对比分析。以Inconel 718镍基合金叶片冷却孔为加工对象,利用所制备的带有纯铜电铸层的管电极进行了抗电蚀性能对比研究。试验结果表明：铸液中La₂O₃的添加量为1.2g/L时,铜电铸层晶粒最细,晶粒平均直径为15.9μm,表面粗糙度降至0.140μm,显微硬度可达98.2HV;用其制成的铜管电极损耗率较普通紫铜管电极和未添加纳米La₂O₃的铜管电极损耗率分别降低了13.29%和7.26%。     

α—苯偶姻肟修饰石墨压形电极的研制及应用

本文介绍一种α-苯偶姻肟修饰的石墨压形电极及其在阳极溶出伏安法测铜中的应用.报道了该电极的制作方法及其电化学特性,讨论了电极组成对其性能的影响,优选了阳极溶出伏安法测定铜的条件,结果表明,该电极具有制备工艺简单,成本低廉,重现性好,选择性好等优点、     

无铅铜基石墨复合材料性能研究

以化学镀方法制备的镀镍石墨粉取代铜基轴承材料中的铅,采用粉末冶金方法制备无铅铜基石墨复合材料,考察铜基石墨复合材料的界面结合、力学性能及其摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:化学镀方法在石墨表面形成的镀镍层能改善铜与石墨之间的界面结合,提高铜基石墨复合材料的力学性能;2%镀镍石墨无铅铜基复合材料的减摩、抗黏着性能及承载能力都优于典型铜铅材料。     

铸造铜-石墨复合材料

本文采用流变工艺方法加入石墨柱子制备铜-石墨复合材料,并对其组织和性能进行了研究。试验结果表明:铜-石墨复合材料具有较低的摩擦系数,是一种良好的自润滑、减震材料。     

电火花加工轴承钢GCr15的电极选择研究

轴承钢GCr15广泛用于轴承、精密模具、量具等精密领域,电火花加工是所述精密领域中常用的加工方式。在电火花加工中,电极材料与电火花加工性能密切相关,选择合适的电极材料能够进一步发挥电火花加工的优势。选取三种电极材料进行对比研究,包括紫铜、石墨和铜钨合金WCu50,首先,从放电过程和热蚀除角度分析电极材料特性对于加工效率(MRR)、表面粗糙度(SR)和电极损耗率(TWR)的影响。其次,设计16组田口实验,得到不同电极材料的电火花加工轴承钢GCr15的MRR、SR和TWR。随后,提出一种石墨和铜钨合金WCu50组合电极分别作为粗加工和精加工的电极材料,验证性实验结果表明,本次提出的组合电极,相比于粗精加工均采用紫铜作为电极,加工效率提高50%,表面粗糙度降低32.4%,圆柱度提高42.4%。     

添加少量纳米SiCp对铜基材料电学和摩擦学性能的影响

考察了添加少量纳米SiCp对铜基材料电学和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：添加少量纳米SiCp(体积分数为0．5％),轻微降低了铜基材料的导电率,显著提高了耐磨性,有效降低了铜／钢摩擦副之间的粘着作用和材料转移;130nm SiCp／Cu基复合材料的导电性和耐磨性都优于30nm SiCp／Cu基复合材料。     

U70MnSi和40Cr钢电火花表面强化层的组织与性能

采用硬质合金YG-8和焊条FW-1101作电极,在电火花表面强化器上强化了U70MnSi钢和40Cr钢的表面;用X射线衍射仪分析了强化层的结构,用滚动和滚、滑磨损试验研究了强化层的耐磨性,用阳极极化和浸泡试验研究了40Cr钢表面强化后的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：强化层是由化合物和非晶组织组成的混合层;表面强化后试样的耐磨性明显提高;40Cr强化层的混合组织对耐腐蚀性能的影响超过了层中缺陷和残余应力的影响,使其耐腐蚀性能提高。     

聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的抗冲蚀磨损性能研究

用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯反应后，与陶瓷粉末进行共混，制得抗冲蚀磨损的聚氨酯复合材料。用相对抗冲蚀磨损性法评价了聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的耐磨性，通过扫描电镜观察了聚氨酯复合材料的磨损形貌，解释了微米级陶瓷粉末增强聚氨酯的抗冲蚀磨损性能机理。结果表明，Si3N4粉末质量分数在5％～10％时，复合材料抗冲蚀磨损性能是聚氨酯的1．87倍，TiN聚氨酯复合材料抗冲蚀磨损性能是聚氨酯的2．81倍。     

