碳纳米管与三维石墨烯协同提高导热硅脂的热性能

以二甲基硅油为基础油,碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes, CNT)/三维石墨烯(3D graphene, 3D rGO)复合碳材料为导热填料制备导热硅脂。研究表明,仅以CNT为导热填料时,管径小而管长长的CNT更有利于改善硅脂热性能。当总导热填料量为6%, CNT/3D rGO复合碳材料中CNT和3D rGO质量比为3:1时,导热硅脂的热导率提高近26%。CNT的加入对3D rGO起到了分隔和桥连的作用,短而细的CNT更有利于三维热传导网络的形成,进而可提高导热硅脂的热传导性能。     

制备工艺对CNTs/EP复合材料性能的影响

采用溶液共混法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料,主要研究丙酮用量、混合方式、超声时间、CNTs含量等制备工艺对复合材料的热性能和导电性能的影响.通过用SEM、DSC,TGA以及万用表对复合材料进行分析表征,结果表明,丙酮的加入量越多,超声时间越长,CNTs/EP的复合材料的导电性越好,CNTs在复合材料中分散性也好,而随着CNTs含量增加,复合材料的导电性按照逾渗理论的规律提高,且逾渗闶值出现在0.5 0A～1%范围内.利用超声处理伴随着搅拌这种混合方式所得复合材料的导电性最好,加入碳纳米管的复合材料玻璃转化温度Tg和热稳定性能较纯EP有显著提高.     

Catalytic CVD Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Electric Heating Method

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were synthesized by the electric heating catalytic chemical deposition method(CCVD) using acetylene(C_2H_2) as the carbon source and nitrogen(N_2) as carrier gas,and nickel catalyst was loaded by electroplating.The electric heating method,as a new method,electrifies the carbon fiber directly by using its conductivity.The morphology and structure of CNTs were characterized by SEM and TEM,and the surface properties of carbon fibers before and after the growth of CNT were characterized by Raman spectroscopy.The experimental results show that the electric heating method is a new method to produce CNT,and can grow a large number of CNTs in a short time,the crystallization degree and surface average crystallite size of carbon fiber increased after the growth of CNT on it.In addition,electroplating loading catalyst can also be used as an ideal loading way,which can control the number,shape,and distribution of nickel particles by controlling the plating time.     

单井地热供暖关键因素分析

基于地热井内流体的流动换热方程以及岩石的能量方程,研究井直径、岩石导热系数、井深和地温梯度对采出水温度和采热功率的影响. 结果表明：单井采出水温度、采热功率和岩石温度场均随时间衰减,第1、10、20个供暖季对应的平均采热功率分别为755.01、660.02、639.42 kW,上述数据可用于热泵选型. 对于20 a的供暖期,当两井间距为200 m时不会产生热干扰;岩石导热热阻远大于井内对流热阻和井壁导热热阻,降低岩石的导热热阻是提高采热功率的最有效手段;增加井直径和岩石导热系数可以降低岩石导热热阻;岩石导热系数每增加0.5 W/（m·K）,采热功率增加100 kW;增加地温梯度和井深可以增大岩石和流体之间的传热温差,提高采热功率;地温梯度每增加10 K/km,采热功率增加213.54 kW.     

木材横纹有效导热系数的分形模型

提出了一个二维的分形模型来计算木材横纹有效导热系数.通过分析木材试样的扫描电镜照片，研究了木材横纹剖面的多孔结构特征，采用盒维数法计算了其分形维数.通过分析单一木材细胞的导热过程，采用热阻模拟方法分别推导了弦向和径向有效导热系数的表达式.实验得到各种木材的纤维多孔结构的分形维数约为1.4，由木材纤维孔隙率与分形维数的关系得到了有效导热系数随分形维数变化的表达式.利用分形模型对木材径向有效导热系数进行了计算，并与实验测量结果和文献中的数据进行了比较.结果表明，此分形模型可以对各种木材的横纹有效导热系数进行有效的预测，而且可以推广到不同含水率的情形.     

纳米填料对储能式散热器性能影响的数值研究

针对储能式电子器件散热器性能受相变材料较低导热能力限制的问题,采用添加高导热纳米填料的方法提高相变材料的表观导热系数,并对储能式散热器的性能提升潜力进行分析. 在短时大功率加热(热流密度为10 W/cm2)的条件下,对以二十烷为相变材料的储能式散热器在添加碳纳米管填料之后的工作过程(熔化和凝固传热)进行了三维数值模拟. 结果显示,由于相变材料表观导热系数的提高,散热器的性能随碳纳米管添加量的增加而提升,其提升程度与添加量呈近似线性相关| 当加入体积分数为10%的碳纳米管时,散热表面的最大温升相对于无碳纳米管的情形降低了8 ℃,散热器的等效总热阻则降低了14%,说明该方法是提高储能式散热器性能的有效途径．     

