基于强震记录的结构动力特性识别

通过对结构瞬时频率的分析可以诊断出结构的振动过程和损伤发展规律。本文采用HHT法分析了喜来登环球旅馆于1994年北岭地震中获得的强地震反应观测记录,分析结果表明：对结构强震记录这种强非平稳信号,HHT方法能较好的识别结构的动力特性;分析结构振动中瞬时频率的时变特点,可以直观地掌握强震作用下结构的振动过程和损伤发展规律。     

大跨斜拉桥环境模态频率识别的最大熵法研究

大跨斜拉桥结构的振动特性随环境与运营条件的变化表现出时变的特征。本文对润扬大桥斜拉桥结构的实测加速度响应信号采用复模态指示函数法(CMIF法)进行了模态参数识别,在此基础上采用最大熵法对实测模态频率的不确定性进行了分析。分析结果表明,环境温度的变化对斜拉桥模态频率的影响是长期性的趋势,而交通荷载和风荷载对模态频率的影响则由于荷载的非平稳性呈现瞬时的颤动变化。采用最大熵法较好地改善了润扬大桥斜拉桥的环境模态频率识别效果,有效地减少了实测模态频率因车辆和风荷载随机因素影响的变异性。     

隧道爆破振动下既有建筑结构动力响应及#br# 损伤研究综述

针对隧道爆破振动引起建筑结构的损伤问题,首先阐述隧道爆破振动峰值振速和频率的衰减规律;然后总结隧道爆破下采用反应谱法、时程分析法、损伤指数量化法和现场试验测试法得出的结构振动反应特征,阐述隧道爆破下建筑结构的损伤机理和易损构件,并探究了基于高阶局部模态的爆破振动下结构振动的损伤机理;阐述振动安全标准及改进方法;最后指出今后的研究重点：①建立同时考虑结构承重构件和非承重构件的三维全结构模型,探究爆破振动下非承重构件的振动反应及损伤情况;②基于结构动力学和高阶模态理论,通过分析爆破振动主频与结构高阶模态频率之间的关系,探索建筑结构在隧道爆破下的高阶模态振动效应及损伤特征;③需要综合考虑结构峰值振速—峰值应力的耦合响应特征来探究建筑结构在隧道爆破振动下的损伤机理,辨识易损构件,改进和完善爆破振动安全标准;④结合大数据、信息化和结构健康监测技术,实现动态化、定量化和精细化评价爆破振动下建筑物安全和结构损伤。     

隧道爆破振动下既有建筑结构动力响应及损伤研究综述

针对隧道爆破振动引起建筑结构的损伤问题,首先阐述隧道爆破振动峰值振速和频率的衰减规律;然后总结隧道爆破下采用反应谱法、时程分析法、损伤指数量化法和现场试验测试法得出的结构振动反应特征,阐述隧道爆破下建筑结构的损伤机理和易损构件,并探究了基于高阶局部模态的爆破振动下结构振动的损伤机理;阐述振动安全标准及改进方法;最后指出今后的研究重点:①建立同时考虑结构承重构件和非承重构件的三维全结构模型,探究爆破振动下非承重构件的振动反应及损伤情况;②基于结构动力学和高阶模态理论,通过分析爆破振动主频与结构高阶模态频率之间的关系,探索建筑结构在隧道爆破下的高阶模态振动效应及损伤特征;③需要综合考虑结构峰值振速—峰值应力的耦合响应特征来探究建筑结构在隧道爆破振动下的损伤机理,辨识易损构件,改进和完善爆破振动安全标准;④结合大数据、信息化和结构健康监测技术,实现动态化、定量化和精细化评价爆破振动下建筑物安全和结构损伤。     

新型大跨度空间结构损伤动力特性数值研究

以新型空间结构为研究对象,建立了ANSYS有限元模型,对结构的模态频率、模态振型、单频激励响应及白噪声激励下的结构响应进行了较为全面的研究.研究发现:虽然损伤对结构模态频率并不敏感,但振型对损伤却有着相当高的敏感程度;同时对结构的谐响应分析和三维白噪声激励分析发现:损伤不仅仅会对已参与结构振动的模态振型产生影响,同时还会导致产生新生的模态参与到结构的振动中及消亡部分已参与到结构振动中的模态,损伤还会造成结构模态的跃迁等现象.诸多的损伤对空间结构在动力特性方面造成的影响都为其损伤识别提供了全新的参考信息和全新的思路.     

基于LMD非线性特征参数识别的结构动态检测研究

为了改变传统模态参数识别方法无法识别变工况环境下结构响应的状况,更好地满足土木工程结构健康监测的需求,提出了基于LMD的非线性特征参数识别方法。采用LMD法对施加扰动的建筑结构加速度响应信号分解得到PF分量,进而求出每个PF分量的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,通过拟合瞬时频率和瞬时幅值曲线识别模态固有频率和阻尼比。本文以多层建筑结构的三维有限元模型为例,对模型施加任意方向的扰动,通过理论分析和计算,并与仿真分析结果对比,验证了基于LMD的结构动态检测分析方法的有效性。     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的结构损伤识别及振动台试验验证

结构在强烈地震作用下,构件、节点会产生损伤,刚度、强度等力学性能会降低,结构的动力特性也会改变.分析与处理结构振动信号是结构健康监测和损伤识别的重要手段之一.利用Hilbert-Huang变换,提出利用具有时变规律的瞬时频率和瞬时能量识别结构的损伤演化过程,利用可以反映结构振动能量分布规律的Hilbert边际谱的相对幅...     

最大熵谱在空间网格结构频谱分析中的应用

振动信号的频谱分析是空间网格结构模态识别及健康评定的基础。通过对几种功率谱估计方法的比较,利用最大熵谱代替传统经典功率谱分析识别了环境激励下的自振频率,并采用AIC准则确定了模型的阶数。通过一个网架模型进行了仿真模拟,成功地识别出了它的前6阶频率,从而验证了最大熵谱可以用较短的振动响应获取较高的频率识别精度,且能识别密集模态,适合于环境激励下空间网格结构的频谱分析。最后将其运用到大运会主场馆振动监测系统中,可为类似结构长期监测提供参考,具有较大的工程应用价值。     

风和温度对地王大厦模态频率的影响研究

通过强震动监测台阵对深圳地王大厦进行长期的环境振动监测,并结合风和温度等气象数据,研究了2014年1月~10月期间风、温度、结构加速度响应和各阶模态频率的变化及其相关性,分析了风和温度对模态频率监测的影响;分别采用多元线性回归和支持向量机技术两种方法进行建模,模拟风和温度对模态频率的共同影响,并分析比较不同模型的预测效果;基于风和温度数据预测模态频率的成功率,提出了一种简便的结构健康诊断方法。结果表明,地王大厦各阶模态频率多数与风速和温度呈负相关关系。两种拟合模型均能较好地反映各阶频率的变化特征。     

风荷载作用下风电叶片的受力研究

文章对在风荷载作用下的风电叶片进行损伤识别研究,在ANSYS中建立有限元模型,对结构进行模态分析,提取前十阶频率和模态振型,得出风电叶片的振动特性。采用振型分解反应谱法和谱分析技术计算风荷载作用下的风电叶片的动力响应,为以后风电叶片的实时监测做准备。     

Identification of Instantaneous Modal Parameter of Time‐Varying Systems via a Wavelet‐Based Approach and Its Application

This work presents an efficient approach using time‐varying autoregressive with exogenous input (TVARX) model and a substructure technique to identify the instantaneous modal parameters of a linear time‐varying structure and its substructures. The identified instantaneous natural frequencies can be used to identify earthquake damage to a building, including the specific floors that are damaged. An appropriate TVARX model of the dynamic responses of a structure or substructure is established using a basis function expansion and regression approach combined with continuous wavelet transform. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using numerically simulated earthquake responses of a five‐storey shear building with time‐varying stiffness and damping coefficients. In terms of accuracy in determining the instantaneous modal parameters of a structure from noisy responses, the proposed approach is superior to typical basis function expansion and regression approach. The proposed method is further applied to process the dynamic responses of an eight‐storey steel frame in shaking table tests to identify its instantaneous modal parameters and to locate the storeys whose columns yielded under a strong base excitation.     

Use of Ritz method for damage detection of reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams

Damage-induced changes in modal characteristics can be detected using experimental modal analysis. In this article, based on changes in natural frequency, mode shapes, and damping ratios, a methodology for detecting damage location and severity is presented. The damage was induced by application of point load at half span location on the reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams. The load was gradually increased to obtain different crack patterns to be used in simulation of damage scenarios. Experimental modal analysis was performed on the undamaged and damaged beams. The natural frequency and mode shapes were used to determine the location of damage. The approach is developed at an element level with a conventional finite element (FE) model by Ritz method, which is called Ritz damage detection method (RDDM). The mathematical model for both damped and undamped damaged structures have been established through the eigenvalue equations. The singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is used for determination of damage or sound index. These indexes are sensitive to the change of dynamic characteristics due to damages. This approach is applied to five simply supported post-tensioned concrete beams. The numerical results show that the exact location and severity of damage for different simulated damage scenarios could be efficiency found by the present methodology.     

Numerical damage localisation for building systems including dynamic soil-structure interaction

This study develops a vibration-based damage detection method for shear buildings embedded in soil by evaluating the cumulative changes on curvature of the frequency response of displacements between undamaged and damaged structures. The curvature is calculated through direct differentiation rather than finite difference approximation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with two existing methods through numerical studies. The effects of the severity of damage, level of noise and soil rigidity on the localisation of the single and successive damage scenario are investigated. Observations show that the proposed method is able to correctly localise the structural damage with different severity levels under noise-free conditions and performs better than the existing methods under noise-polluted conditions. In addition, the proposed method behaves robustly in successful predictions when buildings are located at various sites with different soil rigidities. The soil rigidity is also observed to considerably influence the effectiveness of the damage localisation method due to dynamic soil-structure interaction. Therefore, the proposed method may be used to effectively predict the damage location for building structures and can be considered to have a great potential for health monitoring of the life-cycle performance of buildings.     

Numerical Treatment of Seismic Accelerograms and of Inelastic Seismic Structural Responses Using Harmonic Wavelets

Abstract:   The harmonic wavelet transform is employed to analyze various kinds of nonstationary signals common in aseismic design. The effectiveness of the harmonic wavelets for capturing the temporal evolution of the frequency content of strong ground motions is demonstrated. In this regard, a detailed study of important earthquake accelerograms is undertaken and smooth joint time-frequency spectra are provided for two near-field and two far-field records; inherent in this analysis is the concept of the mean instantaneous frequency. Furthermore, as a paradigm of usefulness for aseismic structural purposes, a similar analysis is conducted for the response of a 20-story steel frame benchmark building considering one of the four accelerograms scaled by appropriate factors as the excitation to simulate undamaged and severely damaged conditions for the structure. The resulting joint time-frequency representation of the response time histories captures the influence of nonlinearity on the variation of the effective natural frequencies of a structural system during the evolution of a seismic event. In this context, the potential of the harmonic wavelet transform as a detection tool for global structural damage is explored in conjunction with the concept of monitoring the mean instantaneous frequency of records of critical structural responses.     

框架结构震后损伤的精确定位

基于频率易测且精度较高的特点,提出了框架结构损伤诊断的三步法。首先确定损伤杆件:把频率看作损伤参数的函数,以结构的每根杆件为一个单元,通过测量结构损伤前后频率的变化,构造以损伤参数为未知量的线性方程组,求解得到受损的构件。其次,把受损杆件划分成若干单元,再次构建方程组并求解,确定出损伤的具体位置和程度。最后,采用数理统计的方法,解决了由于测量误差影响诊断精度的问题。通过对一个2层框架结构进行数值模拟分析,表明其损伤识别效果较好。     

基于HHT方法的场地液化的识别

利用HHT方法定义了一种地震加速度记录的瞬时频率时程,该瞬时频率时程能够在一定程度上将原始加速度记录的频率非平稳特性予以量化。以此为依据,提出了一种根据地震加速度记录对场地液化进行识别的方法。通过分析实测的地震动加速度记录,参照实际的震害调查资料,并与现有其他方法的识别结果进行比较,验证了该方法的识别效果。     

基于神经网络技术的复杂框架结构节点损伤的两步诊断法

大量研究表明,对于发生损伤的大型复杂结构,采用常规的一步方法进行损伤诊断将是十分困难,甚至是不可能的。因此,本文对多层及高层复杂框架结构节点损伤,提出了基于神经网络技术的两步诊断方法,此方法先将结构划分为n个子区域,将损伤引起的结构前n阶模态频率变化比与损伤区域的关系输入概率神经网络,建立系统,进行损伤子区域判定;然后将结构损伤子区域内第二阶杆端应变模态变化量与节点损伤位置和损伤程度的关系输入径向基神经网络,建立系统,进行损伤位置和损伤程度具体诊断。数值仿真分析结果表明,此方法可对多层及高层框架结构的地震节点损伤做出成功诊断,且具有较好的抗干扰能力。     

建筑结构损伤识别的一种方法

将建筑结构简化为层剪切模型,基于模态频率对刚度的灵敏度,运用最小二乘原理,采用迭代寻优的方法,根据被测试的建筑物的固有频率,识别出系统的层间刚度.算例表明迭代速度快、精度高,通过和损伤前刚度的比较,能够准确地识别出结构损伤的位置和损伤量.     

基于时-频域信息的结构系统识别方法研究

结构响应的时域、频域信息均可用来对结构模型进行修正。该文提出频域信息与时域信息相结合的方法,对结构参数以及荷载进行评估。首先,从结构测量加速度信息中提取结构的频域特性,对结构模型进行较为粗略的修正,优化结构模型的振型、频率,使其与测量信息一致。其次,利用时域信息,在状态空间对结构运动微分方程进行零阶离散化,采用正则化方法对模型进行荷载识别,同时基于约束优化方法对结构模型参数进行进一步修正。应用模型缩聚方法,保证计算精度的情况下减少结构模型参数修正和荷载识别的计算量。在数值仿真计算中,基于框架结构的不完备地震时程响应记录,对结构损伤状况进行评估。结果证明,即使在有噪声的情况下,该文提出的结构状态方法依然能够很好地识别结构损伤程度、位置。最后,通过14层加层隔震剪力墙结构的振动台试验进一步验证该文提出的结构参数与荷载识别方法。