Cavitation erosion of aluminum matrix sintered composite with AlN dispersoids

The cavitation erosion resistance of P/M aluminum alloy-sintered composite with AlN dispersoids, prepared via the in situ synthesis and the conventional premixing process, was evaluated by using magnetostrictive-vibration type equipment. In situ synthesized AlN particles were effective for the improvement of the erosion resistance of the composite because of their good bonding with the aluminum matrix. The additive AlN by the premixing process were easily detached from the specimen surface due to the insufficient coherence with the matrix, and caused the poor resistance. The cavitation resistance also depended on the porosity of the sintered composite. The continuously opened pores accelerated the wear phenomena by the cavitation due to the high-pressure attack on the primary particle boundaries of sintered materials in the collapse of the bubbles.     

Some Views on the Mapping of Erosion of Coated Composites In Tidal Turbine Simulated Conditions

This article presents a study of the erosion resistance of coated and uncoated polymer matrix composites for tidal turbine conditions. It focuses on the development of comparative erosive wear mode and mechanism maps for such materials. In our earlier work, testing of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites for tribological applications in marine simulated conditions, several erosion-related issues were highlighted. The combined effects of the NaCl solution and sand dramatically enhanced the erosive wear of the uncoated specimens. In order to address those issues, an erosion-resistant polymeric coating was applied to the composite and tested in marine simulated conditions with an extended range of sand particle size. The test results of the uncoated and coated composite have been compared in this research by erosive wear mode and mechanism maps techniques. These maps reveal that the coating has enhanced the erosion resistance. These findings provide significant progress toward materials selection approaches to manufacture of tidal turbine blades.     

Some issues relating to the construction of materials selection maps for resistance to elevated temperature erosion

In studies of elevated temperature erosion, the performance of various materials has been investigated in a wide range of exposure conditions. Material performance has been shown to be dependent on erosion-corrosion conditions, determined by properties of the impacting particle, the temperature and the composition of the gaseous environment. Changes of the ranking order of wastage rates of various materials, as a function of the process conditions, is a common feature of the results to date. Such observations can make materials selection decisions, for elevated temperature erosion resistance, a fairly arbitrary exercise.In recent years, there has been significant interest in mapping the erosion of materials at elevated temperatures. Such maps demonstrate the transitions between the erosion regimes as a function of the main process parameters. More recently, for erosion of composite materials, they have also been used to identify the magnitude of the wastage rate.The object of this work has been to develop a simple rationale for construction of materials performance maps for exposure of materials to elevated temperature erosion conditions. The results used to construct the maps have been generated from literature on the performance of materials in laboratory simulated fluidized bed conditions. It is shown how ‘materials selection’ maps can be constructed for elevated temperature erosion resistance based on this approach.     

陶瓷粉末种类对聚氨酯复合材料冲蚀磨损性能的影响

用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)反应,与不同种类的陶瓷粉末进行共混,制得耐磨蚀聚氨酯复合材料。评价了聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的耐磨性,通过扫描电镜观察了聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的磨损形貌,探讨了陶瓷粉末增强聚氨酯弹性体的磨损机制。结果表明:当—NCO含量为6.35%,Si3N4粉末、TiN粉末质量分数为10%时,耐磨性能最好,分别提高纯聚氨酯弹性体抗冲蚀磨损性能1.88倍和2.81倍。     

Influence of electrical discharge machining parameters on cutting parameters of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic

Today the use of high-strength carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) composite as a material for many engineering applications is showing an increasing demand in the industry. These composites are replacing the traditional use of steel because they offer many advantages such as very light weight, high strength, and high stiffness associated with good corrosion-resistant properties. Unfortunately, there is little technological knowledge on the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process of high-strength composite materials, especially about the CFRP. In this work, a study has made into the possibility of using EDM process as a means of machining CFRP composite. Various cutting conditions such as peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time and open-circuit voltage were selected to perform electrical discharge machining. The effect of electrode rotation was also studied. Optimum cutting conditions and machine settings for EDM were chosen for machining CFRP composites.