半球阵列式涡流发生器湍流尾迹流动特性研究

利用DDES延迟分离涡模拟研究了半球状的涡流发生器尾迹区域的流动特性，包括了速度场以及涡量场，研究发现尾迹区域的速度场，涡量场呈现出不同的发展趋势，速度场在初始角度尾流开始分离，随着角度的增加，由流动分离再趋向于整体，尾迹区域的宽度与长度的变化经历了加速下降区，相对缓慢加速区，以及平缓过渡区三区域，涡量场整体趋向于分离状态，随着角度增加脱落的漩涡越来越大，涡量保持区的长度变长。涡量场与速度场在总体上呈现出不同的流体动力特征。     

基于快速多帧PIV方法的超声速自由射流流动结构研究

针对超声速流场速度场难以测量的特点,搭建了一套具有高时空分辨率的快速多帧PIV测量系统,对压比为5的超声速欠膨胀自由射流流场进行了测量,PIV速度场结果分别与国外的实验结果和数值模拟结果进行对比,验证了本PIV系统的良好性能。结合速度场分布图像对超声速自由射流的流场结构进行了分析,并基于速度场分布获得了涡量场分布等信息。实验结果表明,涡量场中存在两条环状涡量分布区,将自由射流的下游流场分割为三块速度、温度等参数沿径向分布规律显著不同的区域。     

基于滑移网格的小型垂直轴风力机气动性能的数值模拟

建立2D小型垂直轴风机模型,采用滑移网格技术,选用k-ε RNG湍流模型、SIMPLE算法,对模型的气动性能进行了非定常数值模拟研究。分析了垂直轴风机在不同工作时刻的流场情况,研究了速度场、涡量的分布以及风力机总转矩的变化规律。研究结果表明,风力机叶片周围速度存在明显梯度,计算区域在不同时刻的速度分布呈现较大差异。在旋转区域涡量较大,随着远离旋转区域,涡量值迅速减少。垂直轴风力机旋转过程中,风力机的总转矩呈现正负交替变化。     

旋风分离器非稳态流场的简化分析

定性分析了非稳态旋进涡核在旋风分离器流场中的运动形式及其对流场的影响。按照涡丝在流场中产生诱导速度的原理，提出了旋风分离器流场中有旋进涡核存在时流场的计算方法，通过计算值与实测值的比较发现两者吻合较好。     

煤液化调节阀流场演变特性的测试与分析

利用粒子图像测速技术（particle image velocimetry,简称PIV）和涡量分析原理对调节阀不同工况下的流场信息进行测量,研究了进口压力对液压调节阀速度场、涡量场及湍动能的影响。结果表明：调节阀节流口处有对冲射流,其在阀芯头部下游汇合后形成向下游的整体喷射;节流口下游的油液轴向速度先减小后增大,在喉部末尾处附近趋于稳定;在靠近壁面区域油液径向流动速度都较低,在流道中心区域流动速度较高;阀芯头部和下游流道存在由速度梯度引起的介质回流旋涡,高涡量区域主要分布在阀芯头部和壁面处,强的正涡与负涡呈2条斜形宽带分布;阀芯头部为高涡量区且具有贴壁特征,壁面附近高涡量区向下游延展;随着调节阀进口压力的增大,阀口流量、流场高速分布区域、旋涡的强度和尺度以及湍动能均随之增大。     

Couette-Taylor-Poiseuille流的数值模拟

对中等半径比同心旋转圆柱间Couette-Taylor-Poiseu ille流进行了数值计算,并与已有的实验数据进行比较以获得流场的更多信息。结果表明,数值计算与实验结果吻合较好,依次再现了层流涡、波动涡、非波动螺旋涡以及波动螺旋涡;轴流可以起到稳定流场的作用,轴流存在时,流场转捩的临界泰勒数Ta值会变大,涡胞变小,涡心不再位于轴间隙的中间,从左向右的轴流比较明显,交替指向内轴和外轴,并缠绕在涡胞的周围;除去平均轴流速度后,速度矢量场显示出不同的涡形,形状与相同Ta时的涡胞基本相同;在不同的泰勒数Ta和雷诺数Re下,涡心的轴向传播速度约为平均轴向流速的1.17倍,相传播速度约为内筒转速的0.42倍。     

