建立灌区末级渠系节水改造奖补机制的建议

灌区的斗农引渠术级渠系是灌区各级工程设施发挥效益的终端和基础。地处陕西关中大粮仓的九大灌区自建成以来,由于受当时国家财力和社队村管理体制的制约,末级渠系投入严重不足．灌区在努力维护骨干工程正常运行的情况下,对未级渠系的投入相对很少．导致末级渠系损毁老化严重．“上通下堵”成为灌区积年弊病。灌区末级渠系急需进行节水改造。     

灌区末级渠系改造与新农村建设的关系

通过对末级渠系存在的问题及与骨干工程关系的阐述，论证了灌区实施末级渠系改造的迫切性，进一步加强对末级渠系改造的建设力度，对灌区末级渠系的改造，可节约用水，促进灌区新农村建设的发展。     

宜春市农田灌排设施建设管理现状调查研究

调查了宜春市农田灌排设施建设管理现状,分析了存在的问题,结果显示：灌区工程建设年代久远,一批大、中型灌区的骨干渠道及建筑物得以加固整治,提高了灌溉保证率;但骨干渠道至田间工程以上的末级渠系老化失修问题突出,尤其是末级渠系存在“最后一公里”梗阻问题,造成水资源浪费,影响灌区工程效益的发挥.结合宜春市农田灌排设施建设管理实际情况,从水源工程、灌区建设、灌区管理等方面提出了相关对策建议.     

浅谈千丰渠灌区末级典型渠系选定与设计要点

末级渠系是灌区渠道的终端，连接着骨干渠道和农田，也就是“最后一公里”，是农田得到有效灌溉和节水的最后一道工程保障体系。本文通过探讨千丰渠末级渠系建设典型渠道选择原则和选定条件，分析典型渠道设计规划中应注重的设计要素和建设内容，为同类灌区节水改造中末级渠系建设提供参考。     

实行农业灌溉末级渠系水价改革的探讨

近年来,国家不断加大对水利工程的投资力度,灌区骨干工程得到极大改善,但是末级渠系因缺乏投入,年久失修,配套率低,使水利工程的作用难以得到更大的发挥。水利部曾提出进行末级渠系水价改革,引入用水户协会做为主体来解决这一问题。本文就灌区末级渠系水价改革问题进行了调查研究,对于水价现状,末级渠系水价改革的背景和末级渠系水价的形成做了阐述,并对一些关键性问题如工程供水价格测算、末级渠系供水价格测算、终端水价计算、农民承受能力测算等进行了具体的论述,提出了建议。     

位山灌区末级渠系工程改造的必要性与有利条件

采用实测资料分析方法,首先介绍了位山灌区末级渠系工程的基本情况,提出了位山灌区末级渠系工程存在的主要问题。在此基础上,系统分析了位山灌区末级渠系工程改造的必要性,最后对位山灌区末级渠系工程改造的有利条件进行了初步的分析评价,为其他灌区实施末级渠系工程改造提供参考与借鉴。     

昌源河灌区灌溉现状及发展对策

介绍了昌源河灌区基本情况,分析了灌区灌溉发展现状及存在的问题,提出了对骨干渠系进行防渗与续改建配套、末级渠系进行节水改造,达到节约水资源的目的,提高水资源利用效率和效益,建设高效节水型灌区。     

兴电灌区末级渠系水价管理存在的问题及对策

末级渠系水价管理是灌区水价管理工作中的一个重要环节，规范末级渠系水价管理，对于加强灌区水费管理、加快水费改革进程具有重要作用。通过对兴电灌区末级渠系水价管理调查研究，分析了末级渠系水价管理中存在的问题．提出了今后灌区末级渠系水价管理的对策和建议。     

济阳县邢家渡灌区末级渠系改造建设情况与效益分析

济阳县邢家渡灌区是该县的大型引黄灌区,灌区经多年运行,末级渠系出现了较为严重的退化,灌排效益日益衰减。为了提高灌区节水效率、增强灌区管理水平、减轻农民负担、增加农民收入,该灌区对部分末级渠系实施了改造。在邢家渡灌区末级渠系改造工程建设、开展管理体制改革及节水效果监测的基础上,分析了末级渠系改造对农业节水的效益和减轻农民负担的途径,为引黄灌区末级渠系改造提供参考。     

桃曲坡水库灌区末级渠系体制改革探讨

灌区末级渠系是灌区实施灌溉抗旱工作的最终环节,也是灌区管理最为重要的一个环节,管理体系的健全和管理水平的好坏直接关系着灌区工程效益的正常发挥,关系着灌区的农业增产、农民增收和农村稳定工作.本文通过对桃曲坡灌区末级渠系改革有关问题的探讨,提出了灌区末级渠系今后的发展方向、组建方式和具体意见.     

