基于信息熵和改进粒子群算法的医学图像分割方法研究

针对传统的医学图像分割算法存在组织边缘模糊、灰度不均匀和图像噪声高的问题,将信息熵和改进的粒子群算法相结合,提出了一种基于信息熵和改进的粒子群算法的医学图像分割方法,在确保信息熵最大的条件下,实现医学图像的最佳阈值分割.将信息熵最大化作为适应度函数,通过改进的粒子群算法优化获得最佳分割门限,实现医学图像的最佳阈值分割.选择不合噪声和含噪声的脑部图像为研究对象,通过直观分析、客观分析和分割速度分析发现,提出的新方法在很大程度上克服了传统医学图像分割算法存在的缺陷,分割速度和精度得到显著提升;与此同时,新的算法具有很强的鲁棒性和抗噪声能力.     

Data hiding technologies for digital radiography

Research on data hiding is demonstrating every day that several applications can benefit from this technology; among these, medical data management. In particular, embedding patient information into a medical image through data hiding could improve the level of security and confidentiality that is essential for the diffusion of medical information systems. The design of a data hiding system for such an application has to take into account specific requirements, the most important are: high payload to identifying reliably a patient; quality preservation of the watermarked image; robustness to content modification. According to this analysis, a comparison between different data hiding approaches is presented, to evaluate the most suitable algorithms for embedding patient information into digital radiographs. In particular two algorithms based on statistical decision theory have been compared with schemes following the new approach of modelling data hiding as communication with side-information at the transmitter. These methods have been tested and compared in the framework of digital radiographies management in order to identify their benefits and drawbacks.     

基于互信息方法的医学图像检索

提出了一种适用于医学图像检索的新方法,即最大互信息方法,使用该方法对超声图像库进行了检索实验,验证了基于最大互信息方法具有良好的检索性能;该方法既能满足位置不变性,旋转不变性和比例不变性,又能避免进行图像分割,从而避免了因图像分割引起的复杂计算,该方法还具有检索速度不受数据库中图像数目影响等优点,也适用于对一般图像进行相似性检索。     

医学图像配准常用方法与分类

图像配准是当前医学图像领域的研究热点,具有重要的临床诊断和治疗价值.简述了图像配准的基本原理,对当前常用的医学图像配准方法进行了分类,详细分析了基于互信息、傅里叶变换和小波变换三种医学图像配准的算法实现、优缺点及典型应用.     

图像插值方法对互信息局部极值的影响分析

多模态图像配准中常使用互信息作为配准度量,互信息中的联合概率密度函数一般是利用图像灰度对的统计值来代替的,而图像插值可能产生新的灰度对,造成互信息出现局部极值。该文利用一维信号从理论上分析了线性和最近邻两种插值方法对互信息的影响。理论分析表明,线性插值造成互信息局部极值的可能性较小,而最近邻插值会使互信息出现周期性局部极值。试验结果证实了该文的结论。分析结果对基于互信息的多模态图像配准具有理论参考价值。     

基于图像处理的中医舌像特征分析方法

提出一种基于图像处理的舌像检测与分析方法，将传统中医舌诊中舌的特征进行数字化。应用了2D Gabor小波变换和色度信息较为精确地检测出舌体区域；提出了运用统计方法标定舌度和舌苔点以及确定其颜色的算法。舌苔的厚度通过色度信息和2D Gabor小波系数能量（GWTE）进行量化。分析了在不同相位时，有无舌纹情况下GWTE呈现出的不同特性，根据这一特点用不变矩描述了舌区域的GWTE，从而对舌纹的多少做出了定性的说明。实验表明，提出的相关算法行之有效，得到了较好的结果。     

Multimodality image registration by maximization of mutualinformation

A new approach to the problem of multimodality medical image registration is proposed, using a basic concept from information theory, mutual information (MI), or relative entropy, as a new matching criterion. The method presented in this paper applies MI to measure the statistical dependence or information redundancy between the image intensities of corresponding voxels in both images, which is assumed to be maximal if the images are geometrically aligned. Maximization of MI is a very general and powerful criterion, because no assumptions are made regarding the nature of this dependence and no limiting constraints are imposed on the image content of the modalities involved. The accuracy of the MI criterion is validated for rigid body registration of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and photon emission tomography (PET) images by comparison with the stereotactic registration solution, while robustness is evaluated with respect to implementation issues, such as interpolation and optimization, and image content, including partial overlap and image degradation. Our results demonstrate that subvoxel accuracy with respect to the stereotactic reference solution can be achieved completely automatically and without any prior segmentation, feature extraction, or other preprocessing steps which makes this method very well suited for clinical applications     

基于模糊熵聚类和改进粒子群的MRI脑图像分割研究

现有医学图像生成过程中无法回避噪声的引入,而目前还未有较好的算法对高噪声的MRI医学图像进行分割,分割归属于聚类问题,聚类常用的方法是模糊聚类,但模糊聚类需要解决对噪声和初始化敏感的问题,提出了一种基于模糊熵聚类和粒子群优化算法的MRI脑图像分割算法.首先在模糊熵聚类算法的基础上进行改进,设计了 一种利用邻域空间信息的...     