节能离心泵全流道内部湍流的动态大涡模拟

应用不可压缩流体N-S控制方程和大涡模拟动态亚格子湍流模型,基于非结构网格和滑移网格技术,采用SIMPLEC算法实现速度、压力变量的分离求解,得到了某新型离心泵从进口到出口的全流道各过流部件的速度场和压力场分布,与k-ε模型计算结果比较表明,采用动态大涡模拟方法对离心泵内部流场预测更加精确、合理.     

沟槽数量对泰勒涡流稳定性的影响

用粒子图像测速技术(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)对光滑壁面和沟槽数量为18的模型内的流场进行测量,初步获得沟槽的存在对于环隙内流场的影响规律;同时利用数值计算获得沟槽数量为18的模型内的流场分布,通过对比试验结果和数值模拟结果,验证数值计算方法可靠性。通过数值计算研究沟槽数量0、6、12、18模型内的流场分布,在比较沟槽模型与光壁模型环隙内的速度场和涡量场的基础上,得出以下结论：较少的沟槽数量增加了泰勒涡的轴向尺寸,随着沟槽数的增加,沟槽结构对流场影响不断加剧,环隙内最大径向速度和轴向速度均有不同程度的增加;对比不同轴向位置的流场分布,发现沟槽区域内存在明显的旋涡流动,不同轴向位置沟槽内的流体存在着进出环隙内的运动。     

基于非稳态计算对旋风机三维流场的数值模拟

应用三维非定常数值计算方法对矿用对旋轴流风机的非定常特性进行了数值模拟研究。数值计算中将SIMPLE算法与RNGκ-ε湍流模型相结合,以风机三维全流道为计算域,获得了对旋风机叶轮区域3对干涉面上速度场和涡量场的非定常分布。通过数值模拟结果与设计参数和试验结果的比较,验证了数值预测结果的准确性。模拟结果表明,对旋风机在一个旋转周期的不同时刻,其内部流场存在显著的非定常特性。     

涡喷热融除冰流场数值模拟

涡喷发动机产生的高温高速尾气被导气罩引致喷嘴,以320m/s的喷射速度、873K的高温和102.4m3/s的流量喷射地面冰层,以清除重要和关键场所的路面薄冰层。使用计算流体力学方法,数值模拟分析了单相流形成的压力场、速度场和温度场,以及冰融后形成的水雾粒子在两相流场中的分布、速度和运移状态。数值模拟结果表明,高温高速喷射气流所形成流场的温度场,高温层与冰层直接接触,路面薄冰快速形成水雾;水雾与气流混合形成高密度固相梯度分布的高速移动两相流,瞬时移出计算域以外。涡喷除冰实践和数值模拟结果均验证了涡喷热融除冰的快速有效性。     

胶乳分离机高速转鼓内流场的数值分析

为了得到胶乳分离机高速转鼓在离心力场作用下的内部流场规律,建立胶乳物理特征、转鼓结构及转速与流场压力、速度之间的相互关系。基于FLUENT软件,对仿真建模、边界条件设置、计算方法进行了研究;选择混合多相流和层流模型,利用转鼓流场二维模型对内部流场进行了数值模拟,分析得到了流场的压力云图、速度云图以及出流区速度矢量图,定量评价了不同转速下流场压力、速度的变化,提出了一种利用特征参数验证模型的方法。分析结果表明:转鼓内流体压力、速度与流体所处半径成正比,流体速度、压力分别与转鼓转速呈一次、二次正比例关系,在工作转速下最大液体压力为10.4 MPa,重相出流区比轻相出流区存在更明显的漩涡现象,碟片间隙内液体流动状态为层流,仿真结果与理论计算值、文献压力数据及特征参数实测值较一致,验证了分析模型和分析方法的有效性。本研究为胶乳离心分离工艺、转鼓流场及结构优化提供了理论依据和分析方法。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE EFFECT OF ROTATION ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD IN FILM-COOLED TURBINE

