复合型甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂配方的筛选

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒是甜菜夜蛾的一种重要病原微生物,仅对甜菜夜蛾有特效,为了进一步扩大其杀虫谱窄,文章开展了复合型甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂配方的研究。从多种生物源药剂中,筛选得到了对甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒具有较强增效作用药剂-虫酰肼。并采用等效线法获得了两者的最佳配比为15∶2,为联合应用这两种药剂开发新型生物杀虫剂提供了参考。     

我国桃蚜生物防治技术研究进展

对桃蚜的生物防治技术及防治策略等方面的研究情况进行了综述,系统评价了天敌昆虫、昆虫病原微生物、植物次生物质等在生物防治桃蚜中的作用,并提出了桃蚜的生物防治策略,为生产上有效防治桃蚜提供了较为全面的指导。     

甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、粘虫和苜蓿夜蛾的活性研究

甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、粘虫和苜蓿夜蛾的致死中浓度分别为0．384、0．048、0．073和1．238μg/g。甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜 夜蛾、棉铃虫和粘虫的杀虫活力明显高于阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和辛硫磷。甲胺基阿维菌素对棉铃虫的毒力高于粘虫，对上述两害虫的毒力又明显高于甜菜夜蛾和苜蓿夜蛾。甲胺基阿维菌素是防治甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫和粘虫高效的药剂，但不适合用于防治苜蓿夜蛾。     

5种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的防治效果

甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾是长江流域菜区近年来发生较严重的害虫之一，其寄主范围广，幼虫世代重叠严重，生活习性昼伏夜出，大龄幼虫抗药性增强，均给防治工作带来了很大的困难。选择高效、低毒、低残留的农药是无公害蔬菜生产的必备条件，为此，进行了苏特灵等5种杀虫剂防治甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的田间药效试验，取得了很好的效果。     

双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂的作用机理及对甜菜夜蛾的防治现状简述

双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂是一类模拟蜕皮激素功能的杀虫剂。对双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂的发展概况和作用机理进行概述,简述了甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)对该类杀虫剂的抗性现状,并对甜菜夜蛾的抗药性机理进行探讨,以期为双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂高效利用及甜菜夜蛾的综合防治提供理论指导。     

10%除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的小菜蛾

１９９８年对１０％除尽悬浮液防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾进行田间试验结果表明,１０％除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的效果好于防治小菜蛾,以１５００倍的使用剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾,３天后田间防效分别为９５．５３％和８５．４９％。建议大田可使用１５００倍剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和使用１０００倍剂量防治小菜蛾。     

10%除尽防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾

１９９８ 年对１０ ％ 除尽悬浮液防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾进行田间试验结果表明,１０ ％ 除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的效果好于防治小菜蛾,以１５００ 倍的使用剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾,３ 天后田间防效分别为９５５３ ％ 和８５４９ ％ 。建议大田可使用１５００ 倍剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和使用１０００ 倍剂量防治小菜蛾     

几种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的防效

近年来,甜菜夜蛾( Spodotera exigua Hubner)在全国部分地区发生逐渐加重,已上升为多种作物的重要害虫[1～3].该虫是一种间歇性暴发害虫,在河南部分地区1994年大豆田大发生,1997年大葱普遍遭其危害[4,5],1999年在豫东、豫北等地大发生,严重危害玉米、大豆、棉花、花生、红薯、大葱、辣椒、桃树、甘蓝、白菜等作物,发生面积约达178万公顷.目前对甜菜夜蛾的防治仍以化学防治为主,但因此虫易产生抗药性,使其防治极为困难[6～8],筛选、引进、复配出高效、低毒控制甜菜夜蛾的杀虫剂是生产上迫切需要解决的问题,为此,我们对目前防治甜菜夜蛾的常用农药进行室内、田间药效试验,并研制出了防治甜菜夜蛾的复配制剂,现将结果报道如下:     

7种药剂防治花菜田甜菜夜蛾的效果评价

甜菜夜蛾是经济作物上主要害虫之一,其暴发危害性和对多种药剂的抗药性增加了监测和防治的难度,成为生产中一大威胁。加强害虫监测和不断筛选新型高效药种是提高防治效果的关键。2004年,我们在花菜田4代甜菜夜蛾的蛾卵盛发期内,对7种药剂防治甜菜夜蛾的药效进行了比较试验。1材     

甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐防治甜菜夜蛾效果试验

甜菜夜蛾是一种分布广、食性杂的害虫,自80年代初以来,间歇性暴发,由于甜菜夜蛾对拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类农药有很高的抗性,防治问题已成为我市菜区的一大生产难题,因此,我们于2000年引进1%甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油防治十字花科蔬菜甜菜夜蛾的田间药效试验工作,取得了很好的效果。     

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对主要害虫药效概述

本文介绍了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾、菜青虫、棉铃虫等害虫的防治效果。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是所有试验的杀虫剂中对甜菜夜蛾杀虫活性最高的。     