碳纳米管技术发展概况

综述了碳纳米管的发现及发展历史,碳纳米管的结构以及特性。比较了目前碳纳米管的主要制备方法．包括电弧放电法,激光烧蚀法和催化裂解法。从不同的角度论述了目前碳纳米管的研究热点,并阐述了我国在碳纳米管研究方面已经取得的具有世界影响的成就。     

A novel method to determine effective thermal conductivity of porous materials

1 Introduction Due to some unique structure and characteristics, the porous material behaves as afunctional material and is finding more and more applications in a variety of fields suchas aviation, chemistry and energy[1]. In such cases, the effective thermal conductivity ofthe porous materials is a vital parameter that dominates application performances. Gen-erally speaking, the effective thermal conductivity can be measured experimentally, butin some cases (for example the stuffing is l…     

Capacitive humidity sensing properties of carbon nanotubes grown on silicon nanoporous pillar array

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) by thermal chemical vapor deposition method, and the structural and capacitive humidity sensing properties of CNT/Si-NPA were studied. It was found that with the relative humidity (RH) changing from 11% to 95%, a device re-sponse of ~480% was achieved at the frequency of 50000 Hz, and a linear device response curve could be obtained by adopting longitudinal logarithmic coordinate. The response/recovery times were measured to be ~20 s and ~10 s, respectively, which indicated a rather fast response/recovery rate. The adsorption-desorption dynamic cycle experiments demonstrated the high measurement reproducibility of CNT/Si-NPA sensors. These excellent performances were attributed to the unique surface structure, morphology and chemical inertness of CNT/Si-NPA.     

碳纳米管受介电泳作用三维运动仿真

利用溶于介电液中的碳纳米管在外加交变电场作用下极化产生介电泳力和液体粘滞阻力的共同作用,建立了碳纳米管受力和运动模型;对碳纳米管的运动过程进行了仿真,得到了碳纳米管从特定初始点开始的三维运动轨迹和可以实现组装的碳纳米管初始点分布区域.计算了碳纳米管运动过程中所受介电泳力和速度的变化规律,距离电极间隙越近,碳纳米管受力和速度越大,最大分别能达到10^-9 N和10⁵μm/s的数量级.仿真结果为碳纳米管介电电泳组装提供指导.     

Optimizing electrophoretic deposition conditions for enhancement in electrical conductivity of carbon fiber/carbon nanotube/epoxy hybrid composites

The effectiveness of optimizing electrical conductivity of carbon fiber/carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy hybrid composites via Taguchi method was demonstrated.CNTs were induced on carbon fabric by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique.The essential deposition parameters were identified as 1) the deposition time,2) the deposition voltage,3) the mass fraction of CNTs in suspension,and 4) the distance between the electrodes.An experimental design was then performed to establish the appropriate levels for each factor.An orthogonal array of L9 (34) was designed to conduct the experiments.Electrical conductivity results were collected as the response.The relative influences of design parameters on the response were discussed.Using the model,signal to noise (S/N) ratio and response characteristics for the optimized deposition parameter combination were predicted.The results show clearly that the optimum condition of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process improves the electrical conductivity of carbon/epoxy hybrid composites.     

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by molybdenum-coated carbon nanotubes

To extend the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and explore novel aluminum matrix composites,CNTs were coated by molybdenum layers using metal organic chemical vapor deposition,and then Mo-coated CNT (Mo-CNT)/Al composites were prepared by the combination processes of powder mixing and spark plasma sintering.The influences of powder mixing and Mo-CNT content on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated.The results show that magnetic stirring is better tha...     

碳纳米管填料对相变储能式热沉性能的影响

为了评估纳米复合相变材料在相变储能式热管理技术中的应用潜力,采用实验方法研究碳纳米管填料对相变储能式电子器件热沉瞬态性能的影响.选用十六醇为基底相变材料,以多壁碳纳米管为填料制备了不同质量分数（0.3%、1%和3%）的纳米复合相变材料,对复合相变材料的关键热物性进行表征.在短时较高热流密度（高达7.0 W/cm2）加热条件下,比较热沉（分为有翅片和无翅片2种结构）的瞬态性能随纳米复合相变材料中碳纳米管质量分数的变化规律.实验结果表明,在添加了碳纳米管填料之后热沉的性能较采用纯十六醇的工况有所削弱.虽然加入碳纳米管后纳米复合相变材料的导热系数有所提升,但黏度的急剧增加极大地削弱了熔化过程中的自然对流效应,从而抵消了导热强化所带来的性能提升.     

Growth of graphite film over the tops of vertical carbon nanotubes using Ni/Ti/Si substrate

A substrate with Ni/Ti/Si structure was used to grow vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a graphite film over CNT tops by thermal chemical vapor deposition with CH4 gas as carbon source.The carbon nanotubes and the substrate were character-ized by a field emission scanning electron microscope for the morphologies,a transmission electron microscope for the microstruc-tures,a Raman spectrograph for the crystallinity,and an Auger electron spectrometer for the depth distribution of elements.The re-sult shows that when the thickness ratio of Ni layer to Ti layer in substrate is about i,a graphite film with relatively good quality canbe formed on the CNT tops.     