An experimental investigation of three-dimensional flow field in a film-cooled turbine model is carried out by using particle image velocimeter (PIV) in a low-speed wind tunnel. The effects of different blowing ratios (M=1.5, 2) on the flow field are studied. The experimental results reveal the classical phenomena of the formation of kidney vortex pair and secondary flow in wake region behind the jet hole. And the changes of the kidney vortex pair and the wake at different locations away from the hole on the suction and pressure sides are also studied. Compared with the flow field in stationary cascade, there are centrifugal force and Coriolis force existing in the flow field of rotating turbine, and these forces bring the radial velocity in the jet flow. The effect of rotation on the flow field of the pressure side is more distinct than that on the suction side from the measured flow fields in Y-Z plane and radial velocity contours. The increase of blowing ratio makes the kidney vortex pair and the secondary flow in the wake region stronger and makes the range of the wake region enlarged.     

Optimization in PIV algorithm for visualizing vortices in bubble wake

The PIV (Particle image velocimetry) is the most commonly used method for flow field observation because of its high efficiency and non-interference to the flow field. This study aims to clarify the optimal parameter conditions used in the cross-correlation algorithm of PIV for flow fields with vortices. The influence factors on the error of the cross-correlation algorithm are analyzed and discussed using a synthetic flow field, including the seeding conditions, the velocity gradient and vortex size. It is confirmed that the minimum particle number density per interrogation window is about 10, which generally limits the minimum size of the window. For a vortex, when the vortex size is fixed, the velocity gradient corresponding to the characteristic velocity both controls the lower and upper limitation of window size. For a relatively small vortex, generally a window not larger than the vortex size is asked. Then, a strategy to improve the observation based on the existing equipment is discussed and applied to visualize a rising bubble wake based on LIF (Laser-induced fluorescence) images.     

基于动态模态分解的叶道涡非定常解耦与重构

为进一步探索混流式水轮机偏负荷工况下叶道涡的演变机制,引入动态模态分解方法并结合数值模拟与实验对水轮机叶道涡的非定常流场进行相干结构的解耦.数值结果表明,叶道涡呈低频特性,演化的主频为0.5倍水轮机转频;涡管状叶道涡空腔起源于叶轮上冠,并与叶片背面的片状涡连为一体.应用动态模态分解方法获得了叶道涡速度场的动态模态,并将...     

Unsteady flow field numerical calculations of a ship’s rotating Weis-Fogh-type propulsion mechanism with the advanced vortex method

The Weis-Fogh mechanism, found in the hovering flight of a small bee, is a unique and efficient lift generation. In this study, we proposed a rotating type propulsion model that applies the principle of the Weis-Fogh mechanism and calculated the unsteady flow field of the propulsion model with the advanced vortex method. The wing (NACA0010 airfoil) and channel are approximated by source and vortex panels, and free vortices are introduced away from the body surfaces. The viscous diffusion of fluid is represented using the core-spreading model to the discrete vortices. We investigated the thrust and drag coefficients, pressure field, vorticity field, velocity vector field, and average propulsive efficiency of the propulsion model by changing the rotating angle velocity. The force acting on the wing depended heavily on the directions of the thrust and drag and the thrust and drag coefficients largely fluctuated with the change in the rotating angles. The average thrust increased as the rotating angle velocity increased. The maximum propulsive efficiency was 27.9% at a calculated angle velocity. The flow field of this rotating type propulsion mechanism is unsteady and very complex because the wing rotates and moves unsteadily in the channel. However, using the advanced vortex method, it could be calculated accurately.     

