放电等离子合成Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结方法研究了Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料的制备和不同TiB2含量(体积百分数)对Ti3AlC2/TiB2性能的影响.研究表明,在1 250℃,30 MPa压力和保温8 min条件下烧结,可以得到相对密度达98%以上的致密Ti3AlC2/TiB2块体材料;在Ti3AlC2中添加TiB2能大幅度提高材料的硬度;Ti3AlC2/TiB2维氏硬度达到10.39 GPa,电导率达到3.7×106 S·m-1当TiB2含量为10%时,抗弯强度为696 MPa,断裂韧性为6.6 MPa·m1/2,但当TiB2含量继续增加时,由于TiB2的团聚和TiB2抑制Ti3AlC2晶体的生长导致了材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性的下降.     

Ti_2AlC/Al_2O_3复合材料的原位合成及其力学性能

以Ti、TiC、Al和TiO2为原料,通过原位热压反应烧结法在1 350℃合成Ti2AlC/Al2O3复合材料。利用XRD详细研究了其反应过程,并分析了Al2O3对材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,该体系在热压过程中的反应分多步进行,主要包括Ti粉与Al粉反应生成Ti-Al金属间化合物,TiO2与Al反应生成Al2O3以及Ti-Al金属间化合物与TiC反应生成Ti2AlC材料。原位反应生成的Al2O3均匀分布在Ti2AlC晶界上,抑制了Ti2A1C晶体的异常生长,从而使基体相Ti2AlC晶粒细小、均匀。力学性能测试表明Ti2AlC/12%(质量分数)Al2O3复合材料的硬度、抗压强度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性较Ti2AlC单相材料分别提高了66%,126%,130%和19.3%,并分析了其改性机理。     

热压反应烧结法制备Al_2O_3/Ti_2AlC复合材料及其微观结构和性能

以Ti、Al和活性炭粉为原料,通过高能球磨及热压反应烧结法在1200℃合成Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料,即是在Ti2AlC层状材料的制备过程中同时被合成。研究了烧结温度对反应产物的影响,并重点分析了材料微观结构和性能的关系。结果表明:高能球磨使Ti2AlC的烧结温度降低,热压烧结在1200℃时得到了物相比较均匀、致密的Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料;同时分析材料微观结构,少量Al2O3的引入抑制了Ti2A1C晶体的异常长大,使得晶粒细小且均匀。力学性能测试表明,该材料室温抗弯强度可达275.4MPa,断裂韧度可达10.5MPa.m1/2,密度为4.2g/cm3。     

新型Ti_3AlC_2-Al_2O_3/TiAl_3复合材料的组织结构与性能

利用Al-TiO2-TiC体系,通过机械球磨和反应热压制备出Ti3AlC2与Al2O3两相原位内生成增强TiAl3金属基复合材料。借助DSC、XRD、SEM和TEM研究了复合材料的反应机制、显微组织、力学性能及抗氧化性能。结果表明,球磨50h后的复合粉末经1 250℃/50 MPa保温10min烧结后可得到组织均匀细小且致密的Ti3AlC2-Al2O3/TiAl3复合材料,其密度、维氏硬度、室温三点弯曲强度、断裂韧性及压缩强度分别为3.8g/cm3、8.4GPa、658.9 MPa、7.9 MPa·m1/2和1 742.0 MPa,1 000℃的高温压缩强度为604.1 MPa。Ti3AlC2-Al2O3/TiAl3复合材料的增韧机制主要包括Ti3AlC2和Al2O3颗粒的剥离、Ti3AlC2相导致的裂纹偏转和桥接以及Ti3AlC2颗粒的变形及层裂。Ti3AlC2-Al2O3/TiAl3复合材料在700~1 000℃温度区间内生成的氧化层虽不致密,但仍表现出优异的抗高温循环氧化性能。     

MoS2/Ti3SiC2层状复合材料的制备

采用热压烧结方法制备MoS2/Ti3SiC2(MoS2质量分数为2%)的层状复合材料.研究了不同烧结温度对烧结试样性能的影响.研究表明,在1 400℃,30 MPa压力和保温2 h条件下,可以得到致密度达99%以上的MoS2/Ti3SiC2复合材料;在Ti3SiC2中添加MoS2后,烧结温度越高维氏硬度越大;在1 400℃,烧结试样维氏硬度达6 220 MPa,高于纯Ti3SiC2材料的4 000 MPa;MoS2有良好的导电性能,使得烧结试样的电导率比较高,在1 400℃,烧结试样电导率达9.68×106 S·m-1,是纯Ti3SiC2材料的2倍.     

分步法制备MoS2/Ti3SiC2层状复合材料

研究了采用分步法制备MoS2/Ti3SiC2层状复合材料的工艺,其制备过程分2步进行.首先制备Ti3SiC2高纯粉,再在1 400℃,30 MPa条件下热压烧结制备MoS2/Ti3SiC2层状复合材料.其MoS2含量分别为2%,4%,6%,8%(w/%).用XRD分析比较4种不同MoS2含量的烧结试样的相组成,并测试维氏硬度和电导率.实验结果表明,当MoS2含量为4%时,MoS2/Ti3SiC2烧结试样的硬度达到7.83 GPa,且电导率达到10.05×106 S·m-1.MoS2含量再增加时,烧结试样的硬度有所增大,但电导率有所下降.     

三元层状陶瓷Ti3AlC2的研究进展

三元层状陶瓷Ti3AlC2由于兼具金属与陶瓷的优异性能,吸引了材料工作者的广泛关注.Ti3AlC2具有较低的维氏硬度,高熔点,高弯曲强度、杨氏模量和剪切模量,优良的导电导热性,自润滑性及良好的抗氧化、耐腐蚀性.综述了近年来三元层状陶瓷Ti3AlC2的制备技术及性能的研究进展,分析了Ti3AlC2的反应机理,并展望了Ti3AlC2材料的应用前景.     

掺Si对热压合成Ti2AlC/Ti3AlC2的影响及理论分析

采用热压工艺以Ti、Al、Si元素粉和活性炭为原料,分别以2.0Ti/1.1Al/1.0C(摩尔比)及以0.1和0.2mol的Si取代Al,合成了Ti2AlC/Ti3AlC2块体材料.通过建立Ti2AlC、Ti3AlC2和掺Si的计算模型,计算了平均原子净电荷和平均共价键键级.结果表明:以元素粉2.0Ti/1.1Al/1.0C为原料在1450℃热压60min合成只含有非常少量Ti3AlC2的Ti2AlC材料;当Si取代Al达到0.2mol时,作用非常明显,表现为使同一温度下Ti3AlC2含量增加而Ti2AlC含量减少.另外,应用掺Si后对原子净电荷和共价键键级的影响解释了实验结果.     

Ti/Al2O3复合材料性能研究

本文利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了致密的Ti/Al2O3复合材料.实验结果表明,60vol%Al2O3和80vol%Al2O3的Ti/Al2O3复合材料,界面处生成少量的TiAl,使得Ti与Al2O3间的界面能大于其单个晶粒的界面能,复合材料性能随Ti含量的增加而增大;40vol%Al2O3和20vol%Al2O3的Ti/Al2O3复合材料,界面处生成脆性的Ti3Al相,使得Ti与Al2O3间的界面能小于各自晶粒的界面能,材料的性能随Ti含量的增加而降低,同时断裂的模式也发生改变,由穿晶断裂为主转变为沿晶断裂,脆性的Ti3Al相是Ti/Al2O3复合材料力学性能降低的主要原因.     

放电等离子合成Ti3AlC2-TiB2复合材料的相形成研究

采用放电等离子烧结工艺,以Ti,Al,B4C,Tic为原料制备Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料.通过X射线衍射分析了从600℃到1 300℃Ti3AlC2/TiB2系统反应过程的相形成规律.用扫描电镜观察了不同温度下试样的显微组织演变.结果表明,在900℃之前,主要的反应是Ti和AJ反应生成Ti-A1金属问化合物,900℃之后,Ti-Al金属问化合物与TiC逐渐生成Ti3AlC2和TiB2相,形成致密Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料.     

