气升式环流反应器流动特性的数值模拟

应用Fluent计算流体力学软件,通过数值模拟的方法考察了气升式环流反应器内导流简直径、导流筒高度、导流筒安装高度以及液相进口速度对反应器内两相流动的影响。计算结果表明：导流简直径增大。液相循环量和上升段气含率均增大;导流筒高度增大,液相循环速度和循环量均增大,但是当导流筒的高径比增加到6．3后,液相循环速度和循环量反而减小;导流筒安装高度增加．液相循环速度及循环量均增大,升液管气含率降低;增加液相的进口速度,虽然上升段的液速有所增加,但是降液管循环液速及循环量基本不受影响。最后计算了反应器内液相速度随进口气速的变化情况,并与实际测量值进行了比较,模拟值和测氨值都表明随着进口气速的增加,液相循环速度随着进口气速的增加而增加．两者呈现良好的一致性。     

气升式三相内环流反应器中相含率的研究

在一个6．36L的气升式内环流反应器中,以空气-NaCl水溶液-K树脂为实验体系,在导流筒内的表观气速为1．21～7．28cm·s^-1时,考察了平均气含率、平均固含率随表观气速的变化规律,研究了转向面积比、NaCl水溶液浓度与平均气含率之间的关系。在均匀鼓泡流区域用模型方程Eg=aUgb来关联平均气含率,其中模型参数6=0．766,a与转向面积比、NaCl水溶液浓度关系为a=3．45×10^-5＋0．0146（Sb／Sr）0．0185＋1．35W。     

强制浆液外循环三相气升式内环流反应器的气含率特性

在有机玻璃制成的组合反应器(φ0.284×3.0 m)内,采用空气、水和玻璃微珠(密度为2420 kg/m3和平均粒径为5.92×10-4 m)的气液固三相体系考察了不同表观气速下环流反应器内不同流动区域的径向局部气含率和内、外环轴向平均气含率分布特性.局部气含率采用电导探针法测定,轴向平均气含率由局部气含率的截面积分得出.结果表明气含率均随表观气速的增大而增大;外环循环流入内环的气泡量少;在相同条件下外环的气含率远远低于内环的气含率.浆液外循环的引入和新型气体分布器的采用可以增大导流筒内气体与浆液两相的接触面积和湍动强度,从而使传递过程得到了强化.     

螺旋气升式内环流反应器流动特性

以水和空气两相系统为研究对象,建立螺旋气升式内环流反应器冷模实验装置,采用压差法测定导流筒升流区气含率,用电导法分别实测了升流区液相速度和反应器混合时间,研究螺旋气升式内环流反应器的流动特性,并与传统气升式内环流反应器的流动特性进行对比研究。结果表明,加螺环后反应器气含率明显增加,平均增幅为20%,升流区液相表观速度减小,混合时间增加。     

大颗粒三相环隙气升式环流反应器流体力学行为

研究了大颗粒体系气升式环流反应器的流体力学行为,考察了表观气速和颗粒质量分数对床层膨胀高度、循环液速和固含率分布的影响。实验结果表明,按颗粒的运动状态不同可以将反应器内的流动分为3个区域,即固定床区域、膨胀床区域和循环床区域,各流动区域内的流动行为存在显著差异。随着颗粒质量浓度的增大,起始流化气速和最小循环气速均显著增大。基于三相流化床的流化模型和环流反应器的特点建立了相应的数学模型,对大颗粒三相气升式环流反应器的起始流化气速和最小循环气速进行了预测,模型预测值与实验测量值吻合良好。     

三相多室气升式环流反应器气含率的研究

在1个4流道的三相多室气升式环流反应器中,以空气-水-K树脂为体系,采用压差法测量气含率,考察了上升室气体表观速率、固体装载量对上升室与下降室气含率的影响.结果表明:上升室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加而增加,而随着另一上升室气体表观速率增加而略有降低;下降室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加呈现3种变化趋势,而随着另...     

导流管结构对三相环流反应器相含率的影响

本文阐述了分别在三套内环流反应器内,采用空气—水—石英砂三相物系,导流管外径依次取为75mm和60mm,导流管底隙高度为17mm和30mm.研究了在一定的固相质量分数及初始静液高度下,导流管内局部相含率与表观气速的随动关系以及在固定操作气速下相含率在导流管内的轴向分布情况.经装置间平行比对得出:采用75mm外径的导流管...     

旋流气升式环流反应器的局部气、固含率研究

新开发的有机玻璃制成的旋流气升式环流反应器高为2m、内径75mm,内部的导流筒(材料为PVC)高1.5m、内径30mm、壁厚1mm且装有10组扇形翅片。以空气-水为两相物系、空气-水-K树脂为三相物系,常温常压下,利用直接取样法和压差法测量了上升区局部的气含率、固含率,研究了不同底部间隙、不同固体装填体积分数下表观气速和轴向高度对上升区气含率、固含率的影响规律。结果表明:在均匀鼓泡流时上升区气含率随着表观气速的增大而增大,随着固体装载量的增加而下降;在非均匀鼓泡流时,三相物系的气含率高于两相物系的气含率。随着上升区轴向高度的增大,上升区局部气含率变化不大;底部间隙越大,气含率越小。在轴向高度较低时上升区固含率随着轴向高度的增大而减小,轴向高度较高时上升区固含率基本保持不变。     

缩放型导流筒气升式内环流生物反应器流体力学与传质特性

从气相含率、液体循环速度和体积氧传质系数方面研究缩放型导流筒气升式内环流生物反应器内的流体力学与传质特性。实验结果表明,与传统圆柱形导流筒相比较,缩放型导流筒气相含率和体积氧传质系数分别提高８％和１０％以上。气相含率和体积氧传质系数随固含率的增加而提高,液体循环速度随固含率的增加而减小;同一内管反应器随介质粘度的增加,体积氧传质系数减小。此外还在Ｈｉｇｂｉｅ穿透理论和Ｋｏｌｏｍｏｇｏｒｏｆｆ各向同     