Numerical simulations of the internal flow pattern of a vortex pump compared to the Hamel-Oseen vortex

We did a numerical study of the internal flow field of a vortex pump. Five operating points were considered and validated through a measured characteristic curve. The internal flow pattern of a vortex pump was analyzed and compared to the Hamel-Oseen vortex model. The calculated flow field was assessed with respect to the circumferential velocity, the vorticity and the axial velocity. Whereas the trajectories of the circumferential velocity were largely in line with the Hamel-Oseen vortex model, the opposite was true for vorticity. Only the vorticity at strong part load was in line with the predictions of the Hamel-Oseen vortex model. We therefore compared the circumferential velocity and vorticity for strong part load operation to the analytical predictions of the Hamel-Oseen vortex model. The simulated values were below the analytical values. The study therefore suggests that a vortex similar to the Hamel-Oseen vortex is only present at the strong part load operation.     

Flow Field Characteristics of the Rotor Cage in Turbo Air Classifiers

The turbo air classifier is widely used powder classification equipment in a variety of fields. The flow field characteristics of the turbo air classifier are important basis for the improvement of the turbo air classifier's structural design. The flow field characteristics of the rotor cage in turbo air classifiers were investigated under different operating conditions by laser Doppler velocimeter(LDV), and a measure diminishing the axial velocity is proposed. The investigation results show that the tangential velocity of the air flow inside the rotor cage is different from the rotary speed of the rotor cage on the same measurement point due to the influences of both the negative pressure at the exit and the rotation of the rotor cage. The tangential velocity of the air flow likewise decreases as the radius decreases in the case of the rotor cage's low rotary speed. In contrast, the tangential velocity of the air flow increases as the radius decreases in the case of the rotor cage's high rotary speed. Meanwhile, the vortex inside the rotor cage is found to occur near the pressure side of the blade when the rotor cage's rotary speed is less than the tangential velocity of air flow. On the contrary, the vortex is found to occur near the blade suction side once the rotor cage's rotary speed is higher than the tangential velocity of air flow. Inside the rotor cage, the axial velocity could not be disregarded and is largely determined by the distances between the measurement point and the exit.     

多孔射流式通风的流场特性分析

为了分析多孔射流风机作用下风场的流场特性,文中采用CFD方法,对多孔射流式风场模型内部流场进行了数值模拟,对比分析了不同喷嘴数量及排布方式对流场性能的影响,并引入涡动力学理论,分析了流场内涡结构的分布发展规律及其对流体掺混的影响。结果表明：喷嘴的数量及排布方式对流场性能有显著影响,外围喷嘴会对中心喷嘴的流动起到限制作用;流向涡对流体掺混效果的作用比展向涡大,在涡量一定的情况下,流向涡尺度越大、衰减越快,流体间的混合效果越好,流场稳定性越高。流场内速度及涡动力学分布表明,流场稳定性随着喷嘴数量的增加而显著提高,因此在保证经济性的前提下应尽量采用数量多的喷嘴排布方式。     

Experimental investigation of relative velocity field based on image rotation method in pump impeller

The continuous instantaneous flow field in pump impeller is vital for studying the mechanism of some complex flow phenomenon. In this paper, a high frequency PIV system with maximum sampling frequency 10 k Hz is built and used to measure the continuous flow field in impeller. In order to reduce the minimum sampling frequency required for PIV while ensuring the accuracy of flow field measurement, an image rotation method was proposed for calculating the relative velocity flow field in impeller. This method removed the particle displacement caused by impeller rotation in circumferential direction before the FFT calculation was performed. The relative velocity value calculated by velocity triangle method and image rotation method are compared and analyzed at different sampling line positions for different experimental conditions. The results show the image rotation method can not only obtain a more accurate velocity field near the blade area, but also has a lower requirement for the sampling frequency of the PIV system. The relative velocity error between two methods shows a trend of decreasing and then increasing when the sampling frequency decreases from 10 k Hz to 1 k Hz. Meanwhile, the relationship between the impeller speed and optimal sampling frequency range is established, which provides guidance for the selection of the appropriate PIV sampling frequency used for the measurement of the flow field in impeller.