Thermodynamic properties of seven gaseous halogenated hydrocarbons from acoustic measurements: CHClFCF3, CHF2 CF3, CF3 CH3, CHF2CH3, CF3CHFCHF2, CF3CH2CF3, and CHF2CF2CH2F

Measurements of the speed of sound in seven halogenated hydrocarbons are presented. The compounds in this study are 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CHClFCF₃ or HCFC-124), pentafluoroethane (CHF₂ CF₃ or HFC-125), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CF₃CH₃ or HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (CHF₂CH₃ or HFC-152a), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF₃CHFCHF₂ or HFC-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF₃CH₂CF₃ or HFC-236fa), and 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (CHF₂CF₂CH₂F or HFC-245ca). The measurements were performed with a cylindrical resonator at temperatures between 240 and 400 K and at pressures up to 1.0 MPa. Ideal-gas heat capacities and acoustic virial coefficients were directly deduced from the data. The ideal-gas heat capacity of HFC-125 from this work differs from spectroscopic calculations by less than 0.2% over the measurement range. The coefficients for virial equations of state were obtained from the acoustic data and hard-core square-well intermolecular potentials. Gas densities that were calculated from the virial equations of state for HCFC-124 and HFC-125 differ from independent density measurements by at most 0.15%, for the ranges of temperature and pressure over which both acoustic and Burnett data exist. The uncertainties in the derived properties for the other five compounds are comparable to those for HCFC-124 and HFC-125.     

Microstructure and Strength of Al2O3/Al2O3 Joints Bonded with ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic

ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 （ZABS） glass powder was used as interlayer to join alumina ceramics. The effect of joining temperature on the microstructure and strength of joints was investigated. The results showed that the ZABS glass can react with alumina substrate to form a layer of ZnAl2O4 at Al2O3/glass interface. Bending test exhibited that low joining temperature （1150℃） led to low joint strength due to the formation of pores in the interlayer, originated by high viscosity of the glass. High joining temperature （1250 ℃） also resulted in low joint strength, because of large CTE （coefficient of thermal expansion） mismatch between amorphous interlayer and alumina substrate. Therefore, only when the joining temperature was appropriate （1200℃）, defect-free interface and high joint strength can be obtained. The optimum joint strength reached 285 MPa, which was the same as the base material strength.     

Calculation of the Quasiternary Systems:Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-SiO_2,Y_2O_3-SiO_2-BeO and Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3-BeO

Based on the thermodynamic model of Kaufman for the calculation of quasibinary and quasiternary system, numerical method for the calculation of stable equilibrium is developed and thermodynamic data of undefined phases are discussed in this work for several ceramic systems.The calculated isothermal sections in Si3N4-Y2O3-SiO2 system meet well with other previous calculated phase diagrams and experimental results. The diagrams in Y2O3-SiO2-BeO and Y2O3-Al2O3-BeO systems are calculated for the approach of prediction.     

Plasma spraying of Al2O3 and Al2O3Y2O3

A microstructural study has been carried out of plasma-sprayed Al₂O₃ and mixed and sintered Al₂O₃Y₂O₃. In order to ascertain the degree of metastability achieved by plasma spraying, these results are compared with a similar experiment utilizing a CO₂ laser for melting and the hammer-and-anvil technique for quenching of the same materials. X-ray diffraction methods were used to determine the obtained phases and crystal structures. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the phases present and to study their morpology. The porosity was studied with both mercury intrusion porosimetry and small angle neutron scattering. The addition of Y₂O₃ is shown to decrease the porosity from 15% to 7.5%. Adhesion is likewise related to the addition of Y₂O₃ and it is seen that adhesion of the mixture is measurably improved over that of pure Al₂O₃. The implication of these results is discussed.     

溶胶凝胶法制备Er3+-Yb3+共掺纳米SiO2粉

利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Er2O3-Yb2O3-SiO2纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)粉。Er3 和Yb3 直接加入有机酸催化的TEOS反应溶液中,凝胶后经过700~900℃,得到Er3 -Yb3 共掺纳米SiO2粉。样品经过红外光谱、XRD、TEM等分析,结果表明,纳米粉的粒径受有机酸比例和处理温度的影响。在室温PL谱上,样品可观察到较强的1530nm荧光,同时镱的引入对掺铒SiO2纳米粉在1.54μm的荧光发射有增强作用。     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O     

Subsolidus,high temperature phase relations in the systems Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2, MgO-Cr2O3-ZrO2 and MgO-Al2O3-ZrO2

In the temperature range 1600 to 1900° C, the system A₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-ZrO₂ is characterized by the coexistence of ZrO₂ (unstablilized) and an (Al, Cr)₂O₃ solid solution series. In the systems MgO-Cr₂O₃-ZrO₂ and MgO-Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ a nearly stoichiometric spinel coexists with both stabilized and unstabilized ZrO₂. At temperatures above 1600°C a new ternary Mg-Al-Zr oxide becomes stable in the MgO-rich part of the MgO-Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ system.