底部间隙对多室环流反应器流动特性的影响

在空气-水-石英砂三相多室气升式环流反应器(MALR)中,调节底部转角连接处间隙高度分别为18,28,38mm,在表观气速1.2～4.2cm/s范围内,实验研究了底部阻力系数、相含率、循环液速随反应器底部间隙的变化规律。结果表明,随着底部间隙的增大,底部转角处的局部阻力系数减小,循环液速增大,流体夹带进入下降室的气泡和固体颗粒均增多,下降室的气含率和固含率均增大。     

多室环流反应器气含率的三维数值模拟与分析

在常温常压条件下,以空气为气相、水为液相,对多室气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动状态进行了数值模拟,采用Euler两相流模型模拟了不同表观气速条件下各室气含率的分布情况。数值模拟计算结果表明,上升室气含率随表观气速的增大近似呈线性增长;各上升室气含率受自身表观气速的影响较大,而受另外一上升室表观气速的影响较小。     

Preparation of sorbitol from D‐glucose hydrogenation in gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop reactor

A new process for D ‐glucose hydrogenation in 50 wt% aqueous solution, into sorbitol in a 1.5 m³ gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop reactor (ALR) over Raney Nickel catalysts has been developed. Five main factors affecting the reaction time and molar yield to sorbitol, including reaction temperature (T_R), reaction pressure (P_R), pH, hydrogen gas flowrate (Q_g) and content of active hydrogen, were investigated and optimized. The average reaction time and molar yield were 70 min and 98.6% under the optimum operating conditions, respectively. The efficiencies of preparation of sorbitol between the gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow ALR and stirred tank reactor (STR) under the same operating conditions were compared. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

高长径比环流反应器中气、固含率的轴向分布研究

在高长径比(H/D=22.2)内环流反应器中,常温常压下,以空气-水-石英砂为物系,研究了表观气速和固体装载量对平均气含率、下降区气含率、上升区固含率、下降区固含率的影响,以及上升区气含率、固含率随轴向高度的分布规律.结果表明:平均气含率、下降区气含率随着表观气速的增加而增加,随ω(固体)增大而下降,ω(固体)≤2.6...     

Three‐phase airlift internal loop reactor: correlations for predicting the main fluid dynamic parameters

Three‐phase airlift loop reactors have many industrial applications. Examples include applications in the chemical, metallurgical, biochemical and minerals‐processing industries; fluid dynamics in such systems is a critical factor affecting efficiency. The experimental work was carried out at a pilot‐plant scale in a tank with a cylindrical shape and conical bottom (height 1.25 m; diameter 0.42 m), water and air were used as liquid and gas phases, and for different solid phases, different loads of glass spheres (diameters: 0.25 and 1 mm; density 2.6 g cm^?3), and polystyrene cylinders (diameter and length 3 mm; density 1.0 g cm^?3) were introduced. Air was injected through the bottom of the tank by means of 12 nozzles (diameter 1 mm each). An internal draft tube riser was tested on different configurations as its diameter was varied (44, 82, 125 and 240 mm) as was its height (1050 and 630 mm). Corresponding liquid velocities in the adjacent annular downcomer were determined by a thermal tracer technique, solid holdups were determined by conductivity methods, riser overall gas holdups were deduced from the liquid level, and riser gas holdup from manometer readings. Several adjusted correlations were considered in a method to predict the main fluid dynamic parameters (solids and gas holdups, and superficial liquid velocities). Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Hydrodynamics of a novel multi-stage external loop airlift reactor

In the present investigation a novel multi-stage external loop airlift reactor with hydro-dynamically induced continuous bubble generation, breakup and regeneration has been proposed. The system has been designed to operate with relatively large sized bubbles, so that interfacial circulation can be induced in the liquid-bubble interfaces and faster transfer of components can take place by turbulent diffusion through the interface of the bubbles and also due to the physical rupture and reformation of the bubbles. The system was also designed to operate in three stages operating in series so that in each stage completely deaerated liquid could be brought in contact with freshly generated bubbles. Detailed studies on the gas holdup and liquid circulation velocity have been carried out with respect to various values of superficial gas as well as liquid velocities. The gas holdup of the proposed multi-stage system is 45% higher than the single stage system, which results in better mass transfer characteristics. Empirical correlations describing the performance of the proposed reactor have been presented in this paper.     

Simulation and experimentation on the gas holdup characteristics of a novel oscillating airlift loop reactor

BACKGROUND: The classical airlift loop reactor (ALR) has been widely used in petrochemical, biochemical, energy and environmental processes due to such advantages as simple structure, without motional mechanism, easy sealing and low energy consumption. A novel ALR has been designed using forced periodic reversible ventilation, termed an airlift reversible loop reactor (ARLR). RESULTS: Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and experimental validation, the mass transfer characteristics of the ARLR were studied. The simulation results predicted the experimental data well, especially at low ventilation capacity. The oscillation period had significant effects on gas holdup and the mass transfer coefficient of the ARLR. When ventilation capacity was increased from 0.22 to 3.49 vvm, compared with central airlift and annular airlift reactors, ARLR increased the mass transfer coefficient by 9–31% and 10–58%, respectively, according to simulation results, and by 11–25% and 14–58%, respectively, according to experimental data. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the ARLR could significantly enhance gas holdup and mass transfer coefficient compared with traditional central airlift and annular airlift reactors. Results indicated that the optimum oscillation period decreased with increase of ventilation capacity. ARLR has the potential for application in aerobic fermentation. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry