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1.
An integral equation method for solving the eddy-current nondestructive evaluation problem of a flat, rectangular, near surface crack inside of a cylindrical hole in a conducting material is presented. The method involves expanding the Green’s tensor, the incoming field, and the jump in electric potential over the crack in suitable basis functions. Here, plane waves, cylindrical waves, and basis functions related to the Chebyshev polynomials, are used. The way of discretization in this method leads to a formulation where the scattering is defined by a scattering matrix, independent of the incoming field. This presents an advantage, when conducting numerical simulations, since the scattering matrix does not have to be recalculated for every probe position. The numerical calculations are straightforward to perform and model predictions are compared with finite element results. 相似文献
2.
《IEEE transactions on magnetics》2009,45(9):3343-3350
3.
We present the design and realization of cylindrical dielectric resonators operating in the 40–60 GHz frequency range, designed
for the measurement of the surface resistance and of the surface reactance shift in High-T
c Superconductors (HTS) thin films in a dc magnetic field. The resonators are single tone, based on the TE
011 mode, and multiple tone, the latter allowing in principle to exploit the simultaneous determination of the surface impedance
at different frequencies. As an application example, we report the temperature and field dependencies of the effective surface
impedance of some cuprate superconductors thin films. The results are compared with those obtained through the use of a standard
metal cavity with a similar Q-factor and operating in the same frequency range. The comparison highlights a superior stability and a higher sensitivity,
resulting in an increase of about two orders of magnitude in the resolution of the surface impedance measurement. By contrast,
the dissipative part of the superconducting transition (above T/T
c = 0.97) is better studied with the metal cavity. We also present measurements in the vortex state in YBaCa2Cu3O7−δ and Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8+x
that show significantly different physics.
PACS: 74.25 Nf. 相似文献
4.
Eddy-current inspection for nondestructive evaluation has traditionally been investigated in terms of coil impedance signals via theoretical and experimental methods. However, advanced eddy-current techniques use solid-state sensors such as Hall devices, giant magnetoresistive sensors, anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors, and superconducting quantum interference devices for magnetic field measurement to achieve better sensitivity and high temporal and spatial resolution in material evaluation and characterization. Here, we review the Dodd and Deeds integral model and use the truncated region eigenfunction expansion (TREE) method for computation of the magnetic field. This results in series expressions instead of integral ones. Thus, the computation is both simplified and speeded up so that it becomes convenient for solving one-dimensional eddy-current inverse problems. We compare the theoretical results from the analytical model with the results from a numerical simulation based on the finite-element method in terms of accuracy and computation time. 相似文献
5.
Surface impedance boundary conditions (SIBCs) are used for analysis of a wide range of practical applications such as micro strips, transformers or electrical machines. In this work the SIBC was implemented with classical edge elements using the magnetic vector potential. As known, the SIBC is afflicted with errors when it is being used on curved surfaces and near corners and edges. For this reason this paper investigates the error of the SIBC on curved surfaces. Therefore, simulations have been carried out for different radii and frequencies. The simulation results of the SIBC formulation have been compared with the common formulation for eddy current regions. It will be shown, that the error of the SIBC depends on the relation of the radius to the skin depth. Results are presented and discussed by means of a canonical problem. 相似文献
6.
《IEEE transactions on magnetics》2006,42(8):2017-2028
In this paper, we address the imaging of the spatial distribution of the resistivity of conductive materials by using data from eddy-current nondestructive testing. Specifically, the data consists of measurements of the impedance matrix at several frequencies acquired using a coil array. The imaging method processes the second-order term (estimated from the measured data) of the power series expansion, with respect to frequency, of the impedance matrix. This term accounts for the resistive contribution to changes of the impedance matrix, due to the presence of anomalies in the conductor under test, occurring at relatively low frequencies. The operator mapping a given resistivity distribution inside the conductor into the second-order term satisfies a proper monotonicity property. The monotonicity makes it possible to apply a fast noniterative imaging method initially developed by the authors for elliptic problems such as electrical resistance tomography. Numerical examples show the main features of the proposed method, and demonstrate the possibility of real-time imaging. 相似文献
7.
The edge-current–free rotational symmetric disk resonator mode, TM010, was used as characterization tool for nonlinear surface impedance measurement of Y1Ba2Cu3O7–x
(YBCO) thin films. The microwave surface resistance of high quality epitaxial YBCO thin films as a function of frequencies and rf surface magnetic field H
rf was measured using the circular disk resonator technique. Using this technique the properties degradation of the resonators by edge current crowding effect was avoided. The measured R
s values are divided into three regions. In the low field region (H
rf H
c1J), R
s is independent of H
rf. In the intermediate H
rf region, R
s can be well fitted to the formula of R
s(H
rf) = a(f) + b(f) H
rf
2, and b(f) is proportional to f
2. This form of microwave surface resistance quantitatively agrees with the modified coupled-grain model with the idea that the materials are composed of identical superconducting grains coupled together by identical intergranular regions that function as Josephson junctions. The experimental results show that the loss mechanisms are extrinsic properties resulting from defects in the films. 相似文献
8.
热源羽流是普遍存在于日常生活与工作中的一种气流形态,但对通风气流营造舒适的室内环境会造成明显干扰。为避免测试仪器对热源羽流场的干扰,本文采用2D-PIV系统拼接技术对不同热源强度、尺寸的面源羽流进行竖向区域测量,得到更加准确的运动特征方程和全局流场分布。以此实测数据,对面源羽流的轴心速度、扩展半径公式进行拟合系数讨论,得到一个简便且较为准确的圆形面源羽流轴心速度表达式,并对式中的系数进行拟合修正。结果表明:在热源半径为0.050~0.125 m,热源散热量为40~120 W之间能够较好的反映出热羽流轴心速度随远离热源高度的变化关系。 相似文献
9.
10.
利用Skyhook 阻尼进行柔性隔振平台的主动隔振控制时,可以简单地通过调节控制增益实现对低频段隔振器模态共振响应的抑制,且不影响高频段的隔振性能。在实际使用中,Skyhook 控制有两种常见的实现方式,即积分加速度反馈和积分力反馈。为分析两种实现方式用于柔性隔振平台时所产生的减振效果的差异,基于柔性Stewart 型隔振平台,结合多个ADAMS和MATLAB联合仿真案例开展详细且直观的对比研究。结果表明,对于传统的柔性隔振平台,积分力反馈法会由于实际柔性铰链的残余刚度而不能完全抑制隔振器刚体模态的共振;并且对于有效载荷的低阶模态,同样以抑制低频刚体模态为目的而设计的积分加速度反馈主动控制比积分力反馈法有更好的阻尼效果。最后,给出了对于两种控制方式选取和相应平台设计的意见。 相似文献
11.
Peng Ying Ruan Jiangjun Zhang Yu Gan Yan 《IEEE transactions on magnetics》2007,43(7):3259-3265
We present fundamentals and procedures of a composite grid method (CGM) for determining eddy currents in moving conductors. Based on the finite-element method (FEM), CGM uses two separate mesh grids - one coarse and one fine - to calculate in the global region and local region separately. The results of the coarse mesh are interpolated onto the boundary of the fine mesh as its Dirichlet's condition. Then two equations are solved in the fine mesh region in order to obtain the reaction force on the boundary, which is reacted on the coarse mesh to modify its right-hand-side load vector. And the equations in the coarse mesh are re-solved. The iteration continues until the results converge. The advantage of CGM is that it allows two overlapped grids differing greatly in size to be meshed independently. Also, the program is easy to modularize and thus has great flexibility and adaptability. Above all, it ensures good numerical accuracy in each grid set. As an example indicates, CGM is effective in handling 2-D moving conductor eddy-current problems that are tedious to solve by conventional methods such as re-meshing or using a Lagrange multiplier. 相似文献
12.
13.
A method is presented which determines the steady-state solution of nonlinear eddy current problems. The unknown potentials are represented by Fourier-series and the nonlinear behavior of the material is split into a linear and a nonlinear term using a fixed-point technique. This approach leads to decoupled linear equations for each harmonic component. To take the nonlinearity into account, several fixed-point iterations have to be made. The method avoids calculating transient processes which normally have to be stepped through if using time-stepping methods. The present method is illustrated by two 2-D examples 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACTExplicit three-dimensional (3D) point source and multi-Gaussian beam models are obtained for the Rayleigh waves generated by a surface wave angle beam transducer using an angular plane wave spectrum approach. Simulations show that the multi-Gaussian surface wave beam model agrees well with the point source model while being computationally more efficient. The theoretical predictions obtained with the models are also compared to the experimental measurement results where good agreement with the models is found for both on-axis and off-axis field comparisons. 相似文献
15.
An iterative solution to nonlinear problems of time-periodic eddy currents is performed by directly using the time-harmonic content of the field quantities instead of time-domain techniques employing successive time steps. A linear sinusoidal steady-state field problem is solved to determine the magnetization harmonics at each iteration, with the harmonic values corrected in terms of the actual magnetic induction by applying a fixed-point procedure. To further improve its efficiency, the solution process can be started by retaining a small number of harmonics, with more harmonics subsequently added as needed to achieve the desired accuracy. The proposed method always yields stable results, even when the characteristic B-H is strongly nonlinear, and has a superior computational efficiency with respect to various time-stepping techniques and to the "harmonic balance method." 相似文献
16.
17.
In the interpretation of the geometry of second-order response surface models, standard errors and confidence intervals for the eigenvalues of the second-order coefficient matrix play an important role. In this article, we propose a new method for estimating the standard errors, and hence approximate confidence intervals, of these eigenvalues. The method is simple in both concept and execution. It involves the refitting of a full quadratic model after rotating the coordinate system to coincide with the canonical axes. The estimated standard errors of the pure quadratic terms from this refitting are then used as approximate standard errors of the eigenvalues. Because this approach is based on the canonical form, it is geometrically intuitive and easily taught. Our method is intended as a way for practitioners to get quick estimates of the standard errors of the eigenvalues. In our justification of the approach, we show that it is equivalent to using the delta method proposed by Carter, Chinchilli, and Campbell. 相似文献
18.
We study the effects of semiconductor substrates on the surface impedance of high-T
c
Superconductor (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films. The characteristic impedance of silicon (Si) (for different doping levels and for different charge carrier
scattering times) is evaluated. In particular, the most relevant features of Si electrodynamics are highlighted by the introduction
of suitable normalized quantities. The effective surface impedance of the YBCO films on Si substrates is then calculated and
discussed for different temperatures and frequencies in the microwave range, comparing the obtained results to their limiting
expressions for bulk and thin-film HTS. Our analysis shows how the widely used thin-film approximation for the surface impedance
can fail, critically highlighting the conditions it requires to be correctly used. We show that substrate contributions can
heavily influence the overall response. 相似文献
19.
Chung-Ping Liu Yeong-Hwa Chang Tsung-Kun Lin Kun-Tong Wu Chang-Shen Yu Der-Ray Huang Tai-Fa Ying Shyh-Jier Wang 《材料科学技术学报》2000,16(2):244-245
1. IntroductionIn a quasi-stationary magnetic field, eddy-currelltfrom an alternating-current excitation induces secondary currents and fields between magnetic material and position sensor. The skin depths and eddycurreat losses are also induced in a conductor whenan alternating external magnetic field is applied tothe conductor[1]. For a magnetic position sensort ifthe position of the moving sensor is given, the waveform of the output voltage induced by eddy-currentcan be used as an index to … 相似文献
20.
将三维磁场计算的表面磁荷法和空间谐波展开技术相结合 ,提出了一种用于偏转线圈磁场计算的谐波表面磁荷法。利用空间谐波的正交性 ,导出了与铁芯表面感应的磁荷各次谐波一一对应的磁场谐波。根据铁芯表面的法向磁场关系 ,建立各次磁荷谐波的积分方程 ,并进行了离散化。此方法将三维问题简化为一维积分方程问题 ,可以处理铁芯磁导率为有限值及铁芯与线匝间具有任意间隙的情况 ,具有较大的普遍适用性。用此方法计算了一个偏转线圈的例子 ,取得了较好的结果。 相似文献