基于顺序形态学的医学图像插值算法的研究

医学图像插值方法是医学图像三维重建的关键技术,插值的结果直接决定了三维重建的效果.本文在深入研究了顺序形态学理论的基础上,提出了一种基于顺序形态学的插值算法,该算法采用百分位膨胀和腐蚀算子,解决了线性插值和形状插值等算法产生的边界模糊的问题.仿真实验表明该算法产生的断层图像和原有断层图像过渡自然,为后续的医学图像三维重建奠定了基础.     

Multimodal Medical Image Fusion Based on Sugeno's Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

Multimodal medical image fusion is the process of retrieving valuable information from medical images. The primary goal of medical image fusion is to combine several images obtained from various sources into a distinct image suitable for improved diagnosis. Complexity in medical images is higher, and many soft computing methods are applied by researchers to process them. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets are more appropriate for medical images because the images have many uncertainties. In this paper, a new method, based on Sugeno's intuitionistic fuzzy set (SIFS), is proposed. First, medical images are converted into Sugeno's intuitionistic fuzzy image (SIFI). An exponential intuitionistic fuzzy entropy calculates the optimum values of membership, non‐membership, and hesitation degree functions. Then, the two SIFIs are disintegrated into image blocks for calculating the count of blackness and whiteness of the blocks. Finally, the fused image is rebuilt from the recombination of SIFI image blocks. The efficiency of the use of SIFS in multimodal medical image fusion is demonstrated on several pairs of images and the results are compared with existing studies in recent literature.     

一种基于小波变换的多分辨率门限选取方法

本文描 一种亲的门限选择方法，它基于小流变换多尺度方法分析图像直方图的信息，通过对小波变换后直方图零交叉点检测，得到一序列门限，用于描述图像的边缘特征，整个方法采用一种由粗到细引导的多分辨率门限结构。     

Consistent landmark and intensity-based image registration

Two new consistent image registration algorithms are presented: one is based on matching corresponding landmarks and the other is based on matching both landmark and intensity information. The consistent landmark and intensity registration algorithm produces good correspondences between images near landmark locations by matching corresponding landmarks and away from landmark locations by matching the image intensities. In contrast to similar unidirectional algorithms, these new consistent algorithms jointly estimate the forward and reverse transformation between two images while minimizing the inverse consistency error-the error between the forward (reverse) transformation and the inverse of the the reverse (forward) transformation. This reduces the ambiguous correspondence between the forward and reverse transformations associated with large inverse consistency errors. In both algorithms a thin-plate spline (TPS) model is used to regularize the estimated transformations. Two-dimensional (2-D) examples are presented that show the inverse consistency error produced by the traditional unidirectional landmark TPS algorithm can be relatively large and that this error is minimized using the consistent landmark algorithm. Results using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging data are presented that demonstrate that using landmark and intensity information together produce better correspondence between medical images than using either landmarks or intensity information alone.     

Improved watershed transform for medical image segmentation using prior information

The watershed transform has interesting properties that make it useful for many different image segmentation applications: it is simple and intuitive, can be parallelized, and always produces a complete division of the image. However, when applied to medical image analysis, it has important drawbacks (oversegmentation, sensitivity to noise, poor detection of thin or low signal to noise ratio structures). We present an improvement to the watershed transform that enables the introduction of prior information in its calculation. We propose to introduce this information via the use of a previous probability calculation. Furthermore, we introduce a method to combine the watershed transform and atlas registration, through the use of markers. We have applied our new algorithm to two challenging applications: knee cartilage and gray matter/white matter segmentation in MR images. Numerical validation of the results is provided, demonstrating the strength of the algorithm for medical image segmentation.     

Content-based retrieval of dynamic PET functional images

The recent information explosion has led to a massively increased demand for multimedia data storage in integrated database systems. Content-based retrieval is an important alternative and complement to traditional keyword-based searching for multimedia data and can greatly enhance information management. However, current content-based image retrieval techniques have some deficiencies when applied in the biomedical functional imaging domain. In this paper, we presented a prototype design for a content-based functional image retrieval database system for dynamic positron emission tomography (PET). The system supports efficient content-based retrieval based on physiological kinetic features and reduces image storage requirements. This design makes it possible to maintain a large number of patient data sets online and to rapidly retrieve dynamic functional image sequences for the interpretation and generation of physiological parametric images, and offers potential advantages in medical image data management and telemedicine, as well as providing possible opportunities in the statistical and comparative analysis of functional image data     

基于最大互信息的图像拼接优化算法

基于多分辨分析(MA)策略,提出了以图像最大互信息(MI)为匹配测度的图像拼接粒子群优化算法(OA-MI),使参数随图像的MI计算和多分辨率级数进行自适应调整,解决了灰度图像配准中由于目标函数容易陷入局部极值而造成的误匹配问题。实验证明,该方法能够有效地避免局部极值的影响,通过有限次寻优迭代即可找到最优配准变换,提高了图像配准的计算速度和图像拼接的质量。     

基于平移旋转不变的塔式分解和模糊梯度场的医学图像配准

 为了提高医学图像配准的精度和速度,提出一种改进的圆周对称多分辨率分解算法,用环形带通滤波器代替高通滤波器,使各尺度的子带都具有平移和旋转不变性.不丢失信息的前提下,降低计算的冗余度.塔式分解的低频子带能量集中,用互信息进行配准;高频子带提供重要的解剖结构信息,构造基于边缘信息的模糊梯度场,并用模糊贴近度作为相似性测度,与互信息相结合.实验结果验证了新的金字塔算法的有效性,并且可以实现多模态医学图像的配准,结合模糊梯度场的配准算法提高了算法的鲁棒性,快速准确稳定地实现医学图像配准.     

Minimal shape and intensity cost path segmentation

A new generic model-based segmentation algorithm is presented, which can be trained from examples akin to the active shape model (ASM) approach in order to acquire knowledge about the shape to be segmented and about the gray-level appearance of the object in the image. Whereas ASM alternates between shape and intensity information during search, the proposed approach optimizes for shape and intensity characteristics simultaneously. Local gray-level appearance information at the landmark points extracted from feature images is used to automatically detect a number of plausible candidate locations for each landmark. The shape information is described by multiple landmark-specific statistical models that capture local dependencies between adjacent landmarks on the shape. The shape and intensity models are combined in a single cost function that is optimized noniteratively using dynamic programming, without the need for initialization. The algorithm was validated for segmentation of anatomical structures in chest and hand radiographs. In each experiment, the presented method had a significant higher performance when compared to the ASM schemes. As the method is highly effective, optimally suited for pathological cases and easy to implement, it is highly useful for many medical image segmentation tasks.     

基于头颈部凹点的人头定位新方法

利用图像序列中所蕴含的运动信息，依据所研究人脸由于遮蔽可能不完整的特点对基于序列图像的人头定位进行了研究。根据人头的特征实现了基于头颈部凹点的人头定位，提出了圆环人头定位的Hough变换算法，完成了人头和人脸的定位；最后给出了实验数据及分析。     

基于人眼视觉特性的NSCT医学图像自适应融合

医学图像融合对于临床诊断具有重要的应用价值。针对多模态医学图像特性,本文提出一种基于人类视觉特性的医学图像自适应融合方法。首先,对经配准的源图像进行非间隔采样轮廓变换（（Nonsubsampled Coutour-let,NSCT）多尺度分解,得到低频子带和若干高频方向子带;其次,根据低频子带集中了大部分源图像能量和决定图像轮廓的特点,采用区域能量与平均梯度相结合的方法进行融合;根据人眼对图像对比度及边缘、纹理的高敏感度,在高频子带系数的选取时提出区域拉普拉斯能量、方向对比度与脉冲耦合神经网络（Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PCNN）相结合的融合策略;进而,提出了把与人类视觉高度一致的加权结构相似度（Weighted Structure Similarity,WSSIM）作为图像融合目标函数,自适应地获取各子带的最优权值;最后,对灰度图像和彩色图像进行了大量融合比较实验,并对不同融合方法进行分析对比。实验结果表明：本文算法不仅可以有效保留源图像的信息,而且可以使融合图像灰度级更分散,更好地保留了图像边缘信息,具有更好的视觉效果。     

基于Level set方法的医学图像分割

本文引入了一种基于偏微分方程的曲线进化方法—Level set方法,通过与Fast marching方法的结合,可以实现运算速度的大大提高。同时引进了更有效的Kim提出的GMM(Group Marching Method)方法,减少了运算量,并给出了改进方法。最后,把该方法用于仿真图与医学图像分割中,获得了较好的效果。