氯化歧化松香基铜盐的合成与杀虫活性研究

以歧化松香为原料,经氯化和铜盐化反应,合成目标产物氯化歧化松香基铜盐,探求反应的最佳工艺条件;研究所得产品杀虫的性能,结果表明该产物对农业害虫甜菜夜蛾具有良好的防治效果。     

三氟甲吡醚的合成与杀虫活性

以对苯二酚和1,1,1,3-四氯丙烷为起始原料,经4步反应合成了三氟甲吡醚,目标化合物的结构经1H NMR确证。杀虫活性测试结果表明,三氟甲吡醚对小菜蛾(Plutella xyllostella)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)及粘虫(Mythimna separate)具有优异的杀虫活性,其中在2.5 mg/L浓度下对甜菜夜蛾的防效为100%。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago truncatula</Emphasis> Oleanolic-Derived Saponins Are Correlated with Caterpillar Deterrence

Plant resistance mechanisms to insect herbivory can potentially be bred into crops as an important strategy for integrated pest management. Medicago truncatula ecotypes inoculated with the rhizobium Ensifer medicae (Sinorhizobium medica) WSM419 were screened for resistance to herbivory by caterpillars of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, through leaf and whole plant choice studies; TN1.11 and F83005.5 are identified as the least and most deterrent ecotypes, respectively. In response to caterpillar herbivory, both ecotypes mount a robust burst of plant defensive jasmonate phytohormones. Restriction of caterpillars to either of these ecotypes does not adversely affect pest performance. This argues for an antixenosis (deterrence) resistance mechanism associated with the F83005.5 ecotype. Unbiased metabolomic profiling identified strong ecotype-specific differences in metabolite profile, particularly in the content of oleanolic-derived saponins that may act as antifeedants. Compared to the more susceptible ecotype, F83005.5 has higher levels of oleanolic-type zanhic acid- and medicagenic acid-derived compounds. Together, these data support saponin-mediated deterrence as a resistance mechanism of the F83005.5 ecotype and implicates these compounds as potential antifeedants that could be used in agricultural sustainable pest management strategies.     

Spodoptera exigua Oviposition and Larval Feeding Preferences for Pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus, over Squaring Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, and a Comparison of Free Amino Acids in Each Host Plant

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), can utilize a number of different host plants for oviposition and larval development, but some host plants are preferred over others. This study, using cage choice tests and olfactometer assays, demonstrates the beet armyworm's preference for pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L., over cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Cage and olfactometer choice assays indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host selection by ovipositing females. First instars exhibited no feeding preference, but the more mobile third instars showed a significant feeding preference for excised pigweed leaves. The higher quantities and more diverse accumulations of free amino acids in pigweed might, in conjunction with other physiochemical and mechanical attractant and deterrent factors in the two-plant species system, play roles in the tendency of the beet armyworm to select pigweed over cotton and in providing a superior array of easily absorbed amino acids as compared to cotton.     

5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾药效试验

对5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾进行了田间药效试验.结果表明,当5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂的使用剂量为30 mL/667 m2、35 mL/667 m2和40 mL/667 m2时,施药后ld对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾的防效分别达65.42％、69.97％和72.83％;施药后3d分别为68.71％、72.34％和80.16％;施药后7d分别为72.02％、76.29％和84.06％.5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂在试验剂量下对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾防效高,对作物安全.     

氟铃脲活性与应用研究

氟铃脲为新型酰基脲类杀虫剂，室内研究表明其有较高的杀幼虫活性和杀卵活性，并有抑制取食作用，在田间进行了防治多种害虫的小区药效试验，在所设剂量下，可以控制害虫为害，对天敌有一定的选择保护作用，从害虫抗性治理，减少用药污染的角度看，氟铃脲具有很好的开发前景和应用价值。     

绿色环保植物源溶剂OD-1在农药乳油配方中的应用研究

研究了环保溶剂OD-1的应用对2%甲维盐乳油的稳定性影响和增效作用。分别以室内饲养的小菜蛾和甜菜夜蛾为试虫,比较了应用不同溶剂的2%甲维盐乳油的防效。结果以OD-1为溶剂的2%甲维盐乳油的防效达100%,比市售以苯类作为溶剂的甲维盐乳油防效高。     

Pea Aphids, Acyrthosiphon Pisum, Suppress Induced Plant Volatiles in Broad Bean, Vicia Faba

Plants defend themselves against herbivory through several means, including the production of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs benefit plants by attracting natural enemies of their herbivores. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is able to feed on its host plant, Vicia faba, without inducing detectable changes in plant VOC emission. Levels of VOCs emission are not significantly different between control plants and those fed upon by aphids for up to 5 days. Using a second herbivore, the beet armyworm caterpillar, Spodoptera exigua, we demonstrate that several expected caterpillar-induced VOCs are reduced when co-infested with pea aphids, thus demonstrating that pea aphids have the ability to inhibit the release of certain VOCs. This study shows, for the first time, that aphids not only avoid triggering plant volatile emission, but also can actively inhibit herbivore-induced volatiles.