Growth of Ag nanocrystals on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and Ag-carbon nanotube interaction

The experimental investigations on the interaction between Ag-nanocrystal particles (Ag-NCPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in Ag-nanocrystal particles/carbon nanotubes (Ag-NCPs/CNTs) hybrid structures were reported. The growth of Ag-NCPs on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was carried out by thermal evaporation deposition. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that Ag-NCPs had the crystal lattice feature of face-centered cube (fcc). The growth of Ag-NCPs on MWCNTs induced the cross-section deformation of MWCNT. The experimental results also showed that the synthesized Ag-NCPs/CNTs hybrid structure appeared as quasi-one dimensional nanowires containing the Ag-NCP/CNT hetero-junction. There was local cross-section deformation on MWCNTs at the interface of hetero-junction. These results involve the important topic about fundamental and practical studies for structure of MNCPs on CNTs and also find clues to further research of Ag nanocrystal growing on MWCNTs and related Ag-CNT interaction.     

Oxidation behavior of CNTs and the electric double layer capacitor made of the CNT electrodes

Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) have been widely used because they have large capacitance, and are free of maintenance and free from toxic materials. After NEC corporation developed activated carbon/carbon super capacitor, they are expected to be applied to electric vehicles[1]. A unit of EDLCs is based on the double layer capacitance at solid/solution interface of high surface material. As in the case with a traditional electrolytic capacitor, the electrical energy is stored thro…     

孔隙率对Al2O3高孔隙率多孔介质EHC的影响

新型多孔介质燃烧技术主要采用泡沫陶瓷 ( Ceramic Foams)、波纹状陶瓷 ( Fabric LamellaStructure)等高孔隙率多孔介质。基于气、固相局部热平衡假设的有效导热系数 EHC( EffectiveHeat Conductivity)描述了气流与固体骨架中导热、弥散和热辐射多种传热方式的综合效果 ,是一个重要的传热特性 ,对其研究非常不足。通过实验与数值模拟确定不同孔隙率 Al2 O3 陶瓷的 EHC:基于测定的温度分布 ,给定 EHC的初值 ,采用有限体积法进行流场数值模拟 ;比较测量与计算的温度均方根差 ,通过对 EHC搜索寻优 ,间接确定泡沫陶瓷的有效导热系数。结果表明 Al2 O3 陶瓷的EHC随温度增加而增加 ,对速度不敏感 ;孔隙率高的陶瓷其 EHC较大。给出试样 EHC与温度和空管速度的拟合式 ;将颗粒床 EHC的 Z&B模型外推到 Al2 O3 高孔隙率陶瓷 ,并给出 EHC预示结果     

Determination of effective thermal conductivity for polyurethane foam by use of fractal method

1 Introduction Polyurethane foam is a good thermal insulation material widely used in daily life and many industries, such as chemical engineering, refrigeration and architecture owing to its very low thermal conductivity and lightweight. In the past two decades, the technology and chemistry of the rigid urethane foam have been developed to an industrial level, but its thermal conductivity, which is recognized as the most important parameter to design the insulation structure, cannot be calcul…     

蜡沉积物有效导热系数对管道传热特性的影响

蜡沉积物有效导热系数的确定是蜡沉积传热计算中的重要内容。在分析非均质二元混合物有效导热系数计算方法的基础上,确定了适合计算蜡沉积物有效导热系数的模型,对比分析了不同蜡沉积物有效导热系数计算方法对管道传热特性的影响。结果表明,蜡沉积物有效导热系数随着沉积物中蜡质量分数的增加而变大;同一蜡质量分数下,并联模型计算的有效导热系数值最大,其次分别为ME2模型、EMT模型以及串联模型,ME2模型和EMT模型的计算结果较为接近;EMT模型的假设条件与实际蜡沉积物的结构分布相似,因此推荐使用EMT模型计算蜡沉积物有效导热系数;EMT模型和M关联式计算所得的管段沿线温度非常接近,EMT模型所得的管道径向温度梯度高于M关联式的计算结果;总体来看,EMT模型和M关联式所得的管道传热计算结果差异较小,但M关联式应用较为方便,具有一定的优势。     

MA-SEBS对超高分子量聚乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料结晶和熔融行为的影响

以马来酸酐接枝SEBS (MA-SEBS)作相容剂,采用溶液共混的方法制备超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料.熔融结晶的UHMWPE/CNT复合材料是将其熔体以20℃/分的速率降温结晶而成.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了以不同方式结晶制备的UHMWPE/CNT复合材料的结晶和熔融行为.结果表明UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相在溶液态结晶比在熔融态结晶形成的晶片厚,因而表现出更高的熔点(Tm)和结晶度(Xc).随着CNTs含量增加,UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相的结晶温度(Tc)趋于提高.而且MA-SEBS的加入降低了UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相的Tm 和 Tc. 此外UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相的结晶速率随CNTs的引入而提高; MA-SEBS起相容剂的作用,改善了CNTs在UHMWPE基体中的分散性,使UHMWPE相的结晶速率进一步提高.