LZY成型渠道防渗技术在三贯灌区的应用

详细介绍江西省于都县下栏水库三贯灌区应用的LZY成型渠道防渗技术．该技术取得较好的经济效益，赢得了用户好评．     

THE FLOW CONTROL IN CANAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

The canal flow control by the linear quadratic theory of automatic control theory is discussed in this paper. In the process of flow control,an optimal state estimator is used to feedback control gate motion. One dimension Saint-Venant flow equations are expanded by first Taylor series at demanded states. The control results of flow in the example canal show remarkable improvement compared to the case without optimal observer. By this control method, the waste of water will significantly be decreased and the efficiency of water transportation can be greatly increased. If the changes of flow discharges are less than 20%, the method is effective for flow control in canal.     

白云山灌区肖家渡槽化学修补总结

应用化学修补方法对薄壳渡槽普遍存在的伸缩缝漏水、槽壳露筋露网等病害进行治理．值得在工程中推广应用．     

URBANIZATION IMPAIRS SURFACE WATER QUALITY: EUTROPHICATION AND METAL STRESS IN THE GRAND CANAL OF CHINA

Rapid urbanization leads to degradations upon water quality via eutrophication and pollution, but there are a lack of studies on patterns of water quality change to urbanization by level or process. China has achieved the most rapid urbanization in the world within the past three decades, and its urban development is diverse at level. Nine towns and cities at various development levels along the historic Grand Canal (approximately 1500 years old) were selected to reveal direct linkages between surface water quality and extent of urbanization. Surface water quality in the urban sections of the Grand Canal was impaired by both eutrophic nitrogen and phosphorus and metals. Although metals mostly remained at concentrations permissible to the Chinese National Environmental Standard for Surface Water Quality (GB3838‐2002), the concentrations of metals in most urban canal water might impose an unacceptable effect on aquatic communities according to the Criterion Continuous Concentration from the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants (US EPA 2006). The loadings of metals in the urban canal were found relating to local industrial activities. The level of urbanization, in this study, was significantly related to water quality parameters in a descending order of electrical conductivity > nutrients > metals. This study suggests that significant mitigation strategies are required for the Grand Canal of China for a sustainable urbanization goal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江西省河道管理现状、存在的问题及对策

就江西省河道管理现状及存在的问题提出了相应的对策。     

锦惠渠灌溉供水改革初步设想

如何开展农业节水灌溉，提高水的利用系数，理顺水价体系，使水利工程管理单位转为良性循环，本文以锦惠渠工程为例，提出计量供水，按方收费的初步设想。     

预制砼U形渠防渗节水技术在灌区渠系配套中的推广应用

简述预制砼Ｕ形渠防渗节水技术，并介绍谝面技术在江苏省赣抚平原灌区推广应用的效果，提出了在推广应用中应注意的几个问题。     

STUDY AND APPLICATION OF STEADY FLOW AND UNSTEADY FLOW MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CHANNEL NETWORKS

Based on the Preissmann implicit scheme for the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation, the mathematical model for one-dimensional river networks and canal networks was developed and the key issues on the model were expatiated particularly in this article. This model applies the method of three-steps solution for channel-junction-channel to simulate the river networks, and the Gauss elimination method was used to calculate the sparse matrix. This model was applied to simulate the tree-type irrigation canal networks, complex looped channel networks and the Lower Columbia Slough networks. The results of water level and discharge agree with the data from the Adlul and field data. The model is proved to be robust for simulating unsteady flows in river networks with various degrees of complex structure. The calculated results show that this model is useful for engineering applications in complicated river networks. Future research was recommended to focus on setting up ecological numerical model of water quality in river networks and canal networks.     

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION OF ENDOLYMPH AND CUPULA IN THE LATERAL SEMICIRCULAR CANAL OF INNER EAR

The semicircular canals, composed of lateral, anterior and posterior canals in the inner ear, are the sensors of equilibrium during head rotation movements in the three-dimensional space. Semicircular canals are filled with endolymph confined by the cupula. The study of the relationship between endolymph flow and cupular deformation is important in revealing the semicircular canals biomechanical behavior. To date, there are few studies focusing on the transient endolymph flow and cupular deformation in response to a head rotation motion. The lateral semicircular canal is mainly responsible for the sense of the horizontal rotation movement. In order to figure out the intricate dynamics in the lateral semicircular canal during the head rotation motion, the time evolutions of both endolymph flow and cupular deformation are analyzed in this article by using a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction model. It is shown that the cupular deformation provides cues for understanding the physiology of sensing the head rotation.     

章惠渠坝基渗漏及灌浆处理效果分析

采用低压浓浆、间歇灌注、加入适量水玻璃加速凝固等灌浆方法，较好地处理了章惠渠坝基及坝肩强透水层的